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This scholarly study sheds important new light on the politics of Polish Jewry on the eve of its destruction. Drawing from sources in the Polish Jewish and non-Jewish press and from archives in Europe, Israel, and the United States, Emanuel Melzer examines the efforts of Jews in this major center of Jewish life to secure its existence and advance its interests in the late 1930s, when the radicalization of antisemitism became an increasingly prominent theme in the countrys political life. With the death of Pilsudski, the prognosis for the Polish Jews appeared increasingly bleak, as hostile forces sought to abrogate their constitutional rights and force them to leave the country en masse. The enmity they experienced drew in no small measure from the example of Nazi Germany, which did not hesitate to portray the Jews as the common enemy of Germans and Poles alike. In the face of these developments, Polish Jews attempted to wage a coordinated and concerted political battle against the economic persecution, hostile administrative practices, discriminatory legislation, and violent riots that increasingly pervaded their daily lives. Melzer recounts those attempts and analyzes their failure. Of the three primary groups among Polish Jewrythe Zionists, Agudas Yisroel, and the Bundonly the last was capable of carrying on effective opposition to anti-Jewish forces. But it was not prepared to join with nonproletarian Jewish groups in an all-Jewish defense. The Jewish press, too, was not able to forge a unified Jewish organizational framework, tied as it was to the existing political parties and reflecting their attitudes and shortcomings. The only official political voice of Polish Jewry was the small Jewish parliamentary caucus. Although respected by much of the Jewish public, the Sejm and Senat deputies were not recognized as its legitimate spokesmen and usually acted without coordinating their interventions with one another. As a result, the most effective Jewish actions were undertaken on the local levelnotably the self-defense organized during the Przytyk pogrom and the stubborn battle of Jewish students against the ghetto benches. Melzer demonstrates that the vociferous Jewish public debate over questions of policy and the tenacious daily struggles against discrimination had little effect upon Polish Jewrys deteriorating situation. Without charismatic leadership and an organizational framework based on common Jewish destiny and mutual identification, its ability to confront the grave challenges that lay ahead was seriously impaired. With the approach of war, many felt they were trapped with no way out, left to face the Nazi onslaught virtually alone.

From the configuration of Empire in the colonial period to the multiple facets of modern coloniality, this book offers a challenging approach to the developments and effects of imperial domination and neocolonial rule in Latin America. Thought of as a contribution to current debates on postcolonialism and covering an ample range of topics, geocultural fields, and historical scenarios, Revisiting the Colonial Question in Latin America provides indispensable materials to the study of the formation and representation of colonial and modern subjectivities, the role of historical accounts, cultural practices, and symbolic representation (literary writing, oral narratives, visual images, and artifacts) through which some of the parameters of colonized epistemologies become apparent to the European Other.

Hoy en día se alza en la ciudad de Santo Domingo una estatua en recuerdo de Antonio de Montesino, primer europeo que denunció con vehemencia los abusos y la explotación de los nativos en el contexto de la colonizacion española de las Antillas. Aunque su iniciativa no pudo impedir la temprana desaparicion de los indigenas, habria de definir el pensamiento de Bartolome de las Casas, allanando el camino para el surgimiento de la Leyenda Negra.A pesar de su historica relevancia, los trabajos cientificos que se han ocupado de la figura del fraile y de las circunstancias en las cuales desarrollo su labor son muy esporadicos e incluso la recepcion y el impacto de sus sermones han sido solo parcialmente investigados.Dirigido tanto al mundo cientifico, como a un publico interesado en la historia y cultura latinoamericanas, el presente volumen se acerca a la tematica desde diferentes perspectivas: historica, linguistica, antropologica, teologica, juridica y literaria. El enfoque interdisciplinario permite esbozar una imagen mas nitida de la persona historica de Antonio de Montesino y esclarecer aspectos de su recepcion y de la repercusion de sus sermones en el discurso historico. Con ello, el volumen pretende destacar la resonancia de los sermones como factor desencadenante del intenso debate sobre la cuestion indigena, aportando elementos de discusion en este momento coyuntural de los inicios de la colonizacion.

"Este libro constituye un estudio crítico detallado y sofisticado de las intersecciones entre las políticas de genealogía y las luchas sociales y económicas de los descendientes de la nobleza inca en el tardio periodo colonial. Se enfoca en las peticiones de titulos de nobleza de la familia Uchu Tupac Yupanqui, que utilizo el sistema legal para restablecer su posicion de poder durante 250 años. Quispe-Agnoli demuestra, con un gran material de archivo, que los esfuerzos de Maria Joaquina Uchu reflejan las relaciones dinamicas de poder que estaban ancladas en cuestiones de etnicidad y genero sexual en el siglo XVIII" (Mariselle Melendez, catedratica de Literatura y Cultura Hispanoamericana Colonial, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign).

