eBooks de Historia de los países de Asia, página 24 de 30

Audiences are among the dominant elements of courtly life and may be referred to as a central aspect of representation of power in many societies. Audiences also served as a stage for negotiation and political decision-making. Beyond that, the ceremonial of audience acted as an integrative factor, strengthening the connections between the ruler and his subjects, the elite and his dynastic background. It thus reflects the structure, or at least the intended structure of rule, and allows us to get insight into the perception of the ruler in the respective society. This volume offers an approach to forms and structures of audiences in different epochs and regions. Choosing a transcultural and diachronic perspective, it aims at delineating similarities and differences as well as possible lines of development of the ceremonial on a broad basis of case studies.Audienzen gehoren zu den pragenden Bestandteilen hofischen Lebens und konnen als zentraler Aspekt der Herrschaftsreprasentation bezeichnet werden. Sie dienten aber nicht nur der Reprasentation, sondern waren auch Ort von Verhandlung und politischer Entscheidung. Hinzu trat die integrative Funktion der Audienz: Durch den Vollzug des Zeremoniells wurde auch die Verbindung des Herrschers zu seinen Untertanen, Vertrauten und zu seiner Dynastie dargestellt und gefestigt. Das Zeremoniell der Audienz spiegelt somit das (intendierte) Gefuge der Herrschaft, und lasst Ruckschlusse auf das Herrscherbild der jeweiligen Gesellschaft zu. Der Sammelband behandelt Formen und Strukturen des Audienz-Zeremoniells in transkultureller und diachroner Perspektive, in dem Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede, sowie Entwicklungslinien des Audienz-Zeremoniells auf einer breiten Basis von Fallbeispielen. Dazu versammelt er Beitrage zu unterschiedlichen Teilaspekten des Audienz-Zeremoniells in vormodernen Gesellschaften Europas, Asiens und des nordlichen Afrikas.

Annals of the Turkish Empire is a narrative of the most important and interesting events which had transpired within the Turkish dominions within seventy years, from 1591 to 1660. Besides other incidents of importance, negotiations and treaties - friendly and commercial with foreign powers, the book includes the authors detailed account of all the wars, offensive and defensive, foreign and domestic, in which the Turks had been engaged during that period. The Grand Vezir, Ferhad Pasha, Deposed, and the Vezirship Conferred on Siavush PashaThe Militia of TabrizThe Mufti Effendi, Bostanizadeh, Deposed, and Zekeria Effendi Appointed in His SteadDisturbance on the Confines of Bosnia and HungaryMovements of the InfidelsNews From the EastConcerning Learned MenThe Spahis Create a Disturbance in the DivanThe Grand Vezir, Siavush Pasha, DeposedA Rupture Betwixt the Ottomans and the AustriansThe Grand Vezir, Sinan Pasha, Determines on Carrying the War Into HungaryThe Enemy Advances to BelgradeFelk Falls Into the Hands of the EnemyThe Faithless Are ChastisedThe Base and Ignoble Infidels Besiege KhutvanThe Siege of OsterghunThe Request of the Prime MinisterYanuk Laid Siege toThe Moslem Warriors Begin an AssaultThe Conquest of YanukKomran Laid Siege toThe Waiwoda of Moldavia RebelsConcerning the Insurrection Occasioned by Michael, Waiwoda of ValachiaDeath of Sultan Murad III.The Late Emperors AgeThe Time of His ReignSome of His Virtues and Good Deeds DescribedVezirs Contemporary With Sultan Murad KhanLearned Men Contemporary With Sultan Murad KhanReverend Doctors Contemporary With Murad KhanFacts Relative to the New Emperor, Sultan Mohammed Khan III.Ferhad Pasha Prepares to Set Out for ValachiaFerhad Arrives on the Banks of the DanubeFerhad is DeposedSinan Pasha Raised to the PremiershipSinan Pasha is Made Grand Vezir a Fifth TimeSinan Pashas DeathIbrahim Pasha is Made Grand Vezir

The Mamluk Sultanate represents an extremely interesting case study to examine social, economic and cultural developments in the transition into the rapidly changing modern world. On the one hand, it is the heir of a political and military tradition that goes back hundreds of years, and brought this to a high pitch that enabled astounding victories over serious external threats. On the other hand, as time went on, it was increasingly confronted with "modern" problems that would necessitate fundamental changes in its structure and content. The Mamluk period was one of great religious and social change, and in many ways the modern demographic map was established at this time. This volume shows that the situation of the Mamluk Sultanate was far from that of decadence, and until the end it was a vibrant society (although not without tensions and increasing problems) that did its best to adapt and compete in a rapidly changing world.

