eBooks de Historia de la ciencia, página 4 de 61

Determining the presence of different types of toxic compounds (or xenobiotics) in food requires precise analytical methodologies. Examples of these techniques include separation techniques coupled to mass spectrometry, Variations in methods used depend on the physicochemical properties of each xenobiotic being tested for.Advances in the Determination of Xenobiotics in Foods explains recent developments in the field of xenobiotic determination in food. Readers are introduced to xenobiotic testing techniques through extensive reviews. Chapters also cover details about contaminants coming from food contact materials (such as plasticizers, food additives, polymer monomers/oligomers and non-intentionally added substances), substances used for food processing and sensing (nanoparticles), and residues of pesticides (that can also be present in the final food product). The book also includes information about specific xenobiotics that, due to their global distribution in the environment, are also likely to enter the food chain. Some of them are regulated (persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals) but there are many other types of contaminants (halogenated flame-retardants, perfluorinated compounds and micro- and nanoplastics) that must also be controlled. In addition, some xenobiotics could be present in the final food consumed because of food treatments (acrylamide, furan, heterocyclic aromatic amines, and glycidol esters). Finally, the concluding chapters of the book are devoted to the presence of natural contaminants such as mycotoxins and biogenic amines.The combination of extensive information of analytical techniques for xenobiotics along with a categorical treatment of food contaminants makes this volume a handy reference for food science and technology students and technicians involved in food safety and processing management roles.

Aerospace engineering encompasses a broad range of disciplines, including aerodynamics, which studies how air flows around objects like aircraft wings; propulsion systems, which power vehicles through the atmosphere or space; materials science, which focuses on developing lightweight yet durable materials for aerospace applications; and avionics, which involves designing and implementing electronic systems for navigation, communication, and control.Additionally, aerospace engineers work on structural design to ensure that vehicles can withstand the stresses of flight and space travel, as well as thermal management to regulate temperatures in extreme environments. They also contribute to the development of guidance and control systems to maintain stability and control during flight.Moreover, aerospace engineering extends beyond Earths atmosphere, with space exploration being a significant area of focus. This includes designing spacecraft for missions to satellites, communication and observation, etc. Overall, aerospace engineering plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of the universe and expanding our capabilities beyond the confines of our planet.

African Meteorites is a comprehensive exploration of meteorite falls and finds across the arid and hot regions of the African continent, offering profound insights into a significant collection of meteorites, second only to Antarctica. The book is divided into seven chapters, covering the origin and formation of meteorites, statistical analyses of meteorite falls in African countries, classes and mass distribution of meteorite finds, allocation and renaming of North West African (NWA) meteorites, exceptional and rare meteorite falls and finds in Eastern Morocco Sahara, protocols for recognizing, recovering, and preserving meteorites in Sahara, and a review of confirmed and proposed meteorite falls, finds, and impact structures in Egypt, Sudan, and Libya. With detailed and updated references complementing the simple presentation, this book is an invaluable resource for meteoriticists, hunters, museums, astronomers, students, and geology and astronomy enthusiasts, on the origin, characteristics, and collection of meteorites discovered in Africa. Key Themes: Meteorite origin, formation, and classificationMeteorite falls and finds in AfricaUnique features of North West Africa (NWA) meteoritesRare and exceptional meteorite falls and finds in Eastern Morocco SaharaProtocols for recognizing and preserving meteorites in the SaharaMeteorite falls, finds, and impact structures in Egypt, Sudan, and LibyaReadership: Meteoriticists, geologists, mineralogists, historians, researchers and general readers.