Esta miscelánea de trabajos comparte la preocupación común de ofrecer miradas y ampliar perspectivas de análisis acerca de los fenómenos de transculturación y de migraciones textuales en el itinerario Europa-Canarias-America bajo el signo de la atlanticidad, segun el concepto acuñado por Juan Manuel Garcia Ramos.El monografico integra articulos sobre la definicion de las cronicas de indias, la facultad descubridora del lenguaje literario, la emergente presencia de la mujer en las Indias, aspectos de la tradicion oral, los ejes de relacion Canarias-America y Europa-America y la mirada interdisciplinar a traves del cine.Este volumen de vocacion heterogenea emprende nuevos acercamientos al tornaviaje del Nuevo al Viejo Mundo y fija su atencion en el apasionante horizonte textual de la colonia y en sus irradiaciones de ida y regreso, merced a la reciproca reinvencion de dos civilizaciones en fructifera (oro) y perturbadora (plomo) contaminacion.

Pese a que se suele considerar México un país con escasa presencia afroamericana, en pocas provincias del Nuevo Mundo como en la Nueva España tuvieron la oportunidad de manifestarse, entre los negros esclavos o libres, personalidades tan fuertes como las de Juan Galindo, compañero de los conquistadores, Estebanico, uno de los primeros descubridores del norte del virreinato, el actual sur de los Estados Unidos, o Gaspar Yanga, supuesto miembro de la familia real de Gabon y lider de una revuelta de esclavos en Veracruz acaecida alrededor de 1570; por no hablar del levantamiento protagonizado por las cofradias de negros y mulatos en 1612, sin parangon en las Indias y que infundio una profunda psicosis colectiva entre los españoles.En pocas provincias encontraron los negros tantas ocasiones de afirmarse frente a la sociedad esclavista, de resistir con tanto ahinco a su fuerza reductora ya fuera haciendo alarde de una completa sumision cargada, sin embargo, de profundas ambiguedades, o bien rebelandose abiertamente contra del sistema, ocasiones que se acompañaban de rebrotes culturales africanos de gran significacion. Asi pues, se puede hablar en el caso del virreinato novohispano de una resistencia negra polifacetica, que se valio de todos los procedimientos a su alcance, por contradictorios que parecieran, para mantener y reivindicar la dignidad del hombre afrodescendiente.

A diferencia de otras publicaciones con motivo del bicentenario de la Independencia y el centenario de la Revolución Mexicana en 2010, en este volumen se relaciona la emergencia de un Estado libre, independiente y revolucionario con procesos politicos y culturales de la epoca colonial. Los articulos aqui reunidos exploran la politica y la poetica del periodo historico que va desde la colonia hasta la Revolucion, asi como repercusiones en la actualidad. Sus representaciones y escenificaciones en la literatura, el arte y los medios no son exploradas desde la perspectiva del poder, sino desde la potencialidad del devenir. Se perfilan por lo tanto dos paradigmas historicos: por un lado, una serie de posibles bifurcaciones de caminos y latencias de otras historias que se configuran en forma de rutas transversales, abordadas con planteamientos transareales; por otro, la larga duracion de la herencia imperialista y de regimenes hegemonicos representados en forma de repeticiones fantasmaticas de crisis fundacionales.

El cacao tuvo en tiempos prehispánicos diversos usos: fue usado como producto de intercambio, para pagar tributos, como moneda u ofrenda ritual. Con la llegada de los españoles la situación no varió: las semillas siguieron teniendo un valor de cambio y fueron empleadas para pagar tributos, repartimientos y cargas religiosas. El cacao se convirtio en un producto fundamental de comercio y en articulo basico de consumo entre las clases altas. Este libro analiza la importancia del cacao desde el periodo prehispanico hasta la actualidad, estudiando las formas de produccion, circuitos comerciales y maneras de consumo en Mexico, Guatemala, Nueva Granada (Colombia), Guayaquil (Ecuador) y Trinidad.

