eBooks de Historia por países, página 10 de 350

Covering three hundred years of history, G.B. Burnet uncovers the beginnings and downfall of the Scottish Quaker movement, which, during its period of 1650-1850, had an estimated 1500 adherents. The story of Quakerism can be divided into four main periods: its rise during the few years of Cromwells rule; the epic period during the latter Stuart dynasty, during which it reached a height and simultaneously underwent its cruellest persecutions in Aberdeen; its gradual decline with occasional surges of social activity; and its dwindling activities in the nineteenth century. Burnet writes with clarity and depth on the four main periods, taking the reader along the movements history from Edinburgh to Aberdeen, Angus, the Borders, the Highlands and beyond. As the study approaches the end of the nineteenth century, Burnet addresses the ultimate question of why Quakerism failed in Scotland. An Epilogue, written by William H. Marwick, Clerk to the Friends General Meeting for Scotland, expands still further onthe progress of Quakerism from 1850-1950. The pioneer Quakers were nothing if not strong in zeal to win converts, and the Movement had hardly obtained a footing in England before the dark carnal people of Scotland were marked down for missionary enterprise. Extract from Chapter 1.

How did sport and festival affect the ancient Greek city? How did the values of athletics pervade Greek culture? This collection of fifteen new studies from an international cast took its inspiration from the exceptional Sydney Olympics of 2000. The focus here is on the ancient world, but additionally there is a sophisticated look at how Greek artefacts linked with sport can best be presented to the modern world.

In this remarkable study, Pamela Sambrook rescues from obscurity the contribution of a former member of Napoleons Imperial Guard to the development of specialist hotels and catering in the formative years of the railway network in England and France. In doing so, she interrogates what lies behind some of Zenon Vantinis very real achievements, legacies and disasters. She asks how far he was driven by his familial background in Elba and his involvement in the political turmoil of early-nineteenth-century France, and to what extent his whole life was known to those around him. Vantinis extraordinary life encapsulates the change between two very different worlds - the old imperial past and the new age of entrepreneurial risk-taking. Never shaking off his old political loyalties, he believed resolutely that the mobility afforded by railway travel would change Europe fundamentally. In the long view he was a component part in the very early years of an industry which revolutionised England and Europe more than did even his hero, Napoleon.

In this remarkable study, Pamela Sambrook rescues from obscurity the contribution of a former member of Napoleons Imperial Guard to the development of specialist hotels and catering in the formative years of the railway network in England and France. In doing so, she interrogates what lies behind some of Zenon Vantinis very real achievements, legacies and disasters. She asks how far he was driven by his familial background in Elba and his involvement in the political turmoil of early-nineteenth-century France, and to what extent his whole life was known to those around him. Vantinis extraordinary life encapsulates the change between two very different worlds - the old imperial past and the new age of entrepreneurial risk-taking. Never shaking off his old political loyalties, he believed resolutely that the mobility afforded by railway travel would change Europe fundamentally. In the long view he was a component part in the very early years of an industry which revolutionised England and Europe more than did even his hero, Napoleon.

What more could there be to know about FDR, given how exhaustively his life has been written about? As it happens, there is more and that focuses on Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd, the queen of her Washington social circle, later FDRs friend and love-and Eleanors rival, as the title of Christine Tottens work points out. In Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd: Eleanors Rival, FDRs Other Love, Totten presents a carefully structured case for a deep and lasting but chaste love between Lucy and FDR, against the prevailing view that they were clandestine lovers. Tottens research into the personal memories of the Rutherfurd family and the public holdings of the FDR Library establishes a new rich understanding of Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd--her early life, her education, and her role in the social and political scene in Washington. This work gives Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd her due, as a woman in her own right as well as FDRs valued soul mate and friend.

In 614 CE, the armies of Sasanid Persia shocked the Eastern Roman Empire when they besieged and captured Jerusalem, taking a large swath of its population into captivity along with the citys patriarch and the famed relic of the True Cross. This astounding Persian victory over Christian Jerusalem was a key episode in the last war between Rome and Persia in 602-628 CE and occurred at the high tide of Persian advances into the Roman territories in Asia Minor, the Levant, and Egypt. Among those taken captive was a certain Strategius, a monk of Mar Saba, who subsequently took it upon himself to compose a homily recounting the events leading up to the Persian siege of the Holy City and its aftermath. Strategius presents his pious and harrowing account as that of an eyewitness to many of the events he recounts. For events he did not himself witness, he purports to rely on contemporary informants who did, making his treatise a source with few parallels in late antiquity. Although Strategiuss original account in Greek is lost, it survives via later translations into Georgian and Christian Arabic, two languages that attained prominence in the monasteries of Palestine during the Islamic period. This volume provides, for the first time, a complete side-by-side English translation of both the Georgian and the Arabic recensions.

