eBooks de Historia por países, página 7 de 350

James V suffered the fate of many a son of a famous father in being somewhat overshadowed not only by his father James IV but also by his internationally renowned daughter Mary Queen of Scots. But no-one would deny the importance of his reign, embracing as it did the establishment of the Court of Session, the birthpangs of religious dissent, and the growth of royal power to such a remarkable extent that this king could leave his kingdom for nine months in 1536-7 without fear of rebellion. Jamie Cameron concentrates on James Vs style of government and relations with his nobility, and challenges the widely held view of a vindictive and irrational king, motivated largely by greed, who antagonised most of his leading magnates and met his just deserts when they refused to support him in 1542. This book offers a different view, and presents us with a rounded picture of a king whose approach to government, in spite of some personal defects, closely resembles that of his supposedly more popular father; and, like James IV himself, retained impressive magnate support to the end of his reign.

Based on first-hand research conducted by the Moscow Centre for Civilizational and Regional Studies, this book documents the findings of one of the first authoritative studies on the newly independent states of Central Asia Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kirgizia and Tadjikistan. Focusing on the unprecedented challenges facing these nascent countries, it examines the political events and socio-economic changes which followed the disintegration of the Soviet Union by analysing the difficulties of state-building and the dramatic social upheavals experienced by these republics.The book also covers the path of economic growth in the 1990s by examining the recession of 1991-1995 and the increasing income disparity between the affluent minority and the impoverished majority. The continuing socio-political and inter-ethnic tensions in the region are also covered in some detail, as is the relationship between the new states and Russia. Attention is further drawn to the causes and outcomes of the civil war in Tadjikistan as well as the growing international competition for access to the natural resources of the Central Asian countries.This work will be of particular use to the student of economics and politics of Central Asia and will also provide great insight to business professionals and other readers interested in the progress of post-Soviet states.

The troubles of mid-seventeenth-century Scotland were the final episode in a long revolutionary process which had begun more than a century earlier. The changes of the intervening years most of them gradual and imperceptible were barely visible but their cumulative impact was profound. Charles I inherited a social revolution; he found a society already transformed and a power structure still in the process of transformation. Scotland was inherently unstable, and the unending conflict between king, baron and churchman was therefore accentuated. The failure of the Canterburian solution left magnate to struggle with minister for control of the Church and thus for the substance of power in Scotland. The struggle was often obscured by war: the feudal magnates, bold in defence of the ancient liberties of the kingdom, patched up an uneasy alliance with the radical ministers pursuing a new order. The end of the First Civil War was merely the prelude to a new conflict, which left the Kirk triumphant for the time being and the state, albeit temporarily, its impotent servant. This poses vital questions. Who were the ministers and elders who ruled the Church of Scotland? What was the nature of the Scottish Revolution? This book draws on many sources to answer these questions.

Stahls classic book on Thucydides, here in English for the first time, penetrates as few others to the Greek writers deepest interests. Stahl reveals Thucydides work as a study in the fallibility of human projections. Above all, Thucydides is shown as interested in tracking how optimistic plans lead to irremediable suffering in the field of foreign policy. For this new edition, the original has been revised and enlarged by two chapters which reflect the authors subsequent work.

The history of Sparta is increasingly seen as important, not only for its own sake but also for understanding Athenian literature and the political history of numerous Greek states. Traditional approaches to Sparta are now being supplemented by contributions from archaeology and the social sciences. The renewed interest in Sparta is international. The volume includes, for the first time, original contributions from most of the worlds leading authorities on Spartan history.

The study of Greek warfare should involve much more than reconstructing the experience of combat or revisiting the great wars of the classical period. Here, a distinguished cast of international scholars explores beyond the usual thematic and chronological boundaries. Ranging from the heroes of Homer to the kings and cities of the hellenistic age, the contributors set war in the context of other forms of Greek violence, private and public. At every turn they challenge received ideas about the causes and conduct of war, its development and its place in Greek society and culture.

