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Seleukid Perspectives explore the largest successor kingdom to Alexander the Greats empire. Seleukid kings established their power on the battlefield but did not rely on coercion alone. They constructed an ideal of kingship to render their authority morally and religiously acceptable. For this, they considered the traditions and sensitivities of their soldiers, subjects, and neighbours, while facing the pretensions of their rivals. What was beneficial or tolerable varied dramatically from one polity to the next. This e-book examines local influence on and reactions to Seleukid claims by focusing on rituals, discourse, and creative moments in which ideological themes were shaped. Seleukos I (320281 BCE) closely engaged with the imagery of Alexander and Macedonian rivals, borrowed from Near Eastern traditions, and courted sanctuaries of Apollo. Case studies for his descendants are drawn from Anatolia, Syria, Judaea, Babylonia, and Persia. Praise of the dynasty was more than flattery but part of a process in which subjects actively contributed to perpetuating, modifying, or undermining the royal image. The volume encourages new debates on the complexity and efficacy of Seleukid Ideology.

GEORGE ORWELL é o pseudônimo de Eric Arthur Blair, nascido em Motihari, Índia britânica, em 1903, e educado na Inglaterra. Trabalhou no exército, seguindo a tradição familiar, foi combatente na

This Memorial volume honors the life and work of Prof. Lanny David Bell (April 30, 1941-August 26, 2019), a leading scholar in Egyptology and a beloved teacher and colleague to so many. It includes a biography of Dr. Bell along with contributions from eminent scholars on the topics of ancient art, archaeology, religion, and philology.

Plutarch (born before AD 50, died after AD 120) is the ancient author who has arguably contributed more than any other to the popular conception of Sparta. Writing under the Roman Empire, at a time when the glory days of ancient Sparta were already long in the past, Plutarch represents a milestone in Spartas mythologisation, but at the same time is a vital source for our historical understanding of Sparta. In this volume, eight scholars from around the world come together to consider Plutarchs understanding and presentation of Sparta, his flaws and significance as an historical source, and his development of Sparta as a resonant subject and theme within his bestknown work, the Parallel Lives. This book is the latest in a series which the Classical Press of Wales is publishing on major sources for Sparta. Volumes on Xenophon and Sparta (Powell & Richer 2020) and Thucydides and Sparta (Powell & Debnar 2021) have already been released, and a further volume on Herodotus and Sparta is currently in preparation

Warrior, mighty builder, and statesman, over the course of his 67-year-long reign (1279-1212 BCE), Ramesses II achieved more than any other pharaoh in the three millennia of ancient Egyptian civilization. Drawing on the latest research, Peter Brand reveals Ramesses the Great as a gifted politician, canny elder statesman, and tenacious warrior. With restless energy, he fully restored the office of Pharaoh to unquestioned levels of prestige and authority, thereby bringing stability to Egypt. He ended almost seven decades of warfare between Egypt and the Hittite Empire by signing the earliest international peace treaty in recorded history. In his later years, even as he outlived many of his own children and grandchildren, Ramesses II became a living god and finally, an immortal legend. With authoritative knowledge and colorful details Brand paints a compelling portrait of this legendary Pharaoh who ruled over Imperial Egypt during its Golden Age.

Warrior, mighty builder, and statesman, over the course of his 67-year-long reign (1279-1212 BCE), Ramesses II achieved more than any other pharaoh in the three millennia of ancient Egyptian civilization. Drawing on the latest research, Peter Brand reveals Ramesses the Great as a gifted politician, canny elder statesman, and tenacious warrior. With restless energy, he fully restored the office of Pharaoh to unquestioned levels of prestige and authority, thereby bringing stability to Egypt. He ended almost seven decades of warfare between Egypt and the Hittite Empire by signing the earliest international peace treaty in recorded history. In his later years, even as he outlived many of his own children and grandchildren, Ramesses II became a living god and finally, an immortal legend. With authoritative knowledge and colorful details Brand paints a compelling portrait of this legendary Pharaoh who ruled over Imperial Egypt during its Golden Age.