Nueve estudios conforman el volumen que tiene como protagonista al obispo-virrey don Juan de Palafox, en su actividad como hombre de Estado e Iglesia, y que está en sintonía con la promoción artística, cultural y religiosa de los grandes prohombres de su tiempo. Con la excepcion del primer articulo, que nos presenta al joven y experimentado consejero de Indias explicando al rey, en un rico informe, su parecer en lo relativo al conflicto con Francia, el resto de esta miscelanea se refiere a aspectos relacionados con su querida Raquel, la diocesis de Puebla de los Angeles, tanto en actuaciones concretas en pro de la cultura y las artes, como en su faceta de gobierno en Nueva España. En este ultimo aspecto destaca la correspondencia con personas particularmente informadas de cuanto ocurria en Nueva España y lugares mas distantes, como Filipinas. Sus redes de informacion, conforme se van conociendo documentos ineditos, llaman poderosisimamente la atencion y ponen en valor su figura en este tipo de habilidad.

After the Second World War, divided Germany was saturated with spies. Among them were the first class comrades of the Stasi - the East German Ministry for State Security. The early Cold War saw the Stasi establish itself as one of the worlds most notorious spy and secret police agencies.Drawing on rarely seen files from the Stasi archives, First Class Comrades tells the Stasi story from a fresh perspective: how it helped to create a new European state, how its foreign intelligence service became one of the most successful ever, and how its spy-catchers tackled vigorous attempts by the West to infiltrate East Germany - attempts that influenced the decision to build the Berlin Wall.Full of new insights on Cold War espionage, and featuring newly discovered details of the Stasis operational methods, First Class Comrades shines a light on this lesser-known period of Stasi history, and why its stories and lessons still matter today.

Skulls, height, hands, legs, sex organs, blood, brains, stomachs, ears and corpses discover Irish history anew through the utterly unique prism of the human body.From the brutal beheading of the red-headed Clonycavan Man some 2,000 years ago to the ancient skulls believed to be those of giants stolen from islands off Irelands west coast, medical historian Dr Ian Miller brings readers on a delightfully gruesome journey through our rich heritage.Learn about the fears of excessive tea drinking that were once such a great cause for concern on this isle scarcely believable! Meet the doctors who revolutionised Irish medicine in the 19th century along with the deplorable bodysnatching that accompanied this progress.Fact and folklore intertwine seamlessly throughout, providing the reader with an endlessly fascinating account of matters historical and mythological.

Before Queen Annes reign had even begun, rival factions in both Church and State were jostling for position in her court. Attempting to follow a moderate course, the new monarch and her advisors had to be constantly wary of the attempts of extremists on both sides to gain the upper hand. The result was a see-saw period of alternating influence that has fascinated historians and political commentators. In this engaging new study, Barry Levis shows that although both parties claimed to be in support of the Church, their real aim was advancing their respective political positions. Uniting close analysis of Queen Annes changing policies towards dissenters, occasional conformity and church appointments with studies of the careers of several prominent churchmen and politicians, Levis paints a gripping picture of competing religious values and political ambitions. Most significantly, he shows that, far from being restricted to the church and political elites, these conflicts were to have a cascading influence on the division of the country long after the Queens reign ended.

Before Queen Annes reign had even begun, rival factions in both Church and State were jostling for position in her court. Attempting to follow a moderate course, the new monarch and her advisors had to be constantly wary of the attempts of extremists on both sides to gain the upper hand. The result was a see-saw period of alternating influence that has fascinated historians and political commentators. In this engaging new study, Barry Levis shows that although both parties claimed to be in support of the Church, their real aim was advancing their respective political positions. Uniting close analysis of Queen Annes changing policies towards dissenters, occasional conformity and church appointments with studies of the careers of several prominent churchmen and politicians, Levis paints a gripping picture of competing religious values and political ambitions. Most significantly, he shows that, far from being restricted to the church and political elites, these conflicts were to have a cascading influence on the division of the country long after the Queens reign ended.

The Ptolemaic period witnessed an enormous increase in the number of hieroglyphic signs and iconographic elements (composite crowns, scepters, and cult objects). The ancient scribes exploited this complexity when composing the reliefs used in temple decoration, selecting particular words, hieroglyphic signs, and iconographic elements in order to create interconnected multiple layers of meaning, forming a tapestry of sound and sight. The Theology of Hathor of Dendera examines these techniques on both micro- and macro-levels, from their smallest details to their broadest thematic connections, foregrounding individual techniques to determine the words and phrases singled out for emphasis. By synthesizing their use in the three-dimensional space of the most important cult chamber in the Temple of Hathor at Dendera, this new method of analysis not only reveals the most essential characteristics of the local theology, but also shows how the ancient scribes envisioned the universe and the place of humankind within it.