During the Graeco-Roman period, Berenike served as a gateway to the outside world together with Myos Hormos. Commodities were imported from Africa south of the Sahara, Arabia, and India into the Greek and Roman Empire, the importance of both harbors evidenced by several contemporary sources. Between 1994 and 2002, eight excavation seasons were conducted at Berenike by the University of Delaware and Leiden University, the Netherlands. This book presents the results of the archaeobotanical research of the Roman deposits. It is shown that the study of a transit port such as Berenike, located at the southeastern fringe of the Roman Empire, is highly effective in producing new information on the import of all kinds of luxury items. In addition to the huge quantities of black pepper, plant remains of more than 60 cultivated plant species could be evidenced, several of them for the first time in an archaeobotanical context. For each plant species detailed information on its (possible) origin, its use, its preservation qualities, and the Egyptian subfossil record is provided. The interpretation of the cultivated plants, including the possibilities of cultivation in Berenike proper, is supported by ethnoarchaeobotanical research that has been conducted over the years. The reconstruction of the former environment is based on the many wild plant species that were found in Berenike and the study of the present desert vegetation.

How did the Greeks and Roman perceive rape? How seriously was it taken, and who were seen as its main victims? The studies in this volume look at the social and legal realities of rape in the ancient world, and also at the numerous myths of rape which themselves may reflect real behaviour and attitudes. Modern readers, used to a discourse which focuses on the question of a womans (or mans) consent to sexual activity and treats an unwilling partner as a victim worthy of sympathy, may find in ancient attitudes much that is disturbing.

El Breve tratado sobre el matrimonio constituye una contribución significativa al acervo documental sobre la evangelización y las prácticas matrimoniales en la Nueva España del siglo XVI. Esta obra, del ms. 35-22 perteneciente a la Biblioteca Capitular de Toledo, que permanecio en la oscuridad durante mas de cuatro siglos hasta su hallazgo en 2012, emerge como un testimonio invaluable que amplia la comprension del intercambio cultural y los esfuerzos misionales en el contexto novohispano.Previamente, solo se conocia una version fragmentaria y con variantes, el Manual del Christiano (ms. 402, Fondo Mexicano, BNF), atribuida a fray Bernardino de Sahagun por su primitivo poseedor. El redescubrimiento de este texto completo representa un hito en la investigacion historica y linguistica del periodo colonial temprano.La relevancia de esta publicacion se ve magnificada por el descubrimiento adicional de otra version en un cartapacio de excepcional valor, rescatado por Rafael Montejano. Este manuscrito, que incluye el Dialogo entre un fraile franciscano de San Francisco y un natural llamado Francisco, habia pasado inadvertido incluso para los mas eminentes sahaguntinistas, subrayando la importancia de esta recuperacion para el campo de los estudios coloniales.Esta edicion se distingue por su rigor academico y la elegancia de su traduccion al castellano, fruto del meticuloso trabajo de los investigadores responsables de estos hallazgos. La obra promete ser un catalizador para futuras investigaciones sobre la Nueva España, al ofrecer nuevas perspectivas sobre la interaccion entre las culturas indigenas y europeas en el contexto de la evangelizacion. Una referencia ineludible para estudiosos de la historia, la linguistica y la antropologia cultural del Mexico colonial, que enriquece significativamente nuestra comprension de los procesos de aculturacion y sincretismo religioso en la America española del siglo XVI.

Ubicadas en el Trópico de Cáncer, la ciudad de Zacatecas en México y la antigua Siene, hoy Asuán, en Egipto, son regiones de cantera que esculpieron las maravillas del mundo. Catedrales, estatuas y obeliscos, son ejes simbolicos y relojes de Sol que continuan en la memoria como monumentos de un pasado de esplendor. En el siglo XVIII la elite minera zacatecana erigio junto a la parroquia principal, un obelisco de cantera con jeroglificos que dio nombre a la plaza de la Piramide, hoy plaza de Armas. A pesar de que este monumento desaparecio en el siglo XIX, la escritura en piedra permanece y es posible restaurar esa memoria perdida. A los trescientos años de construccion del obelisco se presenta aqui la traduccion del texto latino Obeliscus zacatecanvs sive elogivm hieroglyphicvm al español y al ingles, para que, a partir de la ecfrasis, se pueda restituir el objeto perdido y descifrarse los jeroglificos del imaginario barroco. Esta edicion especial se complementa con una guia fonetica de los jeroglificos para contrastar la lectura hermetica con el significado de cada signo en la lengua egipcia. Desde el teatro y la fiesta barroca, la arquitectura efimera y la eterna, se invita a un recorrido por los caminos de la interpretacion, la traduccion y el enigma.