The Humbugs of the World, subtitled "An Account of Humbugs, Delusions, Impositions, Quackeries, Deceits and Deceivers Generally, in All Ages" is a book about hoaxes by famous American businessman P. T. Barnum. Barnum tells tales of some of the worlds greatest deceits, cheats, cons, and delusions, all of which go under the definition of "humbug". He takes the reader on a tour of flakes through history, describing the ways in which even the brightest fell for the conmen and hucksters of their times. The book also shows just how little changes through the centuries, and how many of the descriptions of cons, swindles and quacks are as relevant today as in Barnums time.

Que toda realidade seja concebida como processo em curso que depende de uma relação de interação; que todo real nunca seja analisável como entidade individual, mas como relação; que na origem de todo

The New Jerusalem is a history book written by G. K. Chesterton which deals with the world of the Middle East, and serves as a eulogy on the Middle Ages and the true end of the Roman Empire. Revolving around the central idea of Jerusalem and Zionism, the book gives the basic idea of the Middle East history, offering some insights to its future. Chesterton recognizes the profound differences in approaching the world among groups like Arabs, Jewish people and Western people, and offers some interesting and poetical insights of the Middle East.

O Império Pala foi um império budista da Índia Antiga. Seu nome provém da dinastia que o liderava, cujos governantes tinham nomes que terminam com o sufixo -pala (que significa protetor em prácrito). O reino era centrado em torno do que atualmente e o Bangladesh e o leste da India. Os Palas inauguraram um periodo de estabilidade e prosperidade na regio de Bengala. Eles eram seguidores das escolas Maaiana e Vajraiana do budismo e criaram muitos templos e obras de arte, como o Somapura Maaviara, considerado Patrimonio Mundial pela UNESCO. As universidades de renome de Nalanda e Vicramaxila floresceram sob seu patrocinio. A influencia comercial e cultural dos Palas chegou longe, com redes de comercio e contatos intelectuais que passavam atraves dos Himalaias ate o Sudeste Asiatico. Os arabes registraram-nos como os governantes mais benevolos da India. Gopala I, o primeiro governante da dinastia, chegou ao poder durante os anos 750 em uma eleiço entre governantes regionais. Os Palas foram a ultima grande dinastia budista a governar o Sul da Asia. O Imperio Pala (Bengali: ) foi uma potencia imperial durante o periodo classico tardio no subcontinente indiano, que se originou na regio de Bengala. E nomeado apos sua dinastia governante, cujos governantes tinham nomes que terminam com o sufixo de Pala ( protetor em sanscrito). Eles eram seguidores das escolas mahayana e tantrica do budismo. O imperio foi fundado com a eleiço de Gopala como o imperador de Gauda em 750 d.C. A fortaleza de Pala estava localizada em Bengala e Bihar, que incluia as principais cidades de Vikrampura, Pataliputra, Gauda, Mongir, Somapura, Ramvati (Varendra), Tamralipta e Jaggadala. Os Palas eram diplomatas astutos e conquistadores militares. Seu exercito era conhecido por seu vasto corpo de elefantes de guerra. Sua marinha desempenhou papeis mercantis e defensivos na Baia de Bengala. Os Palas foram importantes promotores da filosofia, literatura, pintura e escultura indianas classicas. Construiram grandes templos e mosteiros, incluindo o Somapura Mahavihara, e patrocinaram as grandes universidades de Nalanda e Vikramashila. O idioma Proto-Bengali desenvolvido sob o dominio de Pala. O imperio desfrutou de relaçes com o Imperio Srivijaya, o Imperio Tibetano e o Califado Abassida Arabe. O Isl apareceu pela primeira vez em Bengala durante o governo de Pala, como resultado do aumento do comercio entre Bengala e o Oriente Medio. A cunhagem abassida encontrada em sitios arqueologicos de Pala, bem como registros de historiadores arabes, aponta para o florescimento de contatos mercantis e intelectuais. A Casa da Sabedoria em Bagda absorveu as realizaçes matematicas e astronomicas da civilizaço indiana durante esse periodo. No seu auge, no inicio do seculo IX, o imperio de Pala era o poder dominante no subcontinente norte, com seu territorio se estendendo por partes do atual Paquisto oriental, norte e nordeste da India, Nepal e Bangladesh. O imperio atingiu seu auge sob os imperadores Dharmapala e Devapala. Os Palas tambem exerceram uma forte influencia cultural sob Atisa no Tibete, bem como no sudeste da Asia. O controle da Pala do norte da India foi, em ultima analise, efemero, pois eles lutaram com os Gurjara-Pratiharas e os Rashtrakutas pelo controle de Kannauj.e foram derrotados. Apos um breve declinio, o Imperador Mahipala I defendeu os basties imperiais em Bengala e Bihar contra as invases de Chola no sul da India. O imperador Ramapala foi o ultimo governante forte de Pala, que ganhou o controle de Kamarupa e Kalinga. O imperio foi consideravelmente enfraquecido pelo seculo XI, com muitas areas envolvidas em rebelio. O ressurgimento da dinastia Hindu Sena destronou o imperio de Pala no seculo XII, encerrando o reinado da ultima grande potencia imperial budista no subcontinente.

