eBooks de Teoría de la arqueología, página 4 de 23

A Árvore da Azeitona: Uma Jornada Através do Tempo e da Memória Em um vilarejo banhado pela luz dourada do Mediterrâneo, entre campos verdejantes e casas de pedra, vive Neiriberto Silva de Freitas, u

This volume describes and illustrates the ceramic figurines excavated at the Maya site of Tikal, Guatemala, from 1956 through 1969. The collection includes both hand modeled and mold-made figures, human and animal, as well as related ceramic objects including figurine molds, flutes, and panpipes. The figurines are classified by subject matter, and the site distribution and dating discussed. These figurines are the largest excavated collection of ceramic figurines from a Maya site, and one of the major artifact categories from the site of Tikal. Most of the classifiable pieces are illustrated at a scale that allows comparison with similar objects from other Maya sites. The purpose of this volume is the presentation of the material from the site of Tikal; comparative material is limited.

Funny, occasionally filthy and ultimately fascinating. - Richard Herring, comedianGo to any ancient building in the land and there will be interesting and exciting stories presented to the visitor. Tales of secret passages and hidden tunnels, strange marks and carvings left by stonemasons all commonly believed and widely repeated, but are they really true?From ship timbers being repurposed on dry land to spiral staircases giving advantage to right-handed defenders, and from archers sharpening their arrows on church stones to claims of being the oldest pub in the country, Historic Building Mythbusting seeks to uncover the real stories.Buildings archaeologist James Wright explains and unpicks the development of these myths and investigates the underlying truths behind them. Sometimes the realities hiding behind the stories are even more engaging, romantic and compelling than the myths themselves...

The statue-stelae of Early Iron Age Daunia (north Apulia, Italy), a group of stone slabs, are each incised to represent the garb and accoutrements of a person. They detail the clothing and adornment worn by men and women in full regalia, plus, through additional figurative images drawn on the robes, show ritual practices, everyday activities, and scenes of local legend. As such, they offer an unparalleled window into the lives of a proto-historic people, providing a rich source of self-representation for what is otherwise a fairly poorly understood society. Grounded in the scholarship of post-colonial and gender archaeology, this book pays full respect to the agency of indigenous communities and the important role of women. It considers the stelae not through a Hellenic lens, but in the Italo-Adriatic context to which they belong. This is the first time an in-depth, holistic study of the Daunian stelae has been undertaken, and the first presentation of the material in English.

This volume presents the results of a research project extending over four decades on the identification, location and character of the archaeological sites of Lower Egypt, continued since 1997 as the Egypt Exploration Societys Delta Survey, supported by the British Academy. Data has been gathered from bibliographic sources, dedicated fieldwork and information from Egyptian and foreign missions to present a body of material previously available only in summary online. The present volume provides all the information in enhanced and extended form, with descriptions of each site, noting especially changes in condition over time, previous discoveries and current fieldwork, together with key references to bibliographic or other sources. This is an essential index of the ancient settlements of the Delta, alerting archaeologists and historians to the large cities, small towns, fortress and temple sites that covered the Delta in antiquity.

Since the advent of Assyriology in the early nineteenth century it has been known that two distinct scripts were used in ancient Mesopotamian inscriptions and documents. One, usefully characterized as "cursive," was used for the ephemeral documents of "daily life" as well as on most library and archival texts. The other was a deliberately archaizing script reserved for ceremonial use. This ceremonial script, of Babylonian origin, contained both archaic and archaizing signs, and was in productive use for over two millennia, not only in Babylonia but occasionally also in Assyria and beyond. Yet to date there has been no systematic study devoted specifically to this ceremonial script, nor any published syllabary of the archaic and archaizing signs it employs. This volume attempts to rectify this deficiency by providing a substantive introduction to Babylonian ceremonial script, along with a history of its modern study, and several case studies of how the script was actually used. The introduction is supplemented by an edition of the paleographic lists of the second and first millennia BCE, which contain pedagogical inventories of the archaic and archaizing cuneiform signs, illustrating how the ceremonial script was taught, learned and transmitted in scholarly contexts.

The Proceedings of the 14th International Conference for Nubian Studies are published in the research journal Kush for its 20th issue. Sixty articles are presenting the advances of international research on Middle Nile Valley archaeology and highlighting the richness and importance of Sudanese sites along the different phases of its Prehistory and History i.e. kingdoms of Kush (Kerma, Napata, Meroe), Medieval, Post-Medieval and Modern Periods. The eighty authors are coming from different disciplines: archaeology, linguistic, bio-anthropology, museum studies, etc. Their contributions are showing the nowadays implication of research in site management, cultural heritage and museums, especially in the frame of the bilateral programme Qatar Sudan Archaeological Programme.

Village Potters of the Troodos Mountains: Ceramic Production in Agios Demetrios, Cyprus 1891-2002, by Gloria London, is a study of four generations of female potters working in a remote Cypriot mountain village. Their coil-built jars, jugs, cookware, beehives, ovens, and decorative pots are the subject of the authors ethnoarchaeological research, including her quantitative data on pot sizes, production rates, firing times, and rate of loss. This data will serve archaeologists worldwide who are concerned with craft specialization and standardization, learning frameworks, markings on pots, and identifying production locations.

