FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE, página 7 de 32

A filosofia na era trágica dos gregos (1873) constitui um dos comentários mais importantes da filosofia pré-socrática. Escrito póstumo e inacabado, Nietzsche defende nele a tese de que os pensadores anteriores a Plato foram os unicos que ousaram compreender a dimenso tragica das forças que regem a vida dos homens. Ao contrario da filosofia posterior, no reduziram metafisicamente a realidade a dimenso do certo e do errado. Se costumamos atribuir a Socrates o inicio da filosofia, Nietzsche sugere aqui que talvez ela tenha justamente terminado com ele.

Nietzsche proclamó que Dios ha muerto, y lo hizo para devolver la vida al Hombre. Su ataque contra el cristianismo era en realidad una defensa. En su opinión, el cristianismo había absorbido los valores de la vida, la salud, la jovialidad, para reemplazarlos por los valores de la decadencia, el autodesprecio y el resentimiento del debil. Invirtiendo los valores, el cristianismo habia creado un nuevo sentido en el mundo: el mundo de la realidad material fue asi sustituido por otro mundo mas alla, irreal que usurpo el lugar del mundo verdadero. Este mundo sustituye el dolor animal por el dolor espiritual y la expiacion de los pecados; cuando el unico pecado es, para Nietzsche, el pecado contra la vida perpetrada por el cristianismo con el que se inauguro el tiempo fatal en el cual el principal esfuerzo de la humanidad se orientara contra si misma. Por ello la transmutacion de los valores de Nietzsche debe entenderse como una restitucion: el cristianismo supone una inversion falsa de todos los valores autenticos, de modo que es preciso transvalorar de nuevo esos valores para que el hombre siga existiendo.

Friedrich Nietzsche fue filósofo, escritor, poeta, filólogo y músico, y es considerado uno de los pensadores modernos más influyentes e importantes del siglo XIX. En la Colección Nietzsche, publicada por la editorial LeBooks, el lector tendra la oportunidad de conocer el universo de Nietzsche a traves de sus principales obras. "La Genealogia de la Moral" - "Zur Genealogie der Moral: Eine Streitschrift" - fue publicada en 1887 por Nietzsche. En esta obra, se teje una critica de la moral predominante a traves del estudio del origen de los principios morales que han gobernado Occidente desde la epoca de Socrates. Nietzsche se opone a cualquier tipo de razonamiento logico y cientifico aplicado a la moral, y por lo tanto, lleva a cabo una critica contundente a la razon especulativa y a toda la cultura occidental en todas sus manifestaciones, incluyendo la religion, la moral, la filosofia, la ciencia y el arte, entre otros. Originalmente escrito como un "complemento y clarificacion de Mas alla del bien y del mal", segun se indicaba en la presentacion de la primera edicion, "La Genealogia de la Moral" se ha convertido en uno de los libros mas influyentes y controvertidos de Nietzsche, quien a su vez es considerado uno de los pensadores modernos mas influyentes e importantes.

En una carta dirigida a su amigo Paul Deussen, Nietzsche habla de su Zaratustra como «la Biblia del futuro, la más elevada erupción del genio, en la que está contenido el destino de la humanidad». De

The essays contained in this volume treat of various subjects. With the exception of perhaps one we must consider all these papers as fragments. Written during the early Seventies, and intended mostly as prefaces, they are extremely interesting, since traces of Nietzsches later tenetslike Slave and Master morality, the Supermancan be found everywhere. But they are also very valuable on account of the young philosophers daring and able handling of difficult and abstruse subjects. "Truth and Falsity," and "The Greek Woman" are probably the two essays which will prove most attractive to the average reader.

