eBooks de Historia de la ciencia, página 4 de 63

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. It presents comprehensive articles written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations. Contributions are written by eminent scientists and each volume is edited by an authority in the field. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in the academia and industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field. This volume presents reviews on the following topics:Small molecules that influence protein foldingRecent advances in peptide and protein synthesisBioorthogonal coupling for imaging and radiotherapyXanthenedione synthesisHeterogeneous catalysis in organic synthesis

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. It presents comprehensive articles written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations. Contributions are written by eminent scientists and each volume is edited by an authority in the field. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field. This volume presents the following reviews:Catalytic Tandem Reactions Triggered by the Introduction of a Carbonyl FunctionSynthetic Applications of Bifunctional Knolker Type Iron Complexes as (De)hydrogenation CatalystsSuperelectrophilic Activation of Alkynes, Alkenes, and AllenesChitosan and its Derivatives: Synthesis Strategy and ApplicationsSynthesis of N-Containing Heterocycles via Hypervalent Iodine(III)-Mediated Intramolecular Oxidative CyclizationAdvancements in Ionic Liquids for the Formation of Morita Baylis-Hillman Adducts

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field. This volume presents the following reviews:Asymmetric hydrogenation of tetrasubstituted olefinsRecent advances in catalytic organic synthesis applications of covalently supported ionic liquidsRecent developments in intramolecular cyclization reactions via carbon-heteroatom (c-x) bond formationEfficient synthetic protocol and mechanistic study of quinazoline analogues and their biological importanceSynthesis of N,O,S-heterocycles by one-pot reactions of epoxides, aziridines and oxaziridines

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field. Volume 18 presents 7 reviews focused on ionic materials, nanoparticles and nitrogen containing heterocycles in organic synthesis. - Recent synthetic and biological advances in anti-cancer ferrocene-analogues and hybrids - Synthesis of fused nitrogenated heterocycles: intramolecular povarov reaction - Use of barbituric acid as a precursor for the synthesis of bioactive compound - Ionic liquids as solvents and/or catalysts for organic synthesis - Zinc oxide nanomaterials for biomedical applications - Superhydrophobic polymeric nanocomposites coatings for effective corrosion protection - Morphologies and properties of virgin and waste PP nanocomposites

Determining the presence of different types of toxic compounds (or xenobiotics) in food requires precise analytical methodologies. Examples of these techniques include separation techniques coupled to mass spectrometry, Variations in methods used depend on the physicochemical properties of each xenobiotic being tested for.Advances in the Determination of Xenobiotics in Foods explains recent developments in the field of xenobiotic determination in food. Readers are introduced to xenobiotic testing techniques through extensive reviews. Chapters also cover details about contaminants coming from food contact materials (such as plasticizers, food additives, polymer monomers/oligomers and non-intentionally added substances), substances used for food processing and sensing (nanoparticles), and residues of pesticides (that can also be present in the final food product). The book also includes information about specific xenobiotics that, due to their global distribution in the environment, are also likely to enter the food chain. Some of them are regulated (persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals) but there are many other types of contaminants (halogenated flame-retardants, perfluorinated compounds and micro- and nanoplastics) that must also be controlled. In addition, some xenobiotics could be present in the final food consumed because of food treatments (acrylamide, furan, heterocyclic aromatic amines, and glycidol esters). Finally, the concluding chapters of the book are devoted to the presence of natural contaminants such as mycotoxins and biogenic amines.The combination of extensive information of analytical techniques for xenobiotics along with a categorical treatment of food contaminants makes this volume a handy reference for food science and technology students and technicians involved in food safety and processing management roles.

Aerospace engineering encompasses a broad range of disciplines, including aerodynamics, which studies how air flows around objects like aircraft wings; propulsion systems, which power vehicles through the atmosphere or space; materials science, which focuses on developing lightweight yet durable materials for aerospace applications; and avionics, which involves designing and implementing electronic systems for navigation, communication, and control.Additionally, aerospace engineers work on structural design to ensure that vehicles can withstand the stresses of flight and space travel, as well as thermal management to regulate temperatures in extreme environments. They also contribute to the development of guidance and control systems to maintain stability and control during flight.Moreover, aerospace engineering extends beyond Earths atmosphere, with space exploration being a significant area of focus. This includes designing spacecraft for missions to satellites, communication and observation, etc. Overall, aerospace engineering plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of the universe and expanding our capabilities beyond the confines of our planet.