Located on the shore of the Gulf of Argos, Lerna is one of the most important prehistoric sites in Greece, having been occupied with few interruptions over a period of some 5,000 years, from the 6th to the 1st millennium B.C. Following excavations under the direction of Professor J. Caskey from 1952 to 1958, the well-preserved, deeply stratified record resulted in Lerna becoming the undisputed "typesite" and master sequence for the Early and Middle Bronze Ages on the southern Greek mainland. However, the Middle Bronze Age settlement and material have never been comprehensively published. This volume presents a catalogue of the Middle Helladic ceramic material and an analysis of the material in terms of shape, decoration, and fabric with the objective of elucidating the changing patterns of ceramic production and consumption at a key mainland site.

Animals, Ancestors, and Ritual in Early Bronze Age Syria: An Elite Mortuary Complex from Umm el-Marra, edited by Johns Hopkins professor Glenn M. Schwartz, is a final report of the excavation of Tell Umm el-Marra in northern Syria, conducted in 1994-2010. It is likely the site of ancient Tuba, capital of a small kingdom in the Early and Middle Bronze periods, in the Jabbul plain between Aleppo and northern Mesopotamia. Its study advances our understanding of early Syrian complex society beyond the big cities of Antiquity. Of particular importance in the Early Bronze excavations are the results from the site necropolis, tombs of high-ranking persons containing objects of gold, silver, and lapis lazuli. Separate installations hold kungas (donkey x onager hybrids), sometimes along with human infants. This site provides the first archaeological attestation of the kunga equids, unique in the archaeology of third-millennium Syria and Mesopotamia.

Itineraries and route descriptions are among the most outstanding sources for the reconstruction of historical geography. The stages mentioned in texts make it possible to determine the ancient road network in interdisciplinary cooperation between philology and archaeology and to identify ancient toponyms with archaeologically proven settlements dated by excavation or survey. However, routes are rarely the shortest way from A to B, but were always determined by certain parameters: What did the landscape that was travelled through look like? Where was water for travellers and pack animals accessible and where could rivers be crossed? How did travellers adapt to the seasonal conditions? And where did they find safe accommodation if there was no settlement? This volume brings together the answers of international experts from various disciplines. In the first part, the general conditions of vegetation, weather, water resources and general requirements for routes and travelling are discussed in five contributions by K. Deckers & M. de Gruchy, H. Reculeau, E. Cancik-Kirschbaum and A. Dietz. Furthermore, IT methods that allow knowledge modelling of itineraries are presented by C. Cruz and M. Poncet. The second part deals with selected itineraries in Upper Mesopotamia during the Middle and Late Bronze Age. A. Tenu, J.-L. Montero Fenollos & Francisco Caramelo present a new Middle Assyrian route stage, and D. Charpin reconstructs Zimri-Lims route from the Habur to the Euphrates. N. Ziegler, A. Otto & C. Fink present a new edition of the Old Babylonian "Road to Emar", the most elaborate travel description of Mesopotamian written documentation, and achieve an advanced reconstruction of the route and the identification of various ancient toponyms, above all of ami-Adads capital city Ekallatum.

The Hellenistic necropolis of Plinthine, located about 800 m west of the urban settlement of Kom el Nogus/Plinthine, on the western margins of the Alexandrian chora, was built on and in the calcarenite ridge or taenia that separates the Mediterranean from Lake Mariut. It has been celebrated as a miniature version of the great Alexandrian necropolises since the first excavations by Achille Adriani in 1937, followed by various unpublished explorations. Nevertheless, it had not been the subject of a comprehensive study combining architectural analysis and investigation of funerary practices. The policy followed by the French expedition (MFTMP)-systematic architectural survey of a necropolis too often previously analyzed through the prism of a few hypogeas, emphasis on phasing, anthropological studies-made it possible to give a more global vision of the Plinthine necropolis than that provided by earlier studies: the dead are no longer absent and the necropolis reveals a history parallel to that of the Plinthine Hellenistic town.

Graffiti, dipinti, rock-inscriptions and other additions to walls and rocks are integral to the landscape and writing practices of ancient Egypt. This book focuses on the margins of traditional ancient Egyptian epigraphic corpora. It aims to provide an all-encompassing view of graffiti practices and corpora in ancient Egypt, ranging from predynastic rock art in the Eastern Desert, to hieratic inscriptions in Middle Egyptian tombs, and demotic signatures in Karnak temple. A range of specialists present primary data from three different environments-deserts, tombs, and temples-following common lines of inquiry that aim to look beyond their textual or iconographic content and address graffitis agency more closely. Accordingly, this book investigates the interplay between secondary inscriptions and images, the space in which they were embedded, and the audiences for whom they were intended. Despite the diversity inherent in the nature of graffiti, common paths and shared threads of discussion emerge once these inscriptions are considered as material objects and socio-cultural practices.

