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This series provides information on the nature of dyes, their harmful effects, and dye degrading techniques. The first volume of this series presents a fundamental concept of dye degradation. The information on target-oriented dye mitigation is intended to give readers a better understanding of the dye degradation process to sustain a healthy environment. Chapters present referenced information and highlight novel breakthroughs in the industry. Key topics: Foundations of Dye Knowledge:Evaluating ToxicityNanotechnologyElectrochemistryCatalytic Materials and PhotocatalysisMicrobial BiodegradationThis book serves as a foundational resource for researchers and students in chemistry and chemical engineering courses. It also serves as a reference for industry professionals who work with chemical dyes (for example in textile and plastic industries) and are engaged in the critical field of environmental remediation. Readership Scholars in chemistry and chemical engineering; professionals in manufacturing industries and environmental sustainability. Series Intro This series provides information on the nature of dyes, their harmful effects, and dye degrading techniques. Each volume will bring a collection of edited topics on dye degradation. The goal of the series is to provide readers with detailed knowledge about dye degradation. The editors also aim to give a broad perspective on the role of dye remediation technologies in creating a sustainable environment.

For centuries, legumes have been used as pulses or grains serving as the most critical sources of major protein/oil-producing crops for both human and animal consumption, and for providing raw materials for industrial processing. They are highly valued as soil-building crops, improving soil quality through their beneficial involvement in biological nitrogen fixation, a symbiotic partnership with rhizobia. Advances in Legume Research: Physiological Responses and Genetic Improvement for Stress Resistance serves as a unique source of information on the distinct aspects of basic and applied legume research for general readers, students, academics, and researchers. The book gives several insights on the morphological, physiological, and genetic responses to stresses via 8 concise chapters covering all aspects of legume growth, utilization, and improvement. The included chapters present research findings and succinct reviews concerning the strides continuously made in the improvement of legumes against biotic and abiotic stress factors. This comprehensive new legume reference book disseminates key information pertaining to genetic diversity, conservation, cultivation, manipulation through mutagenic techniques, plant transformation, and other breeding technologies. The book, therefore, continues to build on the need to acquire new knowledge about legume crops and ways to improve their existing agricultural yield for a sustainable and secure food market.

This reference provides comprehensive insights on the harm inflicted by pests and diseases on leguminous crops. Internationally acclaimed authors provide succinct reviews on breeding and impact of biotic stress factors such as insect pests, microbial pathogens, spiders, and vertebrate pests in legumes like soybean, cowpea, and common bean. The book also contains detailed technical analysis of methods such as the PCR-based detection, next generation sequencing / marker-assisted selections, low cost lethal-non-lethal vertebrate pest control and mechanisms of climate/nutrient induced resistance. The unique feature of this book is its focus on the optimization and development of environmentally friendly methods for pest and disease control in leguminous crops. Other features include structured sections for easy reading and a list of references for advanced readers.Key themes: Biotic Stress and Plant Resistance Biotic Stress in Legumes (Cowpea and Soybean) Diagnostic and Control Methods for Microbial Plant Pathogens Viral Diseases of Legumes and Management: Vertebrate Pests in Legumes and Economic Implications Spiders in Legume Agroecosystems Climate-Driven Factors and Insect Pests of Legumes Sustainable Crop Nutrition for Biotic Stress Alleviation in Legumes Physiological Responses in Legumes to Combined Stress FactorsReadership Researchers and professionals in legume agriculture; scholars in the field of plant science and agriculture

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field. This volume presents the following reviews:Asymmetric hydrogenation of tetrasubstituted olefinsRecent advances in catalytic organic synthesis applications of covalently supported ionic liquidsRecent developments in intramolecular cyclization reactions via carbon-heteroatom (c-x) bond formationEfficient synthetic protocol and mechanistic study of quinazoline analogues and their biological importanceSynthesis of N,O,S-heterocycles by one-pot reactions of epoxides, aziridines and oxaziridines

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field. This volume presents the following reviews:Recent Progress on Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Flavanones, Chromanones, and ChromenesSupramolecular Chemistry of Modified Amino Acids and Short PeptidesThe Use of Nanocatalysts in the Synthesis of Heterocycles: A Contemporary ApproachSynthesis and Applications of 1,2,3-TriazolesRing CH Functionalization of Aromatic N-Oxides

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field. This volume presents the following reviews:Recent Progress on Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Flavanones, Chromanones, and ChromenesSupramolecular Chemistry of Modified Amino Acids and Short PeptidesThe Use of Nanocatalysts in the Synthesis of Heterocycles: A Contemporary ApproachSynthesis and Applications of 1,2,3-TriazolesRing CH Functionalization of Aromatic N-Oxides

