Libros de Física, página 14 de 362

¡Disfruta mucho más de las maravillas del cielo nocturno!¿Sabes cuál es la diferencia entre una estrella gigante roja y una enana blanca? Meteoritos, agujeros negros, sondas espaciales o vida extraterrestre son conceptos que aparecen a menudo en las noticias, pero que a lo mejor no sabes exactamente que son o como se estudian. Tienes entre tus manos un libro estupendo para descubrir el fascinante mundo de las estrellas y los planetas y las ultimas investigaciones de la NASA, la Agencia Espacial Europea y demas instituciones que estudian los astros. Ademas, incluye graficos y mapas estelares para que no te sientas perdido en este universo.Aquellos cielos que observabas en los campamentos de veranorevive la ilusion de tusnoches de estrellas en campamentos, donde aprendiste a identifi car el Carro e incluso viste varias estrellas fugaces.Que tal vamos con los extraterrestresla vida en otros planetas es un campo de investigacion muy serio y activo en algunas instituciones cientifi cas, y tu puedes colaborar con ellas.Entra en dimensiones casi desconocidasmateria oscura, antimateria, particulas subatomicas o agujeros negros son conceptos fascinantes todavia en una fase muy inicial de estudio.Instituciones cientificas, asociaciones de aficionados, observatorios, revistas, websotros recursos en los que puedes encontrar informacion y opiniones sobre astronomia.

“Newton y la gravedad” presenta una instantánea brillante de la vida y la obra de este científico dentro de su contexto histórico, y explica, de un modo claro y accesible, el significado y la trascen

The book contains invited lectures from the International Symposium on the Anisotropic Behaviour of Damaged Materials, held in Krakow, Poland, September 9-11, 2002. Eminent researchers and world experts in the field of damage mechanics report recent achievements and state-of-the-art results in the field. The book deals with the anisotropic damage mechanics involving micromechanical aspects and thermo-mechanical coupling. The contents are both of academic interest and relevant for practical applications, especially those concerning more advanced anisotropic models of materials and the transition from the microscopic to the macroscopic level.

Els temes relacionats amb les oscil·lacions o vibracions es troben tant en les assignatures de física general dels primers cursos universitaris com en les assignatures tècniques d'especialització del

Now in its eighth edition, Fundamentals of Thermodynamics continues to offer a comprehensive and rigorous treatment of classical thermodynamics, while retaining an engineering perspective. With concise, applications-oriented discussion of topics and self-test problems the text encourages students to monitor their own comprehension. The eighth edition is updated with additional examples and end-of-chapter problems to increase student understanding. In addition, front-end Learning Objectives have been added.The text lays the groundwork for subsequent studies in fields such as fluid mechanics, heat transfer and statistical thermodynamics, and prepares students to effectively apply thermodynamics in the practice of engineering.

In this work we discuss the propagation of the wave radiation focused by the axicon, and analyze optical discharges created by laser Besselian beam in gases, fluids and on solid surfaces. We consider formation processes of discharges, properties and structures of the plasma channels. Also, we describe the methods of research of Besselian beams, breakdowns, discharges and plasmas created by the beams.The optical discharge arisen under the action of the Bessel beam field Jn(r) of solid (n = 0) or tubular (n 0) configuration turns into the plasma solid or tubular cylinder (waveguide), thereof Rayleigh length being large, Zr = d2/ 1, at the diameter of the diffraction limit. While the heating pulse front is short, the breakdown wave propagates along the beam in a mode of running focus at a velocity exceeding the light speed. The channel plasma parameters at the initial stage depend on the Besselian beam intensity level and distribution. The radial expansion velocity of the plasma channel is approximately in general agreement with the theory of cylindrical strong explosion.The channel axial symmetry provides important advantage over the plasma of spherical symmetry, for it implies effective application of magnetic field. Besselian beams can be formed by electromagnetic radiation of any frequency range, as well as by wave radiation of any other nature, e.g. acoustic.The capability of the plasma parameter distribution and that of the channel structure to be varied are important for applications. Examples of beam and plasma channel applications are considered in the book.