Excavations at Berenike, a Greco-Roman harbor on the Egyptian Red Sea coast, have provided extensive evidence for trade with India, South-Arabia and sub-Saharan Africa. The results of the 1999 and 2000 excavations by the joint mission of the University of Delaware, Leiden University, and UCLA, have been published in a comprehensive report, with specialists analyses of different object groups and an overview of evidence for the trade route from the Indian perspective. The book is lavishly illustrated with photographs, drawings, plans, and a large foldout map of Berenike and Sikait.

The Plain of Phaistos presents the results on an interdisciplinary regional field project (1984-1987) carried out on the island Of Crete. This volume traces the changing patterns of settlement and cycles of social complexity from the Late Neolithic period to the present day within the heartland of the state of Phaistos. The authors and contributors publish geological, archaeological, environmental, botanical, historical and ethnographic studies that establish the regional identity of the Western Mesara. Using a combination of empirical, processual and post-processual theoretical approaches, the volume investigates a central problem - how and why did the Bronze Age and Classical states arise at Phaistos?

The history of the hellenistic world has long been more popular than has widely been realized. This volume seeks to contribute to that popularity. Here are fourteen new perspectives on the period from a distinguished and international group of scholars. Their varied papers are grouped together around five themes: Structure and System; King and Court; Family and Kinship; Landscape and People; Art and Image. The book is conceived as a sister-volume to CPWs sucessful Archaic Greece: New Approaches and New Evidence, edited by Nick Fisher and Hans van Wees (1998).

This revised and expanded edition of the classic 1999 edited book includes all the chapters from the original volume plus a new, updated, introduction and several new chapters. The current book is an up-to-date review of research into Mycenaean palatial systems with chapters by archaeologists and Linear B specialists that will be useful to scholars, instructors, and advanced students. This book aims to define more accurately the term "palace" in light of both recent archaeological research in the Aegean and current anthropological thinking on the structure and origin of early states. Regional centers do not exist as independent entities. They articulate with more extensive sociopolitical systems. The concept of palace needs to be incorporated into enhanced models of Mycenaean state organization, ones that more completely integrate primary centers with networks of regional settlement and economy.

"O where are the sympathies of Christians for the slave and where are their exertions for their liberation? . . . It seems as if the church were asleep."David Ingraham, 1839In 2015, the historian Chris Momany helped discover a manuscript that had been forgotten in a storage closet at Adrian College in Michigan. He identified it as the journal of a nineteenth-century Christian abolitionist and missionary, David Ingraham. As Momany and a fellow historian Doug Strong pored over the diary, they realized that studying this document could open new conversations for twenty-first-century Christians to address the reality of racism today. They invited a multiracial team of fourteen scholars to join in, thus launching the Dialogue on Race and Faith Project.Awakening to Justice presents the groundbreaking work of these scholars. In addition to reflecting on Ingrahams journal, chapters also explore the life and writings of two of Ingrahams Black colleagues, James Bradley and Nancy Prince. Appendixes feature writings by all three abolitionists so readers can engage the primary sources directly.Through considering connections between the revivalist, holiness, and abolitionist movements; the experiences of enslaved and freed people; abolitionists spiritual practices; various tactics used by abolitionists; and other themes, the authors offer insight and hope for Christians concerned about racial justice. They highlight how Christians associated with Charles Finneys style of revivalism formed intentional, countercultural communities such as Oberlin College to be exemplars of interracial cooperation and equality.Christians have all too often compromised with racism throughout history, but thats not the whole story. Hearing the prophetic witness of revivalist social justice efforts in the nineteenth century can provide a fresh approach to todays conversations about race and faith in the church.

Christianity Today Book Award FinalistMissions/Global ChurchReaders Choice Award WinnerThroughout Chinas rapidly growing cities, a new wave of unregistered house churches is growing. They are developing rich theological perspectives that are both uniquely Chinese and rooted in the historical doctrines of the faith. To understand how they have endured despite government pressure and cultural marginalization, we must understand both their history and their theology.In this volume, key writings from the house church have been compiled, translated, and made accessible to English speakers. Featured here is a manifesto by well-known pastor Wang Yi and his church, Early Rain Covenant Church in Chengdu, to clarify their theological stance on the house church and its relationship to the Chinese government. There are also works by prominent voices such as Jin Tianming, Jin Mingri, and Sun Yi. The editors have provided introductions, notes, and a glossary to give context to each selection.These writings are an important body of theology historically and spiritually. Though defined by a specific set of circumstances, they have universal applications in a world where the relationship between church and state is more complicated than ever. This unique resource will be valuable to practical and political theologians as well as readers interested in international relations, political philosophy, history, and intercultural studies.