Ebooks ciencias humanas, página 11 de 33

Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book for All and None (German: Also sprach Zarathustra: Ein Buch fur Alle und Keinen, also translated as Thus Spake Zarathustra) is a philosophical novel by German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, composed in four parts between 1883 and 1885 and published between 1883 and 1891. Much of the work deals with ideas such as the "Eternal Recurrence of the Same", the parable on the "Death of God", and the "Prophecy" of the Ubermensch, which were first introduced in The Gay Science.Described by Nietzsche himself as "The Deepest Ever Written", the book is a dense and esoteric treatise on philosophy and morality, featuring as protagonist a fictionalized Zarathustra. A central irony of the text is that the style of the Bible is used by Nietzsche to present ideas of his which fundamentally oppose Judaeo-Christian morality and tradition.Thus Spoke Zarathustra was conceived while Nietzsche was writing The Gay Science; he made a small note, reading "6,000 feet beyond man and time," as evidence of this. More specifically, this note related to the concept of the eternal recurrence, which is, by Nietzsches admission, the central idea of Zarathustra..

Por que um médico alemão deixaria a bela Heidelberg do pós-guerra para aventurar-se nos confins do Brasil dos anos 1930? Um anúncio que prometia a liberdade da prática médica bastou para que Oswald M

Cédric Delacroix nos oferece um presente raro: uma narrativa histórica reimaginada com sensibilidade poética e linguagem acessível, que aproxima o divino da experiência humana nos cenários da Roma an

Ao ler esta obra, o leitor poderá se perguntar se está diante de um texto sobre atividades físicas, reflexões psicológicas ou digressões filosóficas. O autor transita habilmente por esses campos, con

"The Static Noise Finding silence in an ecosystem designed to scream" is a survival guide for the information age. It treats digital notifications, news tickers, and social media feeds not as "content," but as "cognitive pollution" or static noise that degrades the quality of human thought. The book argues that we have lost the ability to hear our own intuition because the background volume of the world has been turned up too high.Tech-sociologist Mark Fisher explores the design ethics of the attention economy, showing how algorithms are tuned to create anxiety because anxiety drives engagement. The book offers a philosophy of "Digital Stoicism"not rejecting technology, but refusing to let it dictate ones emotional state. It provides text-based mental exercises to "tune out" the static and reclaim the mental bandwidth needed for deep reflection."The Static Noise" is for anyone who feels chronically overwhelmed but under-informed. It teaches the reader to become a gatekeeper of their own mind, filtering out the signal from the noise to find clarity in a chaotic digital landscape.

Two sophists display their dizzying array of logical fallacies in a comedic yet pointed examination of how language can be twisted to confuse rather than illuminate. Socrates narrates this encounter to Crito, detailing how the brothers Euthydemus and Dionysodorus entrap young students with verbal puzzles and semantic traps. The dialogue acts as a cautionary tale against the abuse of dialectic, distinguishing the mere game of argumentation from the serious pursuit of wisdom. It effectively highlights the danger of valuing victory in debate over the discovery of truth.

This comprehensive volume gathers the entire output of the ancient worlds most influential thinker, offering a panoramic view of his philosophical development. From the sharp, questioning tone of the early Socratic dialogues to the complex cosmologies and laws of his later years, the collection charts the course of Western thought. Readers can witness the birth of metaphysics, political theory, and ethics through the dramatic interplay of characters and ideas. It is the essential archive of the mind that shaped the intellectual history of Europe.

Aristotle treats the state as a natural organism, evolving from the family and village to facilitate the good life for its citizens. He classifies different political systemsmonarchy, aristocracy, and democracyanalyzing their virtues and their inevitable corruptions. The text discusses the distribution of power, the rule of law, and the critical role of the middle class in maintaining stability. It is a pragmatic study of governance, focusing on what is possible in the real world rather than an idealized utopia.

The nature of life itself is examined through the lens of the "psyche," or soul, which Aristotle defines as the form of a living body. He dissects the varying capacities of living things, from the nutritional powers of plants to the sensory and rational faculties of animals and humans. The work bridges biology and psychology, explaining how the mind perceives the world and how the intellect processes abstract forms. It is a crucial investigation into the relationship between the physical organism and its animating principle.