The historical memory of the principate is for obvious reasons dominated by the emperors, with one exception: Germanicus Caesar, who, though not a ruler, appears in the sources as if he had been one. Chosen by Augustus as his ultimate heir, the embodiment of the dynastic principle, yet never the emperor; put at the head of one third of the Roman army to reconquer Germania, but recalled before the tasks completion; the last to hold an imperium which made him almost a co-regent of the emperor, cut short by his sudden death he reflects like no one the transition of the principate from the Augustan phase to its mature form. Equally significant is the longevity of the memory of his person and the variety of ways in which it was expressed: the only non-emperor commemorated in the Feriale Duranum, he figures on coins struck long after the end of the Julio-Claudians and an edict of his, quoted in a legal text of the 3rd century, appears in the Digesta. To give justice to his memorability, our contributions approach him in the perspective of not only history, classical philology, art history/archaeology and numismatics, but also Egyptology and Roman law.

Esarhaddon, King of Assyria continues Josette Elayis narrative journey through the lives of the kings of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Using both archaeological and textual evidence, Elayi examines the contentious circumstances surrounding Esarhaddons accession to the throne in 681 BCE, his rebuilding of Babylon, which had been destroyed by his father Sennacherib, his successful campaigns in Media, the Arabian Peninsula, Anatolia, the Caucasus, and the Levant, and his ultimate achievement, the conquest of Egypt in 671 BCE. Throughout, Elayi presents a rich portrait of this enigmatic figure, whose short but impactful reign was plagued by chronic illness and a complex--and ultimately fatal--relationship with his court officials. Yet, through it all, Esarhaddon emerges as one of the most scholarly and most politically successful kings of the empire.

Esarhaddon, King of Assyria continues Josette Elayis narrative journey through the lives of the kings of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Using both archaeological and textual evidence, Elayi examines the contentious circumstances surrounding Esarhaddons accession to the throne in 681 BCE, his rebuilding of Babylon, which had been destroyed by his father Sennacherib, his successful campaigns in Media, the Arabian Peninsula, Anatolia, the Caucasus, and the Levant, and his ultimate achievement, the conquest of Egypt in 671 BCE. Throughout, Elayi presents a rich portrait of this enigmatic figure, whose short but impactful reign was plagued by chronic illness and a complex--and ultimately fatal--relationship with his court officials. Yet, through it all, Esarhaddon emerges as one of the most scholarly and most politically successful kings of the empire.

This e-book deals with the intersection between religion, philosophy, and politics in the Graeco-Roman world, and especially in Late Antiquity, with special reference to the figure alluded to in ancient sources with the expression "theios aner". Charisma and leadership are basic elements of this notion: its literary, historical, and ideological context and the different interpretations of holiness and sanctity in a sociopolitical or educative community are researched in this collective endeavour. The scholarly contributions are organized along three sections Holiness, Charisma and Leadership, and Transmission and Reception aiming at an overall analysis of the patterns involving charismatic leadership of the intellectual and spiritual figures in the sources and its socio-political context, with the central axis of Late Antiquity. Thus, together with some methodological considerations, this e-book examines some well-known figures of holiness and attempts to offer a panoramic, transdisciplinary, and comparative view of their cultural and intellectual context, and to determine what socio-political role they had.

The Tetrarchy, the modern name assigned to the period of Roman history that started with the emperor Diocletian and ended with Constantine I, has been a much-studied and much-debated field of the Roman Empire. Debate, however, has focused primarily on whether it was a true system of government, or rather a collection of ad-hoc measures undertaken to stabilise the empire after the troubled period of the 3rd century CE. The papers collected here aim to go beyond this question and to present an innovative approach to a fascinating period of Roman history by understanding the Tetrarchy not as a system of government, but primarily as a political language. Their focus thus lies on the language and ideology of the imperial college and court, on the performance of power in imperial ceremonies, the representation of the emperors and their enemies in the provinces of the Roman world, as well as on the afterlife of Tetrarchic power in the Constantinian period.