In 1887, with the view of amplifying and completing certain new doctrines which he had merely sketched in Beyond Good and Evil (see especially Aphorism 260), Nietzsche published The Genealogy of Morals. This work is perhaps the least aphoristic, in form, of all Nietzsches productions. For analytical power, more especially in those parts where Nietzsche examines the ascetic ideal, The Genealogy of Morals is unequalled by any other of his works; and, in the light which it throws upon the attitude of the ecclesiast to the man of resentment and misfortune, it is one of the most valuable contributions to sacerdotal psychology. (summary by the editor of the Samuel translation)

The essays contained in this volume treat of various subjects. With the exception of perhaps one we must consider all these papers as fragments. Written during the early Seventies, and intended mostly as prefaces, they are extremely interesting, since traces of Nietzsches later tenets like Slave and Master morality, the Superman can be found everywhere. But they are also very valuable on account of the young philosophers daring and able handling of difficult and abstruse subjects. "Truth and Falsity," and "The Greek Woman" are probably the two essays which will prove most attractive to the average reader. - from the Preface.

"Mother Earth was an American anarchist journal that described itself as "A Monthly Magazine Devoted to Social Science and Literature". Founded in early 1906 and initially edited by Emma Goldman, an activist in the United States, it published articles by contemporary activists and writers in Europe as well as the US, in addition to essays by historic figures." This is Volume 1 of the series

Of The Twilight of the Idols, Nietzsche says in Ecce Homo: If anyone should desire to obtain a rapid sketch of how everything before my time was standing on its head, he should begin reading me in this book. That which is called Idols on the title-page is simply the old truth that has been believed in hitherto. In plain English, The Twilight of the Idols means that the old truth is on its last legs. Certain it is that, for a rapid survey of the whole of Nietzsches doctrine, no book, save perhaps the section entitled Of Old and New Tables in Thus Spake Zarathustra, could be of more real value than The Twilight of the Idols. Here Nietzsche is quite at his best. He is ripe for the marvellous feat of the transvaluation of all values. Nowhere is his language that marvellous weapon which in his hand became at once so supple and so murderous more forcible and more condensed. Nowhere are his thoughts more profound. But all this does not by any means imply that this book is the easiest of Nietzsches works. On the contrary, I very much fear that unless the reader is well prepared, not only in Nietzscheism, but also in the habit of grappling with uncommon and elusive problems, a good deal of the contents of this work will tend rather to confuse than to enlighten him in regard to what Nietzsche actually wishes to make clear in these pages.

The Joyful Wisdom, written in 1882, just before "Zarathustra," is rightly judged to be one of Nietzsches best books. Here the essentially grave and masculine face of the poet-philosopher is seen to light up and suddenly break into a delightful smile. The warmth and kindness that beam from his features will astonish those hasty psychologists who have never divined that behind the destroyer is the creator, and behind the blasphemer the lover of life. In the retrospective valuation of his work which appears in "Ecce Homo" the author himself observes with truth that the fourth book, "Sanctus Januarius," deserves especial attention: "The whole book is a gift from the Saint, and the introductory verses express my gratitude for the most wonderful month of January that I have ever spent." Book fifth "We Fearless Ones," the Appendix "Songs of Prince Free-as-a-Bird," and the Preface, were added to the second edition in 1887.

A collection of three of Nietzsches writings concerning the music of Wagner. In particular, he relates Wagners music as degenerate, unrefined and unintelligent and relates it to a gradually degenerating German culture and society. The translator provides a detailed introduction. - Summary by the Reader

This is one of Nietzsches early academic writings - a scholarly theory about Ancient Greek theatre, specifically tragedies. In a nutshell, this work theorizes about why spectators enjoy watching actors in a long series of scenes that depict human suffering . It is a curious question, especially at the time since scholars generally thought of the Greeks as "A race of men, well-fashioned, beautiful, envied, life-inspiring, like no other race hitherto" . What did they need tragedy for? The question itself, and the path Nietzsche takes to answer this question, outraged the academic world. Later, an older Nietzsche criticizes this book himself and warns the reader that this text "should be treated with some consideration and reserve; yet I shall not altogether conceal how disagreeable it now appears to me, how after sixteen years it stands a total stranger before me."