The nation-state is here to stay. Thirty years ago it was fashionable to predict its imminent demise, but the sudden break-up of the Soviet Union in the 1990s unshackled long-repressed nationalisms and generated a host of new states. The closer integration of the European Union has given intra-national nationalisms a new lease of life, confirming the viability of small nation-states under a supra-national umbrella - after all, if Ireland and Iceland, then why not Scotland and Catalonia? And then the world stage has seen new and powerful national players moving from the wings to the centre: China, India, and Brazil are full of a sense of growing into their own national destinies and are in no mood either to dissolve into, or to defer to, some larger body.Nations, nationalisms, and nation-states are persistent facts, but what should we think of them morally? Surely humanity, not a nation, should claim our loyalty? How can it be right to exclude foreigners by policing borders? Can a liberal nation-state thrive without a cohering public orthodoxy? Does national sovereignty confer immunity? Is national separatism always justified? These are urgent questions. Between Kin and Cosmopolis offers timely Christian answers.

Al paso de casi cinco siglos, la imagen de la Virgen de Guadalupe del Tepeyac, cerca de la Ciudad de México, se ha convertido en uno de los iconos religiosos del catolicismo universal más difundidos en el mundo, asi como su santuario en uno de los tres mas visitado de todos templos catolicos en el orbe. La devocion que despierta y ha despertado en multitudes de personas, obligan a un examen detenido acerca de fascinante historia, asi como de los origenes y causas. Convertido en simbolo de la mexicanidad misma, su presencia publica congrega a creyentes como agnosticos, quienes no pueden sino aceptar, su enorme influencia en la vida espiritual de millones de personas. El presente libro, obra de un destacado historiador ingles, aporta aquellos elementos que permiten valorar, hoy, el peso y la trascendencia que han tenido la imagen y la tradicion guadalupana dentro de la historia de las mentalidades, de las devociones y de las creencias ya no solo del pueblo mexicano sino de cualquier otra cultura que se asuma su propia identidad como el resultado de la fusion de varias culturas y creencias.

Este volumen aborda el estudio de las guerras civiles a lo largo del proceso de la formación de los Estados en el espacio iberoamericano, desde puntos de vista renovados por la originalidad de los enfoques tematicos y teorico-metodologicos.Los articulos que lo componen tratan el tema en diferentes escenarios, entre mediados del siglo XIX y hasta las primeras decadas del novecientos. Plantean la revision de proyectos de futuros posibles y algunos decisivamente perdidos que se confrontaron en luchas civiles de singular intensidad y violencia al involucrar a diversos grupos sociales y etnicos, ideologicos y religiosos, a migrantes y nativos partidarios de distintos regimenes politicos que, en el restablecimiento del orden, regularan la distribucion, la participacion, la inclusion o la exclusion del poder mas alla de los limites estrechos y no siempre pertinente impuestos por las fronteras nacionales.Se trata de las peyorativamente llamadas "pequeñas guerras", "guerras intestinas" o "conflictos de facciones", cuyos rasgos especificos aparecieron en ocasiones desdibujados o encubiertos por su inscripcion en conflictos entre los nacientes Estados. La conformacion de los ejercitos y otras fuerzas de guerra, las formas de la participacion politica de los sectores populares a traves del estudio de rebeliones y montoneras, la formacion de las elites gobernantes desde un punto de vista relacional en el marco de estos procesos son canteras abiertas para la investigacion y el debate sobre la historia politica en clave social y cultural de este periodo en la historia iberoamericana.

El 23 de enero de 1639 tiene lugar en Lima el Auto de fe más cruento que el tribunal inquisitorial, radicado en dicha ciudad, incoara contra cristianos nuevos, comerciantes de procedencia portuguesa, asentados en el virreinato desde tiempo atras y acusados en su mayoria de herejia y criptojudaismo.Documento importantisimo para reconstruir la intrahistoria del Peru del XVII, la relacion de lo que se bautizo como la "gran complicidad", de su descubrimiento a partir de 1635, de las detenciones, interrogatorios, lectura de las condenas, procesion solemne hasta el cadalso y aplicacion de los castigos, redactada por el licenciado Fernando de Montesinos y publicada con exito de lectores en Lima y en Madrid, es objeto de la presente edicion, asi como de un conjunto de estudios que reconstruyen la relevancia del acontecimiento, el contexto y funcionamiento de la Inquisicion en America, la personalidad de algunos de los procesados, el trasfondo religioso sobre el que se actua y la maquinaria alegorica que lo secunda.

Este libro presenta la cara más oscura de la sociedad colonial y esclavista de Cuba en el siglo XIX. Mitad diccionario, mitad testimonio, es una obra que lista y define palabras relacionadas con dicho ambito al modo usual de los diccionarios, aunque tal cosa resultaria insuficiente, pues lo que se pretende es restituir todas esas palabras a su contexto historico y social. Por ello, tales palabras se complementan con extractos de testimonios de viajeros contemporaneos, para contextualizarlas y enriquecerlas, y que retomen asi todo su sentido.De manera amplia, este diccionario alude a la cara oscura de la sociedad colonial y esclavista, y da vida al dia a dia de la poblacion cubana, tanto de los que trabajaban duro y sufrian, como de los que disfrutaban y se enriquecian.