In "The Collected Works of George Rawlinson (Illustrated Edition)," the reader embarks on an intellectual journey through the intricacies of ancient civilizations, particularly focusing on Mesopotamia and Persia. Rawlinsons literary style is characterized by its meticulous research and eloquent prose, capturing the grandeur of historical events while compellingly presenting complex archaeological findings. This illustrated edition not only enhances the understanding of his works through rich visual aids but also situates Rawlinsons contributions within the broader context of 19th-century scholarship, where the thirst for knowledge about ancient cultures was fervently pursued amid burgeoning archaeological discoveries. George Rawlinson, a distinguished British historian and classical scholar, was not only a prominent translator of the Assyrian Cuneiform but also an avid traveler whose firsthand experiences richly informed his scholarly endeavors. His upbringing, heavily influenced by the spirit of exploration and academia in the Victorian era, ignited his passion for ancient history. Rawlinsons expertise in Assyriology, along with his profound understanding of languages, uniquely positioned him to illuminate the histories of forgotten empires and capture their legacies within his oeuvre. This illustrated edition is an invaluable resource for scholars, students, and history enthusiasts alike. It invites readers to engage deeply with the civilizations that shaped our world, offering insights that are as relevant today as they were in Rawlinsons time. For anyone keen on the profound impacts of ancient cultures on modern society, Rawlinsons collected works provide a compelling and richly illustrated tapestry of knowledge.

In "Fresh Light from the Ancient Monuments," A. H. Sayce delves into the intersection of archaeology, history, and biblical studies, demonstrating how ancient artifacts and inscriptions can illuminate our understanding of the early Near East. Employing a scholarly yet accessible style, Sayce examines various archaeological findings, including cuneiform tablets and monumental inscriptions, to uncover insights into the cultures and civilizations that shaped the biblical narrative. He situates his work against the backdrop of the late 19th-century archaeological movement, emphasizing the transformative impact of these discoveries on traditional interpretations of biblical texts and their historical contexts. A. H. Sayce was a prominent Assyriologist and a key figure in the study of ancient languages, whose academic endeavors were fueled by a profound belief in the relevance of historical context to scriptural interpretation. Educated at Oxford, Sayces expertise in Semitic languages and his keen interest in the archaeological revolution of his time compelled him to produce this pioneering work, aiming to bridge the gap between ancient texts and their material culture. "Fresh Light from the Ancient Monuments" is an essential read for scholars and enthusiasts of biblical archaeology. Sayces meticulous research and engaging narrative not only enrich our understanding of ancient societies but also invite readers to reconsider the historical underpinnings of biblical texts. This book is a remarkable contribution to the field, making it indispensable for anyone interested in the convergence of archaeology and theology.

Xenophons "The Complete Works" is a monumental collection that showcases the versatility and depth of one of ancient Greeces most significant thinkers. Comprising historical narratives, philosophical treatises, and practical guides, the anthology includes notable works such as "Anabasis," which recounts his daring journey with the Ten Thousand, and "Memorabilia," a series of dialogues illuminating Socratic philosophy. Written in a lucid and engaging style, Xenophons texts blend personal experience with meticulous observation, inviting readers into the rich tapestry of classical thought and the vibrant socio-political landscape of his time, marked by the aftermath of the Peloponnesian War. Born into an aristocratic family around 430 BCE, Xenophon was a soldier, historian, and student of Socrates, experiences that informed his writings. His involvement in the military campaigns of his time, particularly as a mercenary leader, provided him with a unique perspective on leadership, ethics, and human resilience. These elements weave through his works, reflecting both the philosophical inquiries of his mentor and the pragmatic challenges of his experiences. For scholars, students, and enthusiasts of classical literature, "The Complete Works of Xenophon" is indispensable. It offers not only a window into the mind of one of historys great figures but also a profound exploration of themes such as courage, loyalty, and the pursuit of knowledge, making it a vital resource for understanding the foundations of Western thought.