Volume 3 of the complete works contains several short critical introductory essays, five lectures under the heading "On the Future of our Educational Institutions," and finally an essay by the author entitled "Homer and Classical Philology." As always, Nietzsche believes in the importance of classical thought.

These are lectures on the education system of Nietzsches day. He states that "This book is intended for calm readers, for those who have not yet been drawn into the mad headlong rush of our hurry-scurrying age, and who do not experience any idolatrous delight in throwing themselves beneath its chariot-wheels. It is for those, therefore, who ... still have time. Without any qualms of conscience they may improve the most fruitful and vigorous hours of their day in meditating on the future of our education." Nietzsche passionately calls for "Ye contemplative ones who cannot, with hasty glances, turn your eyes swiftly from one surface to another! Ye lofty thinkers, of whom Aristotle said that ye wander through life vacillating and inactive so long as no great honour or glorious Cause calleth you to deeds! It is you I summon! Refrain this once from seeking refuge in your lairs of solitude and dark misgivings. Bethink you that this book was framed to be your herald. When ye shall go forth to battle in your full panoply, who among you will not rejoice in looking back upon the herald who rallied you?"

Zur Genealogie der Moral ist ein philosophisches Werk von Friedrich Nietzsche aus dem Jahr 1887. Das Werk, das aus einer Vorrede und drei "Abhandlungen" besteht, gehort zu den einflussreichsten Schriften Nietzsches. Er legte hier keine Aphorismen vor wie in den meisten anderen seiner Werke, sondern langere, systematische Texte mit durchaus wissenschaftlichem Anspruch: Er stellt darin soziologische, historische und psychologische Thesen auf. Nietzsche wollte anders als klassische Moralphilosophen keine Moral herleiten oder begrunden, sondern die geschichtliche Entwicklung und die psychischen Voraussetzungen bestimmter moralischer Wertvorstellungen nachvollziehen. Er fragt also nicht, wie die Menschen handeln sollten, sondern warum Menschen glauben, sie sollten auf bestimmte Weise handeln, oder andere dazu bringen wollen, so oder so zu handeln.Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844-1900) war ein deutscher klassischer Philologe, dessen Hauptwerk jedoch aus Schriften besteht, die ihn - allerdings erst postum - als Philosophen weltberuhmt machten. Als Nebenwerke schuf er Dichtungen und musikalische Kompositionen. Nietzsches Denken hat weit uber die Philosophie hinaus gewirkt und ist bis heute unterschiedlichsten Deutungen und Bewertungen unterworfen. Nietzsche schuf keine systematische Philosophie. Oft wahlte er den Aphorismus als Ausdrucksform seiner Gedanken. Seine Prosa, seine Gedichte und der pathetisch-lyrische Stil von Also sprach Zarathustra verschafften ihm auch Anerkennung als Schriftsteller.

Also sprach Zarathustra ist ein dichterisch-philosophisches Werk. Im Zarathustra nimmt Nietzsche eine grundsatzliche sprach- und erkenntnistheoretische Reflexion auf seine eigene Philosophie vor, indem er die Moglichkeit untersucht, sein Philosophieren zu lehren und als Lehre verbreiten zu konnen. Die gedankliche Grundbewegung des ganzen Werkes ist die eines Scheiterns im Lehren. Gerade aus diesem Scheitern werden wichtige Grundzuge von Nietzsches philosophischem Denken deutlicher erkennbar.Inhalt:Zarathustras VorredeDie Reden ZarathustrasVon den drei VerwandlungenVon den Lehrstuhlen der TugendVon den HinterweltlernVon den Verachtern des LeibesVon den Freuden- und LeidenschaftenVom bleichen VerbrecherVom Lesen und SchreibenVom Baum am BergeVon den Predigern des TodesVom Krieg und KriegsvolkeVom neuen GotzenVon den Fliegen des MarktesVon der KeuschheitVom FreundeVon tausend und einem ZieleVon der NachstenliebeVom Wege des SchaffendenVon alten und jungen WeibