eBooks de Historia de la ciencia, página 7 de 61

Ci sono prove del fatto che vari composti biogeni possono formarsi spontaneamente in condizioni simili a quelle vigenti un tempo sulla Terra primitiva, nello spazio interstellare, sulle comete e sui meteoriti.Con ogni probabilita furono proprio tali composti a fornire i primi semi della vita. Una ipotesi teorica sullorigine della vita con al centro il fosforo come condensatore universale nel passaggio dallenergia: vitale, nucleare, elettronica e trasmessa. Dallenergia allinformazione nei primi sistemi auto costitutivi.

Microbes form the unseen majority of life on Earth, with bacteria at the forefront as both the architects of lifes chemical foundations and agents of disease. But their story is far more complex. Bacteria thrive in diverse and extreme environments, driven by the dynamic evolution of their genomes. These tiny organisms wield an extraordinary ability to adapt, balancing genetic changes across generations with rapid physiological responses to environmental shifts.In Bacterial Genomes, the evolutionary and regulatory processes that shape bacterial life are brought to life. This textbook offers a conceptual exploration of how bacterial genomes are organized, how they evolve, and how their genetic information is interpreted through intricate molecular networks. Drawing on both cutting-edge research and the historical milestones that shaped microbiology, it illuminates how bacteria navigate the intersection of genetic adaptation and ecological resilience.Designed for college students, interdisciplinary researchers, and even the determined amateur, Aswin Seshasayee moves beyond technical jargon to provide a thought-provoking synthesis of bacterial evolution and adaptation. Unlike traditional genomics texts, this book blends historical insights with contemporary discoveries, offering a fresh perspective on the role of bacteria in shaping the living world.

Ich mochte fur die S-Bahn-Linie 6 der S-Bahn Rhein-Ruhr eine dritte Station in Ratingen vorschlagen. Sie soll den Suden und Westen der Stadt besser erschlieen und gleichzeitig eine Umsteigemoglichkeit zwischen der S-Bahn-Linie 6 und der Dusseldorfer Stadtbahnlinie U72 schaffen.

Ein von mir ausgearbeiteter Vorschlag, den S-Bahnhof Essen-Kettwig zu verlegen. Es geht darum, ihn von seinem eher ungunstigen Standort am Ortsrand in die zentrale Lage zu verlegen. Er soll sich kunftig auf Hohe der zentralen Verkehrskreuzung und innerhalb der neuen Wohnquartiere "Kettwiger Ruhrbogen" und "Seepromenade" befinden. Diese Lage ist erschlieungstechnisch und verkehrstechnisch wesentlich gunstiger, da an der zentralen Kreuzung auch der gesamte straengebundene OPNV des Stadtteils halt. Auf diese Weise wird durch die verbesserte Bus-/Bahnverknupfung ein neuer Umsteigepunkt im Essener Suden geschaffen und gleichzeitig ein Stadtteil besser erreicht. Eine gewisse Schwierigkeit bei dem Projekt stellt das zentrale Nahversorgungszentrum Guterstrae dar, was genau zwischen der Hauptverkehrskreuzung und der S-Bahn-Strecke liegt und damit genau auf der Flache, wo der zum neuen S-Bahnhof zugehorige Busbahnhof entwickelt werden muss. Ich habe das mehrmals durchgedacht und uberlegt, das Nahversorgungszentrum so umzubauen, dass es mit benachbarten Busbahnhof neu entwickelt werden kann. Im Kapitel "Gesamtkonzept zusammengefasst" werden die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der tiefgreifenden Machbarkeitsstudie auf ca. 20 bis 30 Seiten zusammengefasst. Dort kann man sich dann kurz und knapp informieren, wie die Bahnstation + Busbahnhof + P+R-Platz geplant wurde.

In Essen-Dellwig gibt es zwei recht nah beieinander liegende Bahnstationen an zwei verschiedenen sich kreuzenden Eisenbahnstrecken. Hier schlage ich vor, die beiden Bahnstationen zu einem Turmbahnhof zusammenzulegen, um so den Bahnhof als Umsteigepunkt aufzuwerten. Gleichzeitig mochte ich das Parkproblem um dem Bahnhof herum zu losen.

Wir haben gegenwartig in Bamberg Temperaturen, wie sie vor Beginn der starken Erwarmung vor etwa 60 Jahren typisch fur die warmsten Gebiete Deutschlands waren. Gravierender sind jedoch Veranderungen, die nicht nur deutlich spurbar sind, sondern zu unumkehrbaren Veranderungen in unserer Umwelt fuhren. Das Buch befasst sich mit den durch den Klimawandel sich abzeichnenden Veranderungen in unserer Region und seinen Auswirkungen, den bereits eingetretenen und den in naher Zukunft zu erwartenden.