Paseos por Andalucía. Estudio y catálogo de las guías de viaje del siglo XIX propone un itinerario literario y visual a través de la que fue la región preferida por los viajeros románticos. El camino comprende diferentes etapas, en las que se estudia la evolucion historica del genero, sus principales constituyentes editoriales, la condicion de sus lectores, asi como la idea de Andalucia y lo andaluz que se desprende de su lectura. En las ultimas paginas se adjunta un catalogo con los titulos de las guias y su localizacion en las principales bibliotecas que ofrece una imagen lo mas completa posible de este antecedente de la industria turistica actual.

Este volumen sobre el Símbolo católico indiano (1598) del criollo franciscano Luis Jerónimo de Oré (Huamanga, 1554-La Concepción, 1630) plantea la necesidad de estudiar esta obra no únicamente como un texto que fomento la expansion del catolicismo en la region andina, sino tambien como un temprano cuestionamiento de las construcciones imperiales de la otredad americana ligadas al conocimiento cientifico y filosofico del siglo XVI, sentando asi las bases del discurso criollo que tomara forma en las decadas posteriores.El Simbolo, que segun el autor nace de la necesidad de encontrar "uniformidad en el modo de enseñar la doctrina", presenta estrategias pedagogicas de "utilidad [para] los indios, y provecho y ayuda de los religiosos". Adicionalmente, la obra contiene un estudio de la geografia, la historia y la etnografia del Peru. A traves de estas disciplinas heterogeneas, Ore establece un dialogo con los vastos discursos cientificos, filosoficos, politicos, teologicos e historicos que abarcan desde los pensadores grecorromanos hasta sus contemporaneos. Estos topicos, a los que el autor mismo presenta como complementarios a la historia sagrada, en realidad contribuyen a mostrar en una epoca muy temprana las falencias de las teorias en las que los letrados renacentistas basaron su construccion imperial de la otredad americana.

Más que sobre Lima, este libro trata de una formación social específica, los criollos, particularmente los "beneméritos" o descendientes de conquistadores cuyo estudio ha quedado casi siempre relegado al de un pasado colonial que supuestamente se borro y se supero durante la Republica. Aqui se demuestra que los criollos surgidos de dicha situacion desarrollaron estrategias de supervivencia y negociacion y muchos habitos mentales que continuan presentes en el Peru de hoy. Desde las primeras generaciones de criollos surgio una identidad etnica que puede entenderse como "nacional" solo en el sentido arcaico y preilustrado de la palabra, sin afanes necesariamente independentistas, pero si localizadamente patriofilicos. Asi, aunque hable mayormente sobre el pasado, este ensayo apunta a explicar el presente y las falencias de un Estado nacional pretendidamente democratico, obediente de intereses propios del colonialismo interno y la tradicional prevalencia etnica europoide en el Peru.

Este libro destaca cómo, junto con el temor de que se produjera una rebelión de esclavos semejante a la de Haití, se originaron otras fobias en Cuba que incidieron en la manera en que los letrados se refirieron a la esclavitud, a la raza africana y a la cultura criolla en general, y como tales temores sirvieron como concepto basico para construir la nacion.

Se trata de una gran investigación de corte socioeconómico sobre las prácticas sociales de la élite de funcionarios de la Real Hacienda de la Nueva España entre los años 1660 y 1780, que aporta un conocimiento novedoso y profundo sobre la historia novohispana que sin duda habra de renovar los estudios sobre el funcionamiento de las instituciones y sobre el papel de las redes sociales en el Imperio Español.