En un proceso histórico que abarca gran parte del siglo XIX y al menos la primera mitad del XX, el caudillismo, las comunidades indígenas y las masas urbanas, fueron imaginados por las élites como un resabio de la colonia que la epoca republicana debia trascender. Este libro analiza dicho proceso y su presencia en la cultura y la literatura.

El propósito de este volumen es presentar una reflexión de conjunto sobre el primer constitucionalismo iberoamericano desplegado en las décadas iniciales del siglo XIX. No se trata de una "historia constitucional", sino, mas bien, de una historia politica de las disputas que provocaron las crisis de las monarquias ibericas y de las respuestas constitucionales sucedidas en las diversas regiones del orbe iberoamericano. Los "casos" tratados se concentran en tres nudos problematicos fundamentales: soberania, representacion politica y territorio. A partir de estos ejes y de las diversas articulaciones que expresan en el campo constitucional, los autores rescatan las evidentes y significativas transformaciones ocurridas en los idiomas politicos y constitucionales, asi como las asimilaciones, superposiciones y tensiones entre conceptos y nuevos y viejos principios. El resultado refleja el formidable dinamismo que asumio ese gran laboratorio de experimentacion constitucional conformado por los dos grandes conglomerados territoriales bioceanicos (lusitano e hispanico) a comienzos del siglo XIX.

PREFÁCIO: A CONVERGÊNCIA DO CÓDIGO ANCESTRAL E A INTELIGÊNCIA DO FUTURO Em um mundo que se acelera sob o ritmo frenético da inovação tecnológica, onde algoritmos governam nossos feeds e inteligências

O documento explora a divinação e a adivinhação, destacando suas diferenças: a divinação, como no Ifá, é uma prática ritualística que conecta humanos às divindades e ancestrais usando instrumentos sa

Today, humanitarianism, as a moral imperative to help, is prevalent, especially in the so-called Western world. The public reacts to natural disasters, war, or medical emergencies with a desire to alleviate suffering. But in recent decades historians have begun to critically assess this moral perspective and examine humanitarian organizations, politics, and the motives of humanitarian actors. They highlight how helping people relieve their suffering is just one side to every humanitarian story. Humanitarian actors themselves have their own reasons for helping. Humanitarian aid evolves in a tense dialectic between people in need and the individual agendas of the benevolent saviors. This special issue approaches humanitarianism and humanitarian aid from the perspective of such benevolent saviors and their agendas and covers different moments in history and geographical regions in the 20th century. The papers analyze humanitarianism as a reconstruction mission according to civilizing desires, as an enabling factor for individual professionalization, as a power struggle, and as a tool for domestic and international policymaking.

Jewish life in early modern Poland was characterized by an adherence to Jewish law (halakhah) that Polish Jewry had inherited from medieval Franco-German Jewry, and almost all aspects of Jewish activity, even the most personal of matters, fell within its purview. Jewish law remained constant throughout the ages in some areas, but in others rabbis were forced to reinterpret it in light of the complexities of contemporary life. Edward Fram draws upon the ordinances of Polish Jewrys political leadership, Polish legal records, and the responsa of some of the outstanding poseqim of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries to show how Polish jurists responded to those complexities. His case studies, gleaned from a period of exceptional creativity in the annals of Polish Jewry, deal with weddings on the Sabbath, the rights of daughters to familial wealth, women in the marketplace, the personal reliability of those who dealt in the sale of kosher wine, competition among Jews for sources of livelihood obtained through leases (arendy), the transfer and payment of personal debts via bills payable to bearers (membrany), and personal insolvency. Concerned with the needs of the underprivileged as well as those of the marketplace, these rabbis struggled to maintain the integrity of Jewish communal life and to preserve the tradition they perceived to represent divine law. Particularly in commerce, failure to observe Jewish law or at least the independent direction taken by the lay leadership often became the basis for communal legislation and practice. Fram shows how the Polish community, at times consciously and at times unconsciously, transformed some of its traditional values until they may have been unrecognizable to Jews from an earlier age..

¿Cómo se configuraron los sujetos en el Perú de inicios del siglo XX? ¿Cuáles fueron las condiciones de su cristalización? Son éstas las preguntas que orientan el desarrollo de este texto. Rompiendo con las afirmaciones de que no hubo subjetividades plenas en America Latina, este libro muestra las maneras singulares en que se desarrollo el trabajo del individuo para producirse como sujeto en esta epoca. Teniendo como sustento el estudio de textos autobiograficos y haciendo uso de un abordaje en el que se combina literatura, historia y psicoanalisis, presenta y discute una tesis novedosa: las formas propias de la individualidad en la modernidad periferica. Una tesis que renueva, sin lugar a dudas, la discusion sobre individuos y lazo social en la region y que transforma la mirada sobre el Peru contemporaneo.

Escribir desde el océano se organiza en dos partes. La primera consiste en un estudio que reflexiona sobre los relatos de conquista desde un espacio enunciativo particular –el del barco– y examina el

Este libro contiene la utopía de don Vasco -una utopía de convivencia- y sigue las vicisitudes del gobierno indio español de la "ciudad de Mechuacan" que fundó el obispo, primero en Tzintzuntzan y de