¿Alguna vez te has preguntado lo que yace bajo nuestros pies?¿Qué obtienen las superpotencias del mundo levantar sus bunkers secretos subterráneos?BASES SUBTERRANEAS detalles de confirmadas y rumoradas instalaciones subterraneas en Estados Unidos y alrededor del mundo. Conteniendo rara evidencia fotografica a traves de, asi como poco conocidas frases de figuras clave gubernamentales, hace un caso competente para que haya un enorme mundo escondido majo la superficie de la Tierra.Los marroquis especulaban que la encubierta infraestructura subterranea puede ser por mucho la mas grande que cualquier antes pudo haber supuesto y es posiblemente usada para el desarrollo de tecnologias suprimidas. Sus fuentes incluyen archivos desclasificados, reportes universitarios, documentos de WikiLeaks y entrevistas con personal exmilitar convertidos en soplones que aclaman haber trabajado en ciudades bajo el suelo.Bases Subterraneas da una amplia gama de hechos y teorias que ultimadamente permite a los lectores formar sus propias conclusiones. La exposicion cubre todo desde: las areas de evacuacion verificadas del Departamento de Defensa de los Estados Unidos bajo la Casa Blanca y el Pentagono, asi como sus sitios reconocidos en Mount Weather y Cheyenne Mountain; instalaciones subterraneas en todo el mundo, incluyendo el extenso complejo Mezhgorye de Rusia y la Pine Gap de Australia, administrada por la CIA; los titulares de los periodicos que se habian olvidado hace mucho tiempo y que decian que Adolf Hitler y los altos oficiales de las SS podrian haber construido una colonia nazi bajo la Antartida despues de la Segunda Guerra Mundial; los rumores de que las empresas conjuntas entre humanos y extraterrestres estan ocurriendo bajo la tierra y que los ciudadanos secuestrados estan siendo detenidos en prisiones subterraneas para la experimentacion medica ilegal, como la clonacion.¿Por que la Elite Glob

Se a cidadania pode ser definida como o conjunto de direitos e deveres individuais, garantido por instituições justas, visando ao bem coletivo, a prática, no entanto, tem mostrado que nem sempre é as

Wolfgang Lehnen stellt aus der Sicht des Praktikers alle Aspekte des Baummanagements dar: Er erlautert die richtige Standortauswahl fur Baume im urbanen Raum, zeigt die tragende Rolle des Bodens auf und weist den richtigen Weg zur Auswahl des Pflanzguts. Die richtige Erziehung der Baume am Standort und weitere Pflegemanahmen sind weitere Themen des Buchs. Die Erhaltung alter Baume und die Pflege des Habitatbaums runden das Werk ab.

Biology (Greek, bios, life; logos, discourse) means the science of life. It treats of animals and plants. That branch of biology which treats of animals is called zoology (Gr. zoon, animal; logos, discourse). The biological science of botany (Gr. botane, plant or herb) treats of plants.Living things are distinguished from the not living by a series of processes, or changes (feeding, growth, development, multiplication, etc.), which together constitute what is called life. These processes are called functions. Both plants and animals have certain parts called organs which have each a definite work, or function; hence animals and plants are said to be organized. For example, men and most other animals have a certain organ (the mouth) for taking in nourishment; another (the food tube), for its digestion.

THE TIMES SCIENCE BOOK OF THE YEARNEW YORKER BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR FINALIST FOR THE LOS ANGELES TIMES BOOK PRIZE FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYA revelatory and vibrant story of measurement which will make you look at the world around you anew.A wildly ambitious book by a formidably talented young writer.ROBERT MACFARLANEVivid, epic, and full of curiosities. This is a book to delight and fascinate.TIM HARFORD, bestselling author of How to Make the World Add UpBeyond Measure offers, with much intellectual flair and style, a bracing new history: how the once innocent urge to quantification took over our lives, our sense of ourselves and the world.PANKAJ MISHRAThe exact value of this book is hard to quantify. Weighty, precise and satisfyingly obsessive, its also an absolute pleasure to read.SIMON GARFIELD, bestselling author of The TimekeepersWe measure rainfall and radiation, the depths of space and the emptiness of atoms, calories and steps, happiness and pain. But how did measurement become ubiquitous in modern life? When did humanity first take up scales and rulers, and why does this practice hold authority over so many aspects of our lives? Written with vim and dazzling intelligence, James Vincent provides a fresh and original perspective on human history as he tracks our long search for dependable truths in a chaotic universe. Full of mavericks and visionaries, adventure and the unexpected, Beyond Measure shows that measurement has not only made the world we live in, it has made us too.An epic story about humankinds relationship with the physical world. Vincent is an erudite and perceptive guide, who with energy and skill weaves history, science and reportage into an enthralling tale.ALEX BELLOSTelling the story of metrology is not easy [but] Vincent is equal to the task . . . this book is extremely good.THE TIMESThis quirky history is inch-perfect.FINANCIAL TIMESGripping.NEW SCIENTISTWorth its weight in gold . . . Enlightening.OBSERVERFascinating . . . an erudiite and elegant read.MAIL ON SUNDAY