Throughout the history of the Christian church, two narratives have constantly clashed: the imperial logic of Babel that builds towers and borders to seize control, versus the logic of Pentecost that empowers "glocal" missionaries of the kingdom life. To what extent are Westernized Christians today ready for the church of the Pentecost narrative? Are they equipped to do ministry in different cultural modes and to handle disruption and perplexity? What are Christians to make of the Holy Spirits occasional encounters with cultures and religions of the Americas before the European conquest?Oscar Garcia-Johnson explores a new grammar for the study of theology and mission in global Christianity, especially in Latin America and the Latinx "third spaces" in North America. With an interdisciplinary, "transoccidental," and narrative approach, Spirit Outside the Gate offers a constructive theology of mission for the church in global contexts.Building on the familiar missiological metaphor of "outside the gate" established by Orlando Costas, Garcia-Johnson moves to recover important elements in ancestral traditions of the Americas, with an eye to discerning pneumatological continuity between the pre-Columbian and post-Columbian communities. He calls for a "rerouting of theology"a realization that theology cannot make its home in Christendom but is a global creation that must come home to a church without borders.In this volume Garcia-Johnson considers pneumatological insights into de/postcolonial studies traces independent epistemic contributions of the American Global South shows how American indigenous, Afro-Latinx, and immigrant communities provide resources for a decolonial pneumatology describes four transformations the American church must undergo to break free from colonial, modernist, and monocultural structures Spirit Outside the Gate opens a path for a pneumatological missiology that can help the church act as a witness to the gospel message in a postmodern, postcolonial, and post-Christendom world.Missiological Engagements charts interdisciplinary and innovative trajectories in the history, theology, and practice of Christian mission, featuring contributions by leading thinkers from both the Euro-American West and the majority world whose missiological scholarship bridges church, academy, and society.

Personajes míticos e históricos de la conquista de México en la escritura de mujeres es el resultado de una investigación colectiva enmarcada en el proyecto "Construcción/reconstrucción del mundo precolombino y colonial en la escritura de mujeres en Mexico", y surge de la necesidad de ampliar las lecturas en torno a un periodo historico imprescindible para entender el Mexico de hoy con textos escritos por mujeres que, de un modo u otro, han tematizado la conquista en sus obras.Delimitando un marco temporal que va desde finales del siglo XIX a la actualidad, estas paginas presentan nuevas construcciones literarias en torno a personajes miticos e historicos que desempeñaron un papel relevante en la toma de Mexico-Tenochtitlan y en los acontecimientos que de ella se derivaron en las decadas inmediatas. Junto a producciones culturales que ya forman parte del canon, se abordan otras poco difundidas, o incluso ineditas, que reinventan el pasado desde nuevas perspectivas historicas y/o de genero.

Warring States Papers seeks to apply standard philological methods to major unsolved textual problems: (a) to establish the nature and interrelations of the texts, including the recognition of interpolations and of text growth generally; (b) to date the texts or their constituent layers; and finally (c) to read the history of the period from that newly available source material. In both fields, with their core of culturally protected texts, these fundamental preliminaries have tended to be overlooked. The Projects revolution, in both its fields of concern, has consisted in large part of not overlooking them. Once the basic questions have been asked and at least in part answered, the history of each period is more readily available for further study as such, and for comparison with similar developments both ancient and modern. New contributions developing this methodologically fresh beginning are welcome. To encourage them, and to ensure variety in each annual volume, the journal emphasizes short articles rather than long disquisitions.

Machu Picchu, recently voted one of the New Wonders of the World, is one of the worlds most famous archaeological sites, yet it remains a mystery. Even the most basic questions are still unanswered: What was its meaning and why was it built in such a difficult location? Renowned explorer Johan Reinhard attempts to answer such elusive questions from the perspectives of sacred landscape and archaeoastronomy. Using information gathered from historical, archaeological, and ethnographical sources, Reinhard demonstrates how the site is situated in the center of sacred mountains and associated with a sacred river, which is in turn symbolically linked with the suns passage. Taken together, these features meant that Machu Picchu formed a cosmological, hydrological, and sacred geological center for a vast region.

As the center for the religious cult of Quetzalcoatl, Cholula played a prominent role in shaping events of central Mexicos Postclassic period. Yet confusion over historical events in Cholula itself have limited its place in recent archaeological considerations of Mesoamerica. Since ceramic sequences are the backbone of archaeological chronologies, this confusion ultimately relates to problems in previous attempts to order archaeological time with ceramics. This book provides an innovative new classification of Cholula ceramics, based on artifact assemblages from primary depositional contexts recovered from the UA-1 excavations. A detailed and well-illustrated description of ceramic types is provided to construct a new classification system. These types are then seriated using collections from house floors and trash middens to suggest a new sequence spanning the Tlachihualtepetl (700-1200 CE) and Cholollan (1200-1550 CE) periods. The polychrome ceramics of Cholula have been described as among the most beautiful of Mesoamerica, employing vibrant colors to represent complex religious iconography of the Mixteca-Puebla stylistic tradition. By defining type and subtype variations in the polychrome ceramics, a foundation is created for a refined chronology as well as for recognizing intra-societal variability.