The study of historic foodways is as multifaceted and varied as food itself. The changes we see in food habits and choices over history reveal evolving social and political climates and help us envision our ancestors everyday lives and imagined afterlives. Food certainly played a role in funerary rites; it was offered to the dead, of course, but also shared at the grave among the living family members, symbolically bridging between this world and the next. Choosing the food was embedded in a series of traditions and norms; how it relates to what was actually eaten in associated settlements enables an understanding of its meaning. Feasts, whether for the dead or the living, were laden with political and social meaning. Fasting, although requiring abstention from certain foods, also involves the management-from sourcing and storing to cooking and eating-of the permitted foods, a key concern in contexts such as monasteries where fasting occurred. This collective work demonstrates the diversity of possible approaches to food. It presents the current state of research on the foodways of Egypt and Sudan and highlights the importance of further interdisciplinary collaboration for a "big picture" approach. It brings together 16 articles covering archaeology (in the broadest sense), theory, anthropology, language, ethnography, and architecture to illustrate food traditions and history in Egypt and Sudan from as early as the 4th millennium BC to the 20th century.

Excavations at ancient Methone since 2003 by the Greek Ministry of Culture have uncovered remains from the Late Neolithic period through the fourth-century B.C. destruction by Philip II of Macedon. These discoveries extend the history of the city, a colony of Eretria (Euboia) since the late eighth century B.C., by nearly three thousand years into Greek prehistory. This volume presents results of the project in selected artefacts, burials, and structures representing the chief phases of the city, in chronological order. An introduction covers historical sources, excavations from 2003 to 2013, and the unique location of Methone. Part I details the prehistoric settlement at Methone, from the fourth millennium to 1000 B.C., and the Bronze Age burials. Part II focuses on the copious artifacts and ecofacts from the Early Iron Age "Hypogeion" shaft. Part III presents artifacts and architecture from the Archaic and Classical periods, through the final days of the siege of the city in 354 B.C. The significance of this work lies in its interdisciplinary methods, combining stylistic analysis of artifacts and source-critical philology with natural history, bioarchaeology, materials analysis, and geochemistry, whose results reveal the long-term history of a site crucial to the economic and political history of Classical Greece and the north Aegean.

This book explores the position of the Dakhla and Kharga oases within Ottoman Egypt as well as the whole empire. It intends to contribute to the reflection on the characteristics and limits of Ottomanity as seen by the inhabitants of a region which, from Cairo, seemed remote and isolated. It is based on several sets of private archives, largely unpublished, supplemented by travelogues and by modern literature. Despite their remoteness from the Nile Valley and a unique environment, the Oases were integrated in the same administrative and judicial frame as the rest of Egypt. Taxation was specific as were the primarily agricultural resources. Because of the threat of Beduin raids, the Oases housed a large garrison. The book studies the impact of this military presence upon the Oasian society from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, and the gradual erasure of Ottoman peculiarities, then of their memory during the nineteenth century.

The Qumran coins (hoard and single finds) are worthy of a novel. They were perfectly examined by H. Seyrig and A. Spijkerman, then the popular conviction spread that the coins had been lost. In fact, they were always kept where they had been classified. Now they are finally published and provide the possibility to suggest that Qumran was a very open centre for trade and transactions, at least from finally the end of the second century BC until the destruction of the site in 70/72 CE.This documentation provides a new reasoning on effective data not on assumptions.

From the reign of Ptolemy IV Philopator (221-204 BC), an extensive building and decoration programme is attested throughout Egypt, with a specific emphasis on the cult of Osiris and the child gods. The royal legitimation, in which Horus of Edfu and Amun of Thebes played a major role, was a further focal point. With the Theban revolt (206-186 BC), the royal support of the Egyptian temples stopped abruptly and was only resumed under Ptolemy VI Philometor. In the temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak, the Kiosk of Taharqa was a key contribution of the Kushite period (746-655 BC). Under Ptolemy IV, a major restoration campaign took place in the First Courtyard: the gate of the Second Pylon was rebuilt and the Kiosk substantially renovated. Its intercolumnar walls were remodelled and carved with ritual scenes of royal legitimation. The soubassement was decorated with a procession of nomes, received by the goddess Waset, and the column shafts and abaci were engraved with the royal names. In this book, the Kiosks Ptolemaic texts and iconographic decoration are presented and analysed. A global study of Philopators architectural activities places the Kiosk in the larger context of Karnak and beyond. In addition, a palaeographic study of the hieroglyphic texts is published.

This volumethe companion book to the special exhibition Back to School in Babylonia of the Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures of the University of Chicagoexplores education in the Old Babylonian period through the lens of House F in Nippur, excavated jointly by the University of Chicago and the University of Pennsylvania in the early 1950s and widely believed to have been a scribal school. The books twenty essays offer a state-of-the-art synthesis of research on the history of House F and the educational curriculum documented on the many tablets discovered there, while the catalogs five chapters present the 126 objects included in the exhibition, the vast majority of them cuneiform tablets.