This book explores cutting-edge biocarbon polymer composites. The book brings together nine edited chapters that explore the development, properties, and applications of these eco-friendly materials, highlighting their potential to transform industries and reduce the environmental impact of traditional polymers. Spanning a range of critical topics, this book begins with an introduction to biocarbon and polymer materials, providing a solid foundation. It then progresses into the latest research on biocarbon sources, processing techniques, and characterization methods. Subsequent chapters cover the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of biocarbon polymer composites, along with their applications in diverse industries such as automotive, construction, and packaging. Contributors highlight real-world case studies and examples to showcase the practical relevance of these materials. Readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of the science and technology behind biocarbon polymer composites, enabling them to make informed decisions in materials selection and development. In an era of increasing environmental consciousness, this book emphasizes the eco-friendly nature of biocarbon composites, offering sustainable alternatives to traditional plastics. Additionally, this book bridges the information gaps between different disciplines and it is intended for a wide range of readers, from materials scientists and engineers to environmentalists and industry policymakers. Readership: Researchers and scientists in materials science and engineering; Professionals in industries seeking sustainable alternatives to traditional plastics; Environmentalists and policymakers interested in promoting eco-friendly materials; Academics and students studying materials science, polymer chemistry, and sustainable technologies; Innovators and entrepreneurs looking to capitalize on emerging materials trends

Aluminium is a chemical element present in earths crust and it is a known environmental toxin which has been found to be associated with various neurological disorders. Aluminium has been found to be a very strong risk factor for the development of Alzheimers disease. Biochemical Mechanisms of Aluminium Induced Neurological Disorders explains the association of aluminium with neurological disorders. The book introduces the reader to sources of aluminium exposure, followed by an explanation of pharmacokinetics of aluminium and the different biochemical pathways that cause neurological effects. Chapters cover the typical mechanisms associated with aluminium neurotoxicity such as synaptic impairment as well as recent topics of interest such as the role of aluminum in impairing blood-brain barrier functions. Separate chapters which cover clinical evidence of aluminium toxicity and its management are also included in the book. Biochemical Mechanisms of Aluminium Induced Neurological Disorders is a concise, yet informative reference on the subject of aluminium neurotoxicity for all readers, whether they are students of biochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology, clinical neurologists, environmentalists interested in metal pollution or general readers who want to learn about the toxic effects of aluminium in humans.

Biochemistry a practical manual has been designed to meet the laboratory syllabus of students pursuing Biochemistry courses at undergraduate levels of various Universities. Features: Preparation of Standard Buffers and pH Chemistry of Carbohydrates, Chemistry of Lipids Identification of Amino Acids Analysis of Drugs, Clinical Biochemistry, Enzymes Analysis of Milk and Food Stuffs Abnormal Constituents of UrineContents 1. Preparation of Standard Buffers and pH 2. Chemistry of Carbohydrates 3. Chemistry of Lipids 4. Identification of Amino acids 5. Analysis of Drugs 6. Clinical Bio-Chemistry 7. Enzymes 8. Analysis of Milk and Food stuffs 9. Abnormal Constituents of UrineAbout the Author N. Sarath Chandra Bose did MSc in Biochemistry and MPhil from Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur and has submitted thesis for PhD in the same University. He has 8 years of teaching experience and presently he is a guest faculty in the Department of Biochemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University. He has presented number of papers in International and National Seminars.