African Meteorites is a comprehensive exploration of meteorite falls and finds across the arid and hot regions of the African continent, offering profound insights into a significant collection of meteorites, second only to Antarctica. The book is divided into seven chapters, covering the origin and formation of meteorites, statistical analyses of meteorite falls in African countries, classes and mass distribution of meteorite finds, allocation and renaming of North West African (NWA) meteorites, exceptional and rare meteorite falls and finds in Eastern Morocco Sahara, protocols for recognizing, recovering, and preserving meteorites in Sahara, and a review of confirmed and proposed meteorite falls, finds, and impact structures in Egypt, Sudan, and Libya. With detailed and updated references complementing the simple presentation, this book is an invaluable resource for meteoriticists, hunters, museums, astronomers, students, and geology and astronomy enthusiasts, on the origin, characteristics, and collection of meteorites discovered in Africa. Key Themes: Meteorite origin, formation, and classificationMeteorite falls and finds in AfricaUnique features of North West Africa (NWA) meteoritesRare and exceptional meteorite falls and finds in Eastern Morocco SaharaProtocols for recognizing and preserving meteorites in the SaharaMeteorite falls, finds, and impact structures in Egypt, Sudan, and LibyaReadership: Meteoriticists, geologists, mineralogists, historians, researchers and general readers.

Banana farming is the basis for commercial fruit trading. Every banana plant generates waste biomass nearly ten times the quantity of its fruits. Disposal of waste biomass is a burden for the farmers. Economical use of the waste biomass can bring financial benefit to banana farmers. Use of organic potash in lieu of inorganic potash affords higher yield and also helps to preserve the ecosphere of soil for subsequent crops. Agricultural Benefits of Postharvest Banana Plants details the use of postharvest banana plants for agriculture and trade. Eleven chapters explain both traditional and modern uses of banana plants. The reader is informed how bio-waste from postharvest banana plants (including their stems) can be used as organic potash to replace inorganic potash (muriate of potash) in fertilizer. Experimental uses of banana plant pseudo-stem juice for growing different crops along with chemical analysis of the pseudo-stems are explained in separate chapters. Isolations of potassium chloride and potassium carbonate have also been discussed in the latter part of the book. This book is an ideal handbook for professionals and trainees interested in utilizing postharvest banana plants for sustainable agriculture and trade. The information is also useful for students and teachers involved in agricultural biotechnology and traditional agriculture courses.

This volume brings together a diverse set of new studies--archaeological, ethnohistoric, and ethnographic--that focus on agricultural intensification and hydraulic systems around the world. Fifteen chapters--written by many of the worlds leading experts--combine extensive regional overviews of agricultural histories with in-depth case studies. In this volume are chapters on agriculture in the Middle East, South Asia, Europe, Oceania, Mesoamerica, and South America. A wide range of theoretical perspectives and approaches are used to provide a framework for agricultural land-use and water management in a variety of cultural and historical contexts. This book covers the co-evolutionary relationships among sociopolitical structure, agriculture, land-use, and water control. Agricultural Strategies is an invaluable resource for those engaged in ongoing debates about the role of intensification and agriculture in the past and present.

Despite the current technological advancement, agriculture being a vital source of livelihood, was essentially dependent on weather and climate, and is adversely affected by the weather and climate related extreme events. Over the past few decades, extreme events such as droughts, floods, storms, tropical cyclones and forest fires have destroyed economic and social infrastructure and at the same time endangered food security. The agricultural sector is affected through the impact on water resources, damage to crops, rangelands and forests due to incidence of droughts, locust plagues and wilde and fires. Given the current recognition of the importance of preparedness to cope with risks and uncertainties associated with climate extremes, it is important to develop suitable and sustainable strategies to alleviate the impact of natural disasters on crop productivity. Improved forecast accuracy and more focused information on the location, intensity and duration of climate extremes could underpin efforts to implement more effective risk management strategies. It is crucial that governments exercise their sovereign responsibility to prepare and issue early warnings of extreme events in a timely and effective manner to reduce their impact on agricultural production. While natural hazards may not be avoided, integration of risk assessment and early warnings, prevention and mitigation measures including community capacity building and livelihood strategies, can prevent them from becoming disasters. There is also a need to develop locally agrometeorological adaptation strategies to reduce the effect of natural disasters especially in vulnerable regions where food and fibre production is most sensitive and vulnerable to climatic fluctuations. This proposed book based on state of the art knowledge on the science and application of agricultural meteorology needed to better cope with extreme climate events, should be of interest to all organizations and agencies engaged in planning disaster reduction strategies and management for prevention and mitigation of extreme events. The publication will also be of equal interest to the agrometeorologists of the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services of the countries throughout the globe as well as to the agricultural planners, meteorologists associated with public weather services, forest fire forecasters, and the various departments of governments concerned with agriculture and food production.Contents:1. Agrometeorology in Extreme Events and Natural Disasters An Overview2. Drought and Desertification3. Irrigation Scheduling to Combat Moisture Deficit in Plants4. Heavy Rains, Floods, Hail and Snow and their Impact on Agriculture5. Tropical Cyclones, Storm Surges, Thunderstorms, Tornadoes and Squalls: Implications for Agriculture6. Agrometeorology Related to Extreme Temperatures, Heat Waves and Frost7. Wind Storms and Sand/Dust Storms and their Effect on Environment and Plants8. Forest- and Bush-Fire and their Impact on the Environment9. Pests and Diseases of Crops and Livestock10. Environmental and Agricultural Implications of Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Volcanic Eruptions11. Community Capacity Building and Livelihood Strategies in Disaster Management and Mitigation of Adverse Impacts on Agricultural Sector12. Role of Agricultural Chemicals on Soil, Water and Air Pollution and their Effects on Plants, Livestock and Aquatic Systems13. Climate Change, Extreme Events and Change in Cry...