A Coreia do Norte é comumente retratada no Ocidente de forma caricatural. Difunde-se a imagem de um regime fechado, à beira do colapso, irracional, que oprime um povo faminto enquanto investe fortuna

William Bradfords Of Plymouth Plantation meticulously documents the trials and triumphs of the Pilgrims as they make their way to the New World and establish the Plymouth colony. Written in a straightforward yet eloquent style, Bradfords work provides readers with a firsthand account of the early settlement period, offering valuable insights into the challenges of colonization and the relationships between the settlers and the indigenous people. The books narrative structure, resembling a diary or journal, adds to its authenticity and immediacy, making it a compelling read for those interested in early American history and literature. William Bradford, as the Governor of Plymouth Colony, was uniquely positioned to record the experiences of the Pilgrims and their interactions with the Native Americans. His firsthand knowledge and leadership role in the colony lend credibility and depth to Of Plymouth Plantation, making it a valuable primary source for historians and scholars studying this period. Bradfords dedication to preserving the history of the Plymouth colony shines through in his meticulous documentation of events. I highly recommend Of Plymouth Plantation to readers eager to explore the origins of American history through the eyes of a key figure in the establishment of the New England colonies. Bradfords intimate portrayal of the challenges and successes of the early settlers offers a rich and informative perspective on the founding of Plymouth Colony.

Since 2007 the Jaffa Cultural Heritage Project has endeavored to bring to light the vast archaeological and historical record of the site of Jaffa in Israel. Continuing the effort begun with The History and Archaeology of Jaffa 1, this volume is a collection of independent studies and final reports on smaller excavations that do not require individual book-length treatments. These include overviews of archaeological research in Jaffa, historical and archaeological studies of Medieval and Ottoman Jaffa, reports on excavations by the Israel Antiquities Authority at both the Postal Compound between 2009 and 2011 and the Armenian Compound in 2006 and 2007, and studies of the excavations of Jacob Kaplan and Haya Ritter-Kaplan in Jaffa on behalf of the Israel Department of Antiquities and Museums from 1955 to 1974.

Beamte, Ingenieure und Wissenschaftler des Russischen Reiches und spater der Sowjetunion planten die Ausweitung und Modernisierung der Bewasserungssysteme und des Baumwollanbaus in Zentralasien. Die Studie, die das heutige Usbekistan und Turkmenistan untersucht, betont die diskursiven und politischen Kontinuitaten uber die Zasur von 1917 hinweg. Einer der zentralen Topoi war die Umwandlung von toten Steppen und Wusten in bluhende Oasen. Der high modernism erreichte seinen Hohepunkt in den Nachkriegsjahrzehnten. Seit den 1970er Jahren entwickelte sich eine Oko-Kritik an der sowjetischen Modernisierung, die in der Perestrojkazeit an Fahrt aufnahm. Letztendlich trugen die okologischen und okonomischen sowie sozialen Folgewirkungen der wachstumsfixierten Modernisierung zum Zusammenbruch des kommunistischen Regimes bei. Officials, engineers and scientists in the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union envisaged the expansion and modernization of irrigation systems and cotton growing in Central Asia. Focusing on the region of todays Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, this book highlights the continuities in discourse and policies beyond the historical divide of 1917. One of the central topoi was the transformation of dead lands into blossoming oases. High modernism policies hit their peak in the post-war decades. From the 1970s, an ecological critique evolved which gained momentum in the Perestroika period. Ultimately, the grave ecological, economic and social consequences of the growth-fixated modernization contributed to the downfall of the Communist regime.

Qiu Guangming, the author of this book, is a researcher on the measuring and weighing systems in China for more thirty years. he has been collecting historical data and examining actual objects, which resulted in in numerous research papers and books. This books examines these systems she has researched.

Qiu Guangming, the author of this book, is a researcher on the measuring and weighing systems in China for more thirty years. he has been collecting historical data and examining actual objects, which resulted in in numerous research papers and books. This books examines these systems she has researched.