Banana farming is the basis for commercial fruit trading. Every banana plant generates waste biomass nearly ten times the quantity of its fruits. Disposal of waste biomass is a burden for the farmers. Economical use of the waste biomass can bring financial benefit to banana farmers. Use of organic potash in lieu of inorganic potash affords higher yield and also helps to preserve the ecosphere of soil for subsequent crops. Agricultural Benefits of Postharvest Banana Plants details the use of postharvest banana plants for agriculture and trade. Eleven chapters explain both traditional and modern uses of banana plants. The reader is informed how bio-waste from postharvest banana plants (including their stems) can be used as organic potash to replace inorganic potash (muriate of potash) in fertilizer. Experimental uses of banana plant pseudo-stem juice for growing different crops along with chemical analysis of the pseudo-stems are explained in separate chapters. Isolations of potassium chloride and potassium carbonate have also been discussed in the latter part of the book. This book is an ideal handbook for professionals and trainees interested in utilizing postharvest banana plants for sustainable agriculture and trade. The information is also useful for students and teachers involved in agricultural biotechnology and traditional agriculture courses.

Despite the current technological advancement, agriculture being a vital source of livelihood, was essentially dependent on weather and climate, and is adversely affected by the weather and climate related extreme events. Over the past few decades, extreme events such as droughts, floods, storms, tropical cyclones and forest fires have destroyed economic and social infrastructure and at the same time endangered food security. The agricultural sector is affected through the impact on water resources, damage to crops, rangelands and forests due to incidence of droughts, locust plagues and wilde and fires. Given the current recognition of the importance of preparedness to cope with risks and uncertainties associated with climate extremes, it is important to develop suitable and sustainable strategies to alleviate the impact of natural disasters on crop productivity. Improved forecast accuracy and more focused information on the location, intensity and duration of climate extremes could underpin efforts to implement more effective risk management strategies. It is crucial that governments exercise their sovereign responsibility to prepare and issue early warnings of extreme events in a timely and effective manner to reduce their impact on agricultural production. While natural hazards may not be avoided, integration of risk assessment and early warnings, prevention and mitigation measures including community capacity building and livelihood strategies, can prevent them from becoming disasters. There is also a need to develop locally agrometeorological adaptation strategies to reduce the effect of natural disasters especially in vulnerable regions where food and fibre production is most sensitive and vulnerable to climatic fluctuations. This proposed book based on state of the art knowledge on the science and application of agricultural meteorology needed to better cope with extreme climate events, should be of interest to all organizations and agencies engaged in planning disaster reduction strategies and management for prevention and mitigation of extreme events. The publication will also be of equal interest to the agrometeorologists of the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services of the countries throughout the globe as well as to the agricultural planners, meteorologists associated with public weather services, forest fire forecasters, and the various departments of governments concerned with agriculture and food production.Contents:1. Agrometeorology in Extreme Events and Natural Disasters An Overview2. Drought and Desertification3. Irrigation Scheduling to Combat Moisture Deficit in Plants4. Heavy Rains, Floods, Hail and Snow and their Impact on Agriculture5. Tropical Cyclones, Storm Surges, Thunderstorms, Tornadoes and Squalls: Implications for Agriculture6. Agrometeorology Related to Extreme Temperatures, Heat Waves and Frost7. Wind Storms and Sand/Dust Storms and their Effect on Environment and Plants8. Forest- and Bush-Fire and their Impact on the Environment9. Pests and Diseases of Crops and Livestock10. Environmental and Agricultural Implications of Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Volcanic Eruptions11. Community Capacity Building and Livelihood Strategies in Disaster Management and Mitigation of Adverse Impacts on Agricultural Sector12. Role of Agricultural Chemicals on Soil, Water and Air Pollution and their Effects on Plants, Livestock and Aquatic Systems13. Climate Change, Extreme Events and Change in Cry...