Una manzana cae, los planetas giran majestuosamente alrededor del Sol, el remolino de un agujero negro ejerce su atracción fatal (¡y es fotografiado directamente por primera vez!), diminutas ondas gravitacionales fluctuan en el tejido invisible del espacio-tiempo. Estamos ante distintas expresiones de la enigmatica fuerza de la gravedad. ¿Como la entiende la ciencia desde Newton hasta Einstein, pasando por los intentos de descifrarla en la escala de la gravedad cuantica? ¿Como la retrata la literatura y el cine? ¿Que reflexiones filosoficas nos despierta?. En este libro Gerardo Herrera nos habla de uno de los descubrimientos cientificos mas importantes de este siglo, la deteccion de las ondas gravitacionales, asi como de los agujeros negros, a los que estan intimamente ligadas. Empezando con las ideas de Galileo y Newton, el libro nos guia hacia la relatividad de Einstein, la curvatura del espacio-tiempo, los agujeros negros y las ondas gravitacionales. El autor nos lleva despues por el camino de las teorias de unificacion que intentan reconciliar la vision de Einstein de la gravedad con la mecanica cuantica, y nos introduce a los conceptos de la teoria de cuerdas y la gravedad cuantica. Finalmente, Herrera explora la relacion de nuestras modernas teorias fisicas con el cine y la literatura, para concluir con una vision filosofica sobre la naturaleza del tiempo y el destino del Universo. Este es sin duda un libro apasionante que nos habla de una de las grandes aventuras del pensamiento humano, que debe leer cualquiera que este interesado en entender los ultimos grandes avances de la fisica, la cosmologia y la astrofisica.

Livre de tous les superlatifs, le Zarathoustra de Nietzsche continue de fasciner, 120 ans après sa première publication. Par son écriture, dabord, qui rappelle, à bien des égards, la Bible et sa dime

Discover true-to-life stories of figures across the globe whose determination, dreams and hard work allowed greatness in their fields. From politics to the Nobel Peace Prize, each remarkable individual offers a unique story of grit that will resonate with readers of all ages to inspire grit for greatness.Albert Einsteins career led to the innovation of many aspects in the world of math and science. His research, mathematical equations, and theories opened so many doors to so many possibilities that scientists today are still researching about and finding ways to prove. Einsteins life was not easy. He could have taken the easy route many times, but he never did. Instead, he fought for his beliefs, his research, and even for his rights. Einstein, commonly known as a mathematician and scientist, is so much more than his contributions to science. He was a man who epitomized perseverance and integrity.Features Inside This Book: Wholesome and inspiring for readers ages 8-14 years old Non-fiction chapter books perfect for the family Easy to read stories any young reader can enjoy True-to-life stories that challenge young readers to aspire for greatness Extras of quiz questions and discussion prompts for material digestionTheres something for everyone in this series so start reading and discover that dreams can come true even in real life. Sometimes, those dreams will change the world for the better.Scroll up and click Add to Cart to grab your copy and start a journey of learning!

Edible algae, including seaweeds, are a source of functional food, dietary supplements, metabolites and bioactive compounds. Algal-based functional foods have potential health benefits, and their commercial value depends on their applications in the food and nutraceutical industries. This book covers several aspects of algal based functional foods. It informs the reader about algal cultivation techniques, environmental impact, habitat, nutraceutical potential, extraction of bioactive metabolites, functional-food composition, bio-prospection, culture-induced nutraceutical compounds, algae-based bio-packaging, algal-biorefinery, toxicity, trends and future prospects. The editors present the topics in a research-oriented format while citing scholarly references. This book is a comprehensive resource for anyone interested in the nutritional benefits and industrial utilization of algae as a sustainable food source.