Advances in Organic Synthesis is abook series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towardschallenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written byeminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected targetmolecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetictransformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesisis essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish tokeep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field. This volume presents the following reviews:Electroluminescent polymers - a review on synthesis from organic compoundsRemarkable advances in the asymmetric synthesis of biologically active natural compounds from the advent of chiral auxiliariesThe chemistry of ynamides and their application in organic synthesisCarbon-heteroatom bond formation for medium ring heterocyclesTin(ii) salts: versatile and efficient lewis acid catalysts in reactions to add value to the glycerol and terpenic alcohols(E)-n-methyl-1-(methylthio)-2-nitroethenamine (nmsm) as a versatile ambiphilic synthon in organic synthesis

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field. This volume presents the following chapters:- On Water And In Water Strategies for Heterocyclic Transformations- Ionic Liquid Based Polyoxometalates as Functionalized Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials for Catalytic Organic Reactions- Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Bio-Applications of some Oxygen and Sulphur Containing Seven Membered Heterocyclic Compounds- Application of Nitriles on the Synthesis of 5-Membered Azaheterocycles: An Update from 2014 To 2020- The Role of Carbon-Based Solid Acid Catalysts in Organic Synthesis

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field. Contents of this volume include these 7 reviews: - Recent advances in copper-catalyzed heterocyclic syntheses- Application of modern green chemistry methods in the synthesis of quinolines, quinazolines and quinazolinones- Electroluminescence polymers-a review on synthesis by organic compounds- Multicomponent approach for the synthesis of xanthenes- From atoms to macromolecules: 100 years of polymer research- An overview of oxidizing and reducing agents in total synthesis- Amino acid-derived ionic liquids: novel biodegradable catalytic systems for green synthesis of heterocycles

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field. Contents of this volume include these 6 reviews: - Multicomponent synthesis of heterocycles by microwave irradiation- Stereoselective procedures for the synthesis of olefines- Advanced microwave assisted organic synthesis method in organic chemistry- Five and six-membered n-heterocycle rings from diaminomaleonitrile- Peptidomimetics: current and future perspectives on hiv protease inhibitors- A review on synthesis, chemistry, and medicinal properties of benzothiazines and their related scaffolds

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. It presents comprehensive articles written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations. Contributions are written by eminent scientists and each volume is edited by an authority in the field. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in the academia and industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. It presents comprehensive articles written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations. Contributions are written by eminent scientists and each volume is edited by an authority in the field. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in the academia and industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field. This volume presents reviews on the following topics:Small molecules that influence protein foldingRecent advances in peptide and protein synthesisBioorthogonal coupling for imaging and radiotherapyXanthenedione synthesisHeterogeneous catalysis in organic synthesis

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. It presents comprehensive articles written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations. Contributions are written by eminent scientists and each volume is edited by an authority in the field. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field. This volume presents the following reviews:Catalytic Tandem Reactions Triggered by the Introduction of a Carbonyl FunctionSynthetic Applications of Bifunctional Knolker Type Iron Complexes as (De)hydrogenation CatalystsSuperelectrophilic Activation of Alkynes, Alkenes, and AllenesChitosan and its Derivatives: Synthesis Strategy and ApplicationsSynthesis of N-Containing Heterocycles via Hypervalent Iodine(III)-Mediated Intramolecular Oxidative CyclizationAdvancements in Ionic Liquids for the Formation of Morita Baylis-Hillman Adducts

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field. This volume presents the following reviews:Asymmetric hydrogenation of tetrasubstituted olefinsRecent advances in catalytic organic synthesis applications of covalently supported ionic liquidsRecent developments in intramolecular cyclization reactions via carbon-heteroatom (c-x) bond formationEfficient synthetic protocol and mechanistic study of quinazoline analogues and their biological importanceSynthesis of N,O,S-heterocycles by one-pot reactions of epoxides, aziridines and oxaziridines

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field. Volume 18 presents 7 reviews focused on ionic materials, nanoparticles and nitrogen containing heterocycles in organic synthesis. - Recent synthetic and biological advances in anti-cancer ferrocene-analogues and hybrids - Synthesis of fused nitrogenated heterocycles: intramolecular povarov reaction - Use of barbituric acid as a precursor for the synthesis of bioactive compound - Ionic liquids as solvents and/or catalysts for organic synthesis - Zinc oxide nanomaterials for biomedical applications - Superhydrophobic polymeric nanocomposites coatings for effective corrosion protection - Morphologies and properties of virgin and waste PP nanocomposites