In "The History of Xenophon," the ancient Greek historian and soldier crafts a compelling narrative that intertwines personal experience with broader historical themes, notably the complexities of leadership, warfare, and human nature. Written in a direct and engaging prose style, the text reflects both personal observations from Xenophons campaigns and his philosophical reflections on power dynamics. In a literary context that bridges the gap between narrative history and political philosophy, Xenophon employs a distinctive approach that examines the consequences of decisions made in the heat of battle and the virtues of effective governance, influenced by his time among the Greek mercenaries known as the Ten Thousand. Xenophon, a contemporary of Plato and student of Socrates, brings a unique perspective shaped by his experiences as a soldier and a politician in the turbulent landscape of 4th-century BCE Greece. His insights into the moral and ethical dilemmas faced by leaders are informed by his diverse roles, which include historian, philosopher, and military commander. This multifaceted background imbues his writing with a richness and authenticity that resonate throughout his historical inquiries. Readers interested in the intersection of history and philosophy will find "The History of Xenophon" an invaluable addition to their library. This work not only provides a vivid account of historical events but also prompts thoughtful reflection on the attributes that define effective leadership. Xenophons blend of narrative skill and keen observation makes this text a timeless exploration of human ambition and the lessons learned through conflict.

In "The Greatest Tales of Ancient World," Henry Rider Haggard meticulously curates a collection of his most lauded narratives that traverse the cultures and myths of antiquity. With his signature style, Haggard interweaves rich, evocative prose with an intense sense of adventure and exploration. The text is characterized by its vivid imagery and intricate character development, reminiscent of classical literature but infused with Haggards unique perspective on colonial encounters. Set against a backdrop of ancient civilizations, these tales encapsulate not only the intrigue of lost empires but also the moral dilemmas faced by humanity throughout history. Haggard, well-known for his earlier works such as "King Solomons Mines," was deeply influenced by his extensive travels and fascination with ancient cultures. His experiences in Africa and interactions with indigenous peoples provided him with profound insights into the narratives that shape human understanding and cultural heritage. Through his storytelling, he sought not merely to entertain but to provoke thought on the complexities of civilization and the universalities of human experience. This anthology is a must-read for scholars and enthusiasts of ancient lore and adventure literature alike. Haggards masterful storytelling invites readers to embark on a journey through time, where timeless themes of heroism, love, and morality come alive. Discover the resonance of ancient tales that echoes throughout the ages, rendering this book an essential addition to any literary collection.

E. A. Wallis Budges "The History of Ancient Egyptian Literature" is a critical exploration of the rich literary traditions of ancient Egypt, encompassing poetry, religious texts, and wisdom literature. Budge meticulously examines primary texts while employing a comparative literary analysis to elucidate the thematic and stylistic characteristics that define this ancient canon. The work stands out for its extensive references to original hieroglyphic sources, offering readers insight into the historical context, linguistic intricacies, and cultural significance of Egyptian writings, thereby situating the literature not only within its own temporal frame but also within the broader spectrum of world literature. As a distinguished Egyptologist and curator at the British Museum, Budges expertise in ancient languages and cultures profoundly influenced this work. His immersion in and commitment to the preservation of Egyptian artifacts and writings allowed him to approach the subject with unparalleled authenticity and depth. His career was marked by an insatiable curiosity that drove him to unravel the complexities of a civilization long forgotten yet vital to our understanding of human expression. Readers interested in the intersections of history, literature, and culture will find "The History of Ancient Egyptian Literature" to be an illuminating resource. Budges scholarly rigor paired with his passion for ancient literature makes this book essential for both students and enthusiasts of Egyptology, as it offers a comprehensive and accessible overview of a captivating and often underappreciated literary legacy.