Una manzana cae, los planetas giran majestuosamente alrededor del Sol, el remolino de un agujero negro ejerce su atracción fatal (¡y es fotografiado directamente por primera vez!), diminutas ondas gravitacionales fluctuan en el tejido invisible del espacio-tiempo. Estamos ante distintas expresiones de la enigmatica fuerza de la gravedad. ¿Como la entiende la ciencia desde Newton hasta Einstein, pasando por los intentos de descifrarla en la escala de la gravedad cuantica? ¿Como la retrata la literatura y el cine? ¿Que reflexiones filosoficas nos despierta?. En este libro Gerardo Herrera nos habla de uno de los descubrimientos cientificos mas importantes de este siglo, la deteccion de las ondas gravitacionales, asi como de los agujeros negros, a los que estan intimamente ligadas. Empezando con las ideas de Galileo y Newton, el libro nos guia hacia la relatividad de Einstein, la curvatura del espacio-tiempo, los agujeros negros y las ondas gravitacionales. El autor nos lleva despues por el camino de las teorias de unificacion que intentan reconciliar la vision de Einstein de la gravedad con la mecanica cuantica, y nos introduce a los conceptos de la teoria de cuerdas y la gravedad cuantica. Finalmente, Herrera explora la relacion de nuestras modernas teorias fisicas con el cine y la literatura, para concluir con una vision filosofica sobre la naturaleza del tiempo y el destino del Universo. Este es sin duda un libro apasionante que nos habla de una de las grandes aventuras del pensamiento humano, que debe leer cualquiera que este interesado en entender los ultimos grandes avances de la fisica, la cosmologia y la astrofisica.

Livre de tous les superlatifs, le Zarathoustra de Nietzsche continue de fasciner, 120 ans après sa première publication. Par son écriture, dabord, qui rappelle, à bien des égards, la Bible et sa dime

Discover true-to-life stories of figures across the globe whose determination, dreams and hard work allowed greatness in their fields. From politics to the Nobel Peace Prize, each remarkable individual offers a unique story of grit that will resonate with readers of all ages to inspire grit for greatness.Albert Einsteins career led to the innovation of many aspects in the world of math and science. His research, mathematical equations, and theories opened so many doors to so many possibilities that scientists today are still researching about and finding ways to prove. Einsteins life was not easy. He could have taken the easy route many times, but he never did. Instead, he fought for his beliefs, his research, and even for his rights. Einstein, commonly known as a mathematician and scientist, is so much more than his contributions to science. He was a man who epitomized perseverance and integrity.Features Inside This Book: Wholesome and inspiring for readers ages 8-14 years old Non-fiction chapter books perfect for the family Easy to read stories any young reader can enjoy True-to-life stories that challenge young readers to aspire for greatness Extras of quiz questions and discussion prompts for material digestionTheres something for everyone in this series so start reading and discover that dreams can come true even in real life. Sometimes, those dreams will change the world for the better.Scroll up and click Add to Cart to grab your copy and start a journey of learning!

Edible algae, including seaweeds, are a source of functional food, dietary supplements, metabolites and bioactive compounds. Algal-based functional foods have potential health benefits, and their commercial value depends on their applications in the food and nutraceutical industries. This book covers several aspects of algal based functional foods. It informs the reader about algal cultivation techniques, environmental impact, habitat, nutraceutical potential, extraction of bioactive metabolites, functional-food composition, bio-prospection, culture-induced nutraceutical compounds, algae-based bio-packaging, algal-biorefinery, toxicity, trends and future prospects. The editors present the topics in a research-oriented format while citing scholarly references. This book is a comprehensive resource for anyone interested in the nutritional benefits and industrial utilization of algae as a sustainable food source.

There is a manuscript of Maharsi Bharadvaja titled Amsu-bodhini (with a commentary of Bodhananda) at the library of Oriental Institute, Vadodara (Baroda). In the introductory passages, it is said that in the original text of Bharadvaja, the aphorisms of Amsu-bodhini are divided into twelve chapters having one thousand sections. In order to make it understandable, Bodhananda wrote a commentary on it. Actually the available manuscript is the first chapter of the work, having a commentary over the first 50 aphorisms of Maharsi Bharadvdja. The title of this chapter is Srstvadhikarah i.e. the Evolution of the Universe. Description of aphorisms in first chapter describes creation of Solar system.

The second law of thermodynamics is an example of the fundamental laws that govern our universe and is relevant to every branch of science exploring the physical world. This reference summarizes knowledge and concepts about the second law of thermodynamics and entropy. A verbatim explanation of chemical thermodynamics is presented by the author, making this text easy to understand for chemistry students, researchers, non-experts, and educators.