Determining the presence of different types of toxic compounds (or xenobiotics) in food requires precise analytical methodologies. Examples of these techniques include separation techniques coupled to mass spectrometry, Variations in methods used depend on the physicochemical properties of each xenobiotic being tested for.Advances in the Determination of Xenobiotics in Foods explains recent developments in the field of xenobiotic determination in food. Readers are introduced to xenobiotic testing techniques through extensive reviews. Chapters also cover details about contaminants coming from food contact materials (such as plasticizers, food additives, polymer monomers/oligomers and non-intentionally added substances), substances used for food processing and sensing (nanoparticles), and residues of pesticides (that can also be present in the final food product). The book also includes information about specific xenobiotics that, due to their global distribution in the environment, are also likely to enter the food chain. Some of them are regulated (persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals) but there are many other types of contaminants (halogenated flame-retardants, perfluorinated compounds and micro- and nanoplastics) that must also be controlled. In addition, some xenobiotics could be present in the final food consumed because of food treatments (acrylamide, furan, heterocyclic aromatic amines, and glycidol esters). Finally, the concluding chapters of the book are devoted to the presence of natural contaminants such as mycotoxins and biogenic amines.The combination of extensive information of analytical techniques for xenobiotics along with a categorical treatment of food contaminants makes this volume a handy reference for food science and technology students and technicians involved in food safety and processing management roles.

Aerospace engineering encompasses a broad range of disciplines, including aerodynamics, which studies how air flows around objects like aircraft wings; propulsion systems, which power vehicles through the atmosphere or space; materials science, which focuses on developing lightweight yet durable materials for aerospace applications; and avionics, which involves designing and implementing electronic systems for navigation, communication, and control.Additionally, aerospace engineers work on structural design to ensure that vehicles can withstand the stresses of flight and space travel, as well as thermal management to regulate temperatures in extreme environments. They also contribute to the development of guidance and control systems to maintain stability and control during flight.Moreover, aerospace engineering extends beyond Earths atmosphere, with space exploration being a significant area of focus. This includes designing spacecraft for missions to satellites, communication and observation, etc. Overall, aerospace engineering plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of the universe and expanding our capabilities beyond the confines of our planet.

African Meteorites is a comprehensive exploration of meteorite falls and finds across the arid and hot regions of the African continent, offering profound insights into a significant collection of meteorites, second only to Antarctica. The book is divided into seven chapters, covering the origin and formation of meteorites, statistical analyses of meteorite falls in African countries, classes and mass distribution of meteorite finds, allocation and renaming of North West African (NWA) meteorites, exceptional and rare meteorite falls and finds in Eastern Morocco Sahara, protocols for recognizing, recovering, and preserving meteorites in Sahara, and a review of confirmed and proposed meteorite falls, finds, and impact structures in Egypt, Sudan, and Libya. With detailed and updated references complementing the simple presentation, this book is an invaluable resource for meteoriticists, hunters, museums, astronomers, students, and geology and astronomy enthusiasts, on the origin, characteristics, and collection of meteorites discovered in Africa. Key Themes: Meteorite origin, formation, and classificationMeteorite falls and finds in AfricaUnique features of North West Africa (NWA) meteoritesRare and exceptional meteorite falls and finds in Eastern Morocco SaharaProtocols for recognizing and preserving meteorites in the SaharaMeteorite falls, finds, and impact structures in Egypt, Sudan, and LibyaReadership: Meteoriticists, geologists, mineralogists, historians, researchers and general readers.

Even in the third decade of the twenty-first century, it is still harder for women to make a career in science than men. Two centuries ago, however, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, when science as we know it was just getting started, the situation was far worse. Then, the very notion of a female scientist would have been regarded as something of an oxymoron.From bestselling and award-winning science writers John and Mary Gribbin, Against the Odds highlights the achievements of women who overcame hurdles and achieved scientific success (although not always as much as they deserved) in spite of male prejudice, as society changed over about 150 years, from the middle of the nineteenth century to the end of the twentieth century.There is Eunice Newton Foote, who discovered the carbon dioxide greenhouse effect; Chien-Shiung Wu, who discovered the law which allows matter to exist in the Universe today; and Barbara McClintock, who discovered how genes turn on and off.With a foreword from astrophysicist Jocelyn Bell Burnell, this book is not only a cautionary tale about the stifling effects of prejudice against women in science, but is a celebration of those who achieved success against the odds - and an inspiration for the next generation.

Hace muchos, muchos años, en un momento en que a las mujeres no se les permitía estudiar, y menos trabajar en lo que deseaban, un médico fue denunciado injustamente por seducir a sus pacientes. A punto de ser declarado culpable, el muchacho de pelo raro se arranco la barba y el bigote que cubrian su cara y descubrio ante todos que era, en realidad, una mujer. Asi tuvo que disfrazarse Agnodice, esta valiente joven ateniense, para lograr ejercer la medicina. Su teson y su coraje supusieron una conquista para los derechos de la mujer.