Biochemistry:Fundamentals and Bioenergetics presents information about the basic andapplied aspects of the chemistry of living organisms. The textbook covers the scopeand importance of biochemistry, the latest physical techniques to determine biomolecularstructure, detailed classification, structure and function of biomolecules suchas carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, vitamins,enzymes and hormones. Readers will also learn aboutprocesses central to energy metabolism including photosynthesis andrespiration, oxidative phosphorylation, DNA replication, transcription andtranslation, recombinant DNA technology. Key Features- logical approach to biochemistry with several examples- 10 organizedchapters on biochemistry fundamentals and metabolism- focus onbiomolecules and biochemical processes - referencesfor further reading Biochemistry:Fundamentals and Bioenergetics is a useful textbook for undergraduatestudents involved in courses in life sciences, biochemistry and other branchesof natural sciences.

Naturally-derived biomaterials invite immense interest from diverse segments of science and engineering. Recent decades have witnessed a leap in knowledge and efforts in ongoing research with biomaterials as synthons, yet biomaterial research never fails to create surprises. This book summarizes modern knowledge of bioderived materials for beginners in research and advanced readers in materials science. The book lays the foundations of understanding the design and development of mimetic peptides and enzyme mimetic bioinorganic catalysts, including the toolsets used in the process. Next, the book demonstrates different approaches for obtaining task-specific designer hydrogels. Additional topics covered in the book are tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. From this point, the book presents information on complex biomaterials systems: bacterial cellulose, cell membrane architecture for nanocomposite material design, and whole cellular microorganisms. Chapters provide applied knowledge with information on the strategies used to design novel biomaterials for applications such as drug delivery, therapy and controlled chemical synthesis. In summary, this book brings together a wealth of information on bioderived materials with versatile applications, derived from different sources, such as plant derivatives and microorganisms (in part or whole as synthons), benefitting readers from multidisciplinary backgrounds. Readership Graduate students in materials science and biotechnology, industry professionals and early career researchers.

This brief book is dedicated to the quantitative analyses and systematic discussion of spatial biodiversity and biogeographic patterns in the Asia?pacific region comprised of China, India and adjacent countries. The book is split into two sections. The first section presents readers with detailed statistical methods to conduct spatial macro?biodiversity and biogeography analyses. Step-by-step instructions on how to perform these statistical methods by using the statistical program R are also provided. In the second part, different quantitative case studies are presented covering several topics, including phylogenetics, spatial statistics, multivariate statistics and ecological genomics. Each case study concludes with a detailed interpretation of the quantitative results and how these results are relevant to local and regional ecological processes. This reference is suitable for academics interested in biostatistics biodiversity and ecological studies specific to the Asia Pacific region and China.

Biogas Plants Uwe Gorisch, Markus HelmBiogas production is an important component of the energy concept of the future. In this book, discover everything you need to know about planning the technology for agricultural and industrial biogas plants. There is a special focus on the economic aspects of biogas plants, and also on the preparation and processing of food residues and market waste. Damage to biogas plants and how this can be remedied is discussed in detail.

Um trabalho minucioso que traz a luz o submundo do novo movimento hacker, porém não são os hackers digitais, mas um movimento de expansão desse movimento. O trabalho demonstra como sorrateiramente mu

La scienza del mondo vivente ha assunto il nome di biologia nei primi anni del XIX secolo. Fino ad allora solo pochissimi autori avevano indicato la necessita di riconoscere, con la stessa dignita di altre discipline come lastronomia o la chimica, una scienza dedicata allo studio di tutti i viventi, e solo di questi. La prima parte del volume delinea il percorso che, da Linneo a Darwin, ha portato la biologia a diventare una scienza autonoma, mentre la seconda e dedicata alla situazione attuale della biologia e della filosofia della biologia. In entrambe le aree disciplinari, le generalizzazioni ingiustificate che spesso discendono dalleccessiva importanza attribuita ai risultati delle ricerche condotte su un piccolo numero di specie modello sono allordine del giorno. Come potra in futuro la biologia dirsi veramente generale se non interessandosi ai fenomeni della vita nel loro intero spettro di variazione presso gli animali, le piante, i funghi e tutti gli altri organismi viventi? Le riflessioni conclusive del saggio vertono su alcune scelte di fondo, concettuali e operative insieme, che possano rispondere a questa esigenza. Alessandro Minelli, gia professore ordinario di Zoologia allUniversita di Padova, si e occupato a lungo di sistematica zoologica, filogenesi e biodiversita, per poi indirizzarsi verso la biologia evoluzionistica dello sviluppo e la filosofia della biologia. Tra le sue pubblicazioni, The Development of Animal Form, Forme del divenire, Plant Evolutionary Developmental Biology. Nel recente volume Biologia della riproduzione ha inteso riscrivere, insieme a Giuseppe Fusco, un capitolo della biologia secondo una visione che tende a superare le tradizioni specialistiche legate ai diversi gruppi di viventi.