El libro que el lector tiene en sus manos es el tercer tomo de la obra «LA FÍSICA en el cambio de milenio». El primer capítulo está dedicado a los fundamentos teóricos y experimentales de una nueva

Combustion, the process of burning, is defined as a chemical reaction between a combustible reactant (the fuel) and an oxidizing agent (such as air) in order to produce heat and in most cases light while new chemical species (e.g., flue gas components) are formed. This book covers a gap on the market by providing a concise introduction to combustion. Most of the other books currently available are targeted towards the experienced users and contain too many details and/or contain knowledge at a fairly high level. This book provides a brief and clear overview of the combustion basics, suitable for beginners and then focuses on practical aspects, rather than theory, illustrated by a number of industrial applications as examples. The content is aimed to provide a general understanding of the various concepts, techniques and equipment for students at all level as well as practitioners with little or no prior experience in the field. The authors are all international experts in the field of combustion technology and adopt here a clear didactic style with many practical examples to cover the most common solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. The associated environmental impacts are also discussed so that readers can develop an understanding of the major issues and the options available for more sustainable combustion processes. With a foreword by Katharina Kohse-Hoinghaus

¿Cuánto calor hace en Venus? ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre un púlsar y un cuásar? ¿Hay un universo, o un multiverso? ¿Qué lugar nos corresponde dentro del esquema infinitamente grande de las cosas? ¿Como se cartografia el fondo cosmico de microondas? Y lo mas atractivo de todo: ¿hay alguien mas ahi fuera? En este libro hallara las respuestas a estas y muchas otras cuestiones de la ciencia moderna. Todos observamos el cielo, pero el viaje por los contenidos estelares de este libro dejara gratamente sorprendido a cualquiera. Una obra que concentra la pavorosa inmensidad del cosmos en pequeños bocados comprensibles para meros terricolas. El firmamento nocturno es la parte mas universal de nuestro entorno. A lo largo de la historia, la gente ha contemplado la misma boveda celeste, aunque cada cultura la haya interpretado a su manera. Desde los babilonios se han registrado patrones en los movimientos planetarios. La necesidad de contar con un calendario preciso y de navegar por los oceanos conllevo avances en la medicion del tiempo, la optica y las matematicas. De hecho, la astronomia siempre ha espoleado la tecnologia. Y, gracias a telescopios inmensos, sondas y computadoras avanzadas, la comunidad astronomica actualha descubierto el asombroso panorama cosmico que se describe en este libro. 50 descubrimientos increibles que descienden a la Tierra en no mas de dos paginas, unas 300 palabras y una imagen. Este pequeño volumen ofrece una gira por el cosmos que arroja luz sobre los objetos y lugares mas formidables, porque explica grandes ideas, conceptos y descubrimientos, y presenta a los cientificos y observadores que han trabajado tanto para esclarecer la vida, el universo y el todo. Bienvenidos a bordo.

The Encyclopedia of Thermal Stresses is an important interdisciplinary reference work. In addition to topics on thermal stresses, it contains entries on related topics, such as the theory of elasticity, heat conduction, thermodynamics, appropriate topics on applied mathematics, and topics on numerical methods. The Encyclopedia is aimed at undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and engineers. It brings together well established knowledge and recently received results. All entries were prepared by leading experts from all over the world, and are presented in an easily accessible format. The work is lavishly illustrated, examples and applications are given where appropriate, ideas for further development abound, and the work will challenge many students and researchers to pursue new results of their own. This work can also serve as a one-stop resource for all who need succinct, concise, reliable and up to date information in short encyclopedic entries, while the extensive references will be of interest to those who need further information. For the coming decade, this is likely to remain the most extensive and authoritative work on Thermal Stresses.

This excellent and novel scientific work has given an area of key research a significant step forward. The systematic documentation of the approach to describing phase transitions will facilitate further applications of the theory to important problems. | A thermodynamically consistent description of the transport across interfaces in mixtures has for a long time been an open issue. This research clarifies that the interface between a liquid and a vapor in a mixture is in local equilibrium during evaporation and condensation. It implies that the thermodynamics developed for interfaces by Gibbs can be applied also away from equilibrium, which is typically the case in reality. A description of phase transitions is of great importance for the understanding of both natural and industrial processes. For example, it is relevant for the understanding of the increase of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, or improvements of efficiency in distillation columns. This excellent work of luminescent scientific novelty has brought this area a significant step forward. The systematic documentation of the approach will facilitate further applications of the theoretical framework to important problems.

#1 "NEW YORK TIMES" BESTSELLER When and how did the universe begin? Why are we here? What is the nature of reality? Is the apparent "grand design" of our universe evidence of a benevolent creator who set things in motion--or does science offer another explanation? In this startling and lavishly illustrated book, Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow present the most recent scientific thinking about these and other abiding mysteries of the universe, in nontechnical language marked by brilliance and simplicity. According to quantum theory, the cosmos does not have just a single existence or history. The authors explain that we ourselves are the product of quantum fluctuations in the early universe, and show how quantum theory predicts the "multiverse"--the idea that ours is just one of many universes that appeared spontaneously out of nothing, each with different laws of nature. They conclude with a riveting assessment of M-theory, an explanation of the laws governing our universe that is currently the "only" viable candidate for a "theory of everything" the unified theory that Einstein was looking for, which, if confirmed, would represent the ultimate triumph of human reason.