¿Cómo acercar a los niños y jóvenes al maravilloso mundo de la ciencia? Si bien enseñar ciencias naturales no se reduce a hacer experimentos, el laboratorio (o el aula, transformada en laboratorio) constituye un recurso de gran valor para que los alumnos se apropien de contenidos cientificos.La obra incluye 100 experiencias para abordar diferentes ejes tematicos, una fundamentacion didactica acerca de la importancia de los trabajos practicos de laboratorio y el analisis de ejemplos de diseños experimentales elaborados por educadores.De este modo, se propicia que los contenidos resulten atractivos para los estudiantes, y los docentes cuenten con un soporte teorico solido, sencillo y coherente.En los anexos, el lector encontrara recomendaciones acerca de la infraestructura, las normas de seguridad e higiene, el equipamiento basico y los materiales necesarios para organizar un laboratorio escolar.El contenido del libro propone favorecer la motivacion, enseñar tecnicas especificas, promover actitudes vinculadas con la investigacion y desarrollar una vision no estereotipada de la ciencia.

Um mergulho interdisciplinar na origem e no uso dos algoritmos de nossos computadores e celulares, com dicas valiosas que nos ajudam a enfrentar problemas do dia a dia.Quando ouvimos falar em algoritmos, em geral pensamos em programas de computador que esto fazendo algum trabalho em nosso lugar. No entanto, os algoritmos series de passos usadas para resolver problemas tem sido parte de nossas vidas desde a Idade da Pedra.Explicando com clareza problemas matematicos celebres e descrevendo a origem e o funcionamento de varios algoritmos, o jornalista Brian Christian e o professor de psicologia e ciencia cognitiva Tom Griffiths nos mostram que tanto seres humanos como computadores enfrentam limites e dificuldades para resolver problemas. Mais do que apontar os melhores caminhos para otimizar tarefas, este livro ilumina aspectos surpreendentes do funcionamento da mente humana, de nossas emoçes e de nosso comportamento.Com o apoio de pesquisas multidisciplinares e de entrevistas com especialistas de diversas areas, Algoritmos para viver e um mergulho revelador nos processos matematicos que regem parte cada vez maior de nossa vida cotidiana.

There is a manuscript of Maharsi Bharadvaja titled Amsu-bodhini (with a commentary of Bodhananda) at the library of Oriental Institute, Vadodara (Baroda). In the introductory passages, it is said that in the original text of Bharadvaja, the aphorisms of Amsu-bodhini are divided into twelve chapters having one thousand sections. In order to make it understandable, Bodhananda wrote a commentary on it. Actually the available manuscript is the first chapter of the work, having a commentary over the first 50 aphorisms of Maharsi Bharadvdja. The title of this chapter is Srstvadhikarah i.e. the Evolution of the Universe. Description of aphorisms in first chapter describes creation of Solar system.

The second law of thermodynamics is an example of the fundamental laws that govern our universe and is relevant to every branch of science exploring the physical world. This reference summarizes knowledge and concepts about the second law of thermodynamics and entropy. A verbatim explanation of chemical thermodynamics is presented by the author, making this text easy to understand for chemistry students, researchers, non-experts, and educators.

Electricity was the scientific fashion of the Enlightenment, an Entertainment for Angels, rather than for Men. Lecturers attracted huge audiences to marvel at sparkling fountains, flaming drinks, pirouetting dancers and electrified boys. Enlightenment optimists predicted that this new-found power of nature would cure illnesses, improve crop production, even bring the dead back to life. Benjamin Franklin, better known as one of Americas founding fathers, played a key role in developing the new instruments and theories of electricity during the eighteenth century. Celebrated for drawing lightning down from the sky with a kite, Franklin was an Enlightenment expert on electricity, developing one of the most successful explanations of this mysterious phenomenon. But Patricia Fara, Senior Tutor of Clare College Cambridge, reveals how the study of electricity became intertwined with Enlightenment politics. By demonstrating their control of the natural world, Enlightenment philosophers hoped to gain authority over society. And their stunning electrical performances provided dramatic evidence of their special powers.

One principal cause of the little attention paid to Entomology in this country, has doubtless been the ridicule so often thrown upon the science. The botanist, sheltered now by the sanction of fashion, as formerly by the prescriptive union of his study with medicine, may dedicate his hours to mosses and lichens without reproach; but in the minds of most men, the learned as well as the vulgar, the idea of the trifling nature of his pursuit is so strongly associated with that of the diminutive size of its objects, that an entomologist is synonymous with every thing futile and childish. Now, when so many other roads to fame and distinction are open, when a man has merely to avow himself a botanist, a mineralogist, or a chemista student of classical literature or of political economyto ensure attention and respect, there are evidently no great attractions to lead him to a science which in nine companies out of ten with which he may associate promises to signalize him only as an object of pity or contempt. Even if he have no other aim than self-gratification, yet "the sternest stoic of us all wishes at least for some one to enter into his views and feelings, and confirm him in the opinion which he entertains of himself:" but how can he look for sympathy in a pursuit unknown to the world, except as indicative of littleness of mind?