Strabos "Geography" is a monumental work that spans three volumes, offering a comprehensive survey of the known world during the early Roman Empire. The text is marked by its meticulous blend of descriptive geography, ethnography, and historical accounts, intricately detailing various regions, peoples, and cultures. Strabos literary style is both erudite and accessible, employing a systematic approach that allows for the juxtaposition of geographical information with philosophical insights. Written in a time when exploration and cultural exchange were at their height, "Geography" serves as an essential resource that reflects the interconnectedness of civilizations through Strabos keen observations. As a Greek geographer, philosopher, and historian born around 64 BCE, Strabo was deeply influenced by the geographical and cultural milieu of his time, marked by Hellenistic influences and the expansion of Roman power. His travels through various regions enhanced his insights, paving the way for a systematic representation of the world. Strabos work not only showcases his intellectual curiosity but also underscores the importance of geography as a discipline that shapes human understanding and historical narratives. "Geography" is a vital read for anyone interested in the interplay of geography, history, and culture in the ancient world. Scholars, students, and casual readers alike will find Strabos vivid descriptions and analyses enlightening, as they enhance our understanding of the ancient civilizations that have shaped the modern world. This insightful work invites readers to explore the rich tapestry of human experience across the globe.

Ancient Egypt: History, Archaeology & Original Texts is a profound anthology that delves into the rich and captivating world of Ancient Egyptian civilization. This collection traverses overarching themes of time, legacy, and the profound intricacies of a civilization that continues to spark fascination and scholarly debate. Through a diverse array of literary stylesfrom meticulous archaeological surveys to engaging narrative historiesthe anthology offers a comprehensive view into Egypts mystique. It holds a tapestry of insightful pieces that capture the grandeur and complexity of this ancient world, inviting readers to explore standout discussions on Egypts art, religion, and governance. The contributors, including renowned figures such as Arthur Gilman, George Rawlinson, E. A. Wallis Budge, and others, collectively possess a wealth of knowledge and expertise that enlighten the reader. This anthology situates itself within the historical and cultural study movements of the 19th and early 20th centuries, drawing from a blend of Egyptologys early scholarly triumphs. Each author brings a unique perspective forged from their academic endeavors and explorations of Egypts storied past, weaving a narrative that honors the threads of history interlaced with the present. This assembly of distinguished authors provides readers a unique opportunity to immerse themselves in a multiplicity of perspectives on Ancient Egyptian civilization. For scholars, students, or enthusiasts, this collection illuminates the cross-section of history, archaeology, and original textual translations, fostering an enriched understanding of its enduring influence. The anthology stands as a testament to the educational value inherent in the collective wisdom and insights it presents, inviting readers to a lively dialogue with the past and its interpreters through a single, compelling volume.

In The History of Babylon (Illustrated Edition), George Rawlinson presents a comprehensive exploration of one of the worlds most enigmatic ancient civilizations. This meticulously researched work not only chronicles Babylons political and cultural evolution but also delves into its contributions to science, literature, and religion. Rawlinsons literary style is characterized by clarity and precision, blending detailed scholarship with engaging narrative, all enhanced by rich illustrations that breathe life into the historical account. Situated within the broader context of 19th-century historical scholarship, the book reflects growing Western interest in Eastern civilizations during the age of exploration and archaeological discovery. George Rawlinson, a prominent Victorian historian and classical scholar, was deeply influenced by his linguistic expertise and his experiences as a British consul in Persia. His proficiency in ancient languages and his passion for Assyriology fueled his desire to make Babylons history accessible to a wider audience. Rawlinsons works aimed to illuminate the complexities of ancient societies, drawing on a wealth of primary sources and archaeological findings that were becoming increasingly available in his time. This illustrated edition is highly recommended for both scholars and general readers alike, serving as an invaluable resource for understanding Babylons historical significance. Rawlinsons engaging prose, coupled with striking illustrations, makes this work an essential addition to the libraries of those interested in ancient civilizations and their enduring legacies.