Electricity was the scientific fashion of the Enlightenment, an Entertainment for Angels, rather than for Men. Lecturers attracted huge audiences to marvel at sparkling fountains, flaming drinks, pirouetting dancers and electrified boys. Enlightenment optimists predicted that this new-found power of nature would cure illnesses, improve crop production, even bring the dead back to life. Benjamin Franklin, better known as one of Americas founding fathers, played a key role in developing the new instruments and theories of electricity during the eighteenth century. Celebrated for drawing lightning down from the sky with a kite, Franklin was an Enlightenment expert on electricity, developing one of the most successful explanations of this mysterious phenomenon. But Patricia Fara, Senior Tutor of Clare College Cambridge, reveals how the study of electricity became intertwined with Enlightenment politics. By demonstrating their control of the natural world, Enlightenment philosophers hoped to gain authority over society. And their stunning electrical performances provided dramatic evidence of their special powers.

One principal cause of the little attention paid to Entomology in this country, has doubtless been the ridicule so often thrown upon the science. The botanist, sheltered now by the sanction of fashion, as formerly by the prescriptive union of his study with medicine, may dedicate his hours to mosses and lichens without reproach; but in the minds of most men, the learned as well as the vulgar, the idea of the trifling nature of his pursuit is so strongly associated with that of the diminutive size of its objects, that an entomologist is synonymous with every thing futile and childish. Now, when so many other roads to fame and distinction are open, when a man has merely to avow himself a botanist, a mineralogist, or a chemista student of classical literature or of political economyto ensure attention and respect, there are evidently no great attractions to lead him to a science which in nine companies out of ten with which he may associate promises to signalize him only as an object of pity or contempt. Even if he have no other aim than self-gratification, yet "the sternest stoic of us all wishes at least for some one to enter into his views and feelings, and confirm him in the opinion which he entertains of himself:" but how can he look for sympathy in a pursuit unknown to the world, except as indicative of littleness of mind?

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), have the property of absorbing ultraviolet rays, and are widely used as active ingredients in cosmetics such as sunscreens. They also have many bioactive properties that make them an attractive ingredient for pharmaceuticals and functional food. This book summarizes information about the molecular structures, activities and applications of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). It aims to be an introductory book for undergraduate and graduate students in applied sciences, or as a handbook for researchers in pharmaceutical chemistry and cosmetics. Key features - 11 structured chapters covering the biochemistry of MAAs - Introduces readers to biochemical and synthetic pathways of MAAs - Presents information on many bioactive properties of MAAs including helioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-collagenase effects - Simple, clear explanations for learners - Academic and scholarly references for advanced readers - Illustrated appendices

An Introduction to Non-Ionizing Radiation provides a comprehensive understanding of non-ionizing radiation (NIR), exploring its uses and potential risks. The information is presented in a simple and concise way to facilitate easy understanding of relevant concepts and applications. Chapters provide a summary and include relevant equations that explain NIR physics. Other features of the book include colorful illustrations and detailed reference lists. With a focus on safety and protection, the book also explains how to mitigate the adverse effects of non-ionizing radiation with the help of ANSI guidelines and regulations. An Introduction to Non-Ionizing Radiation comprises twelve chapters, each explaining various aspects of non-ionizing radiation, including: Fundamental concepts of non-ionizing radiation including types and sources Interaction with matter Electromagnetic fields The electromagnetic wave spectrum (UV, visible light, IR waves, microwaves and radio waves) Lasers Acoustic waves and ultrasound Regulations for non-ionizing radiation. Risk management of non-ionizing radiation The book is intended as a primer on non-ionizing radiation for a broad range of scholars and professionals in physics, engineering and clinical medicine.

An Introduction to Plant Immunity is a comprehensive guide to plant immunology and stress response. The book covers the topic in 21 detailed chapters, starting from an introduction to the subject to the latest knowledge about plant disease resistance. The topics covered in the book include plant pathogens, plant diseases, plant immunity, passive defense mechanisms, acquired resistance, molecular genetics of plant immunology, protein function and genetic engineering. Each chapter provides a reader-friendly introduction along with clear sections detailing each topic. Additionally, detailed references for further reading are also provided. The combination of basic and advanced information on plant immunity make this book an essential textbook for students in botany and plant biology courses. Researchers interested in plant genomics and the effects of environmental and microbial interactions on plants will also benefit from this informative reference.