This ethical treatise proposes that the ultimate goal of human life is "eudaimonia," a state of flourishing achieved through the active exercise of virtue. Aristotle argues that character is built through habit, finding the "golden mean" between the vices of excess and deficiency. The work covers a wide range of human experience, from the nature of voluntary action to the different types of friendship and the importance of intellectual contemplation. It is a practical guide to living a good life, grounded in reason and human nature.

This dialogue presents a formidable intellectual challenge, featuring a youthful Socrates who is rigorously critiqued by the veteran philosopher Parmenides and his student Zeno. The text dissects the Theory of Forms with surgical precision, raising difficult questions about participation, likeness, and the unity of the Good. It shifts into a complex gymnastic of dialectic, exploring the necessary consequences of asserting whether "the one" exists or does not exist. This is Platos most technical and abstract work, often seen as a training manual for the highest levels of philosophical thought.

This historical document provides a granular look at the evolution of the Athenian government, detailing the specific reforms of Solon, Cleisthenes, and others. It describes the selection processes for juries and officials, offering a "behind-the-scenes" view of the worlds first democracy. The text serves as a factual counterweight to theoretical speculation, rooting political science in the actual practices of the state. It captures the complex machinery required to run a direct democracy in the ancient world.

Aristotle investigates the "first philosophy," seeking to understand the fundamental principles that govern all of existence. The text moves beyond physical observation to question the nature of substance, potentiality, and the divine intellect that moves the universe without being moved. It addresses the core questions of what it means for something to be, distinguishing between the accidental and the essential. This work remains a cornerstone of ontological inquiry, challenging the reader to grasp the underlying architecture of reality.

Aristotle formulates a system for classifying every object of human thought into ten distinct categories, such as substance, quality, and relation. This logical framework is designed to prevent ambiguity in language and to structure the way we predicate attributes to subjects. The text lays the groundwork for all deductive reasoning, establishing the rules for how we define and describe the world. It is the essential alphabet of Aristotelian logic, enabling clear and coherent argumentation.

The home of Callias becomes the setting for a dramatic showdown between Socrates and the most famous sophist of the age, Protagoras. The debate centers on the unity of the virtues and whether political skill can be taught, with the two thinkers frequently reversing their initial positions. Plato vividly dramatizes the clash between the long, eloquent speeches of the sophist and the short, incisive questions of the philosopher. The text offers a nuanced look at the relativism of the sophists and the Socratic equation of virtue with knowledge.

In this sequel to the Timaeus, Plato describes the mighty island nation of Atlantis, a civilization blessed by Poseidon but corrupted by mortal greed. The text details the citys concentric rings of water and land, its military power, and its eventual war with prehistoric Athens. The dialogue breaks off mid-sentence as Zeus prepares to punish the Atlanteans, leaving the story a tantalizing fragment. It is the origin of the Atlantis myth, serving as a warning against imperial overreach.

Set in the prison cell where Socrates spends his final moments, this dialogue transforms the tragedy of execution into a celebration of the philosophical life. The conversation focuses on four arguments for the immortality of the soul, offering a robust defense of the belief that death is merely the separation of the soul from the body. As the poison takes effect, the narrative maintains a serene and hopeful tone, emphasizing the philosophers detachment from physical concerns. It is a profoundly moving testament to the power of reason to conquer the fear of death.

In this concise analysis of dramatic art, Aristotle identifies the key components that make tragedy a powerful medium for emotional cleansing. He discusses the necessity of a unified plot, the "hamartia" or tragic flaw of the hero, and the cathartic effect of pity and fear on the audience. The text contrasts poetry with history, arguing that poetry is more philosophical because it deals with universals rather than particulars. It remains the primary source for understanding the structure and purpose of classical storytelling.

Aristotle exposes the tricks and fallacies used in competitive debate to produce the illusion of refutation without the substance of truth. He categorizes the various forms of verbal ambiguity and logical error, teaching the student how to dismantle a deceptive argument. The work serves as a defensive manual for the philosopher, protecting the integrity of dialectic against those who argue for victory rather than truth. It emphasizes the importance of precise language and valid reasoning in the pursuit of knowledge.

This work offers a variation on Aristotles ethical themes, focusing on the pursuit of the good and the role of virtue in a happy life. It examines the nature of voluntary action and moral responsibility, asking how we can be held accountable for our character. The text explores the relationship between wisdom and moral virtue, suggesting that knowing the good is intertwined with doing the good. It serves as a philosophical guide to the development of a noble and self-sufficient character.