This book contributes to the history of medieval Jewry in general, as a basis for a comparative study of the position of the Jews in Christian Europe in the Late Middle Ages. The eight articles written by leading experts on this topic pay special attention to the following issues: the measure of tolerance of the Mamluk rulers and the Muslim populace toward the Jews; Jews in government positions and as court physicians; conversion and attitudes toward converted Jews; the Sufi (mystical) nature of Jewish leadership and its relation to the Sufi Islamic discourse; professional, intellectual, and legal interactions between Jews and Muslims. In the end, the contributions help us to sharpen our understanding of Jewish life during the Middle Islamic Period in the Near East.

The present volume focuses on aspects of Islamic thought in Iran and Yemen, and other regions of the Middle East, ninth through fifteenth century CE, through a close study of manuscript materials. The books sixteen chapters are arranged under five rubrics: Mutazilism, Zaydism in Iran and in Yemen, Twelver Shiism, Mysticism, and Bibliographical Traditions. The material included in the book has been published previously in a different version. The appearance of these studies together in a single volume makes this book a significant and welcome contribution to the field of classical Islamic Studies.

This interesting study of the Copts deserves attention. The Copts are the descendants of the ancient Egyptians, though many of them show a strain of Syrian or Jewish blood, and the Coptic church preserves in a somewhat debased form the primitive Christianity of the fourth century when it parted from Rome and Constantinople. Through the ages the Copts have preserved their faith and their customs; they form about a tenth of the population of Egypt and play a leading part in commerce. This study of the manners and customs of the Copts is notable for its comprehensive and scholarly handling of the subject, for grace of style and rich, descriptive backgrounds.

This Western apologist for Islam claims that no writings on Mohammedanism are "more misleading than those of missionaries," especially those published in recent years. Their writings are said to be cruel and relentless attacks on Islam. This book is a sympathetic study and appreciation of the high ideals and motives of Mohammed and his followers, and consists of four parts: a description of Moslem life in town and village, some reflections and observations in the mosques, a book on the great feasts and festivals, and, finally, the great questions of Islam as interpreted through the Moslems themselves. The book is well written and makes interesting reading, even where those who know Islam can not agree with the authors conclusions.

Miss BlandfordsA Thousand Miles Up the Nile is one of the classics of the literature of Egypt. Her work as an Egyptologist, and deserved reputation as such, began with the expedition of which it is the narrative. The author has studied her subjects with great care; she has consulted and compared authorities ancient and modern, with much industry; and her examination of the remains she describes was a labor of love and enthusiasm. . . Nor does she confine her attention to art and archaeology. She gives many fresh and lively sketches of the often described life of the dahabecah; of its great events, such as sand-storms and of the natives.

Mr. Lofties very pleasant book relates, strictly speaking, to an excursion from Sioot to Luxor, undertaken by the author and three friends in 1879, but it includes as well some entertaining notes en route from England to the East, and a number of instructive chapters on Cairo and its environs. The "Ride" proper, which was taken mostly on donkey-back, conducted the party a little aside from the hackneyed track, and to some of the less well known points of archaeological interest, notably to the ruins of This, or Thinis, claimed by modern Egyptologists as the cradle of ancient monarchy. Nothing fresher or more entertaining on the subject of Egypt has appeared for a long time back than this well-considered volume. Mr. Loftie gives us much that is curious as well as entertaining with regard to antiquities, history, and the humors of the road; and makes a little gentle fun of the school, headed by Mr. Piazzi Smith, which professes to have discovered so much of the secret of the great Pyramid; and he deserves special credit for his forcible and manly exposure of the misdoings and misgovernment of the Khedive, who was at that time still the shielded pet of English stockholders, and of the terrible results of his mal-administration as evidenced by the Fellah famine.

De Guerville, the author of "New Egypt," is able to break through the hedges that surround the divinely-appointed affairs of many foreign places. In his own words he obtained his intormation about the new Egypt from " highly placed personages in the Egyptian world, English, French, natives, and others; these men, keen and talented, who in palaces, ministries, legations, schools, hospitals, bands, or large industrial concerns, are working without ceasing for the regeneration of Egypt." Not for a long time has there been a book of travel that is so very interesting and refreshingly instructive. The author took the trip from Alexandria to Cairo, thence to Luxor, Karnac, Assouan, Khartoum, and Fashoda - now called Kodok. His account of these places is interspersed with facts relative to the French in Egypt, the pleasures of Cairo, Ismail and his reign, the commercial and industrial life of the land, and the social, religious, and political conditions in this rapidly changing country.