O diálogo acadêmico entre diferentes instituições de ensino superior, notadamente no âmbito dos Programas de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu, é uma prática imprescindível para o desenvolvimento da pesqui

Comprender del comportamiento del clima, es de interes en diversos sectores de la produccion. En este sentido, el libro presenta resultados de la investigacion que tenia como proposito describir la incidencia ejercida por el clima en los requerimientos de agua del cultivo de la papa en la region central de Boyaca. Para esto, se presenta un modelo que relaciona la intensidad, duracion y frecuencia de las lluvias (IDF), para describir y predecir el comportamiento de la precipitacion, a traves del analisis probabilistico de la informacion registrada en estaciones agroclimatologicas, ubicadas en la cuenca del rio de la region, donde predomina el cultivo objeto de estudio. Posteriormente, se determinan requerimientos de agua para el cultivo, del calculo y relacion entre: la evapotranspiracion del pasto (ETo), el coeficiente unico (Kc), la evapotranspiracion bajo condiciones estandar (ETc), el coeficiente dual (suma del coeficiente de la evaporacion (Ke) y de la transpiracion (Kcb)) y el coeficiente de estres hidrico. Finalmente, al implementar los modelos anteriores con la caracterizacion del tuberculo y los registros de una estacion agroclimatologica durante 51 anos; se describe el comportamiento del clima, los requerimientos de agua en los posibles periodos del cultivo en cada uno de estos anos y se identifican las epocas que presentaron condiciones climatologicas favorables o desfavorables. Con esta informacion y el modelo IDF se pueden establecer periodos de retorno de los eventos criticos de precipitacion que incidiran en los calendarios de siembra.

Animal disease models are a vital tool to study diseases and associated conditions. Studies on animal models can, in some cases, be used as a basis for modeling and understanding human diseases. Biomedical scientists face a challenge to choose the correct animal model to study disease pathology, and neurological diseases are no exception to this rule. Animal Models for Neurological Disorders covers different animal models which have been used for studying neurological disorders. 13 topical chapters have been contributed by a group of experts on the subject with an aim to cover emerging experimental models of a range of neurological diseases encountered in the clinic including Alzheimers disease, psychosis, Parkinsons, Huntingtons disease, vascular dementia, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis and brain tumors, among others. The chapters also inform readers about relevant clinical correlations in each disease model where appropriate. Animal Models for Neurological Disorders is intended for all scholarly researchers and students of biomedical sciences, pharmacology, medicine (oncology, neurology, psychiatry), pharmacy, biochemistry, and biotechnology. The organized contents of the book also serve as a quick reference point for scientists working in applied areas of neuroscience including the study of neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive dysfunction in living organisms.

This reference presents information about models utilized in experimental medicine and pharmaceutical research and development for several human diseases. Written by experts in immunology, cancer biology and pharmacology, the book provides readers with handy notes and updated data on animal models that are critical to research planning and lab execution. The main feature of the book is a set of 12 structured chapters that focus on a specific disease such as cancer, infectious diseases, autism, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimers disease and anemia. The contributors have gathered information on a wide range of genetic and physiological animal models that are employed in research with comparative charts that highlight their main differences. The book also includes chapters for special topics like food allergies and dentistry. Additional features of the book are an explanation of disease mechanisms that give an easy understanding, notes for idiopathic models and specific clinical conditions, and a list of references for advanced readers. Animal Models In Experimental Medicine is essential reading for scholars, graduate students and senior researchers in life sciences and clinical medicine. It also serves as a resource for professionals involved in bench-to-bedside pharmaceutical projects. Readership Scholars, graduate students and senior researchers in life sciences and clinical medicine; professionals involved in bench-to-bedside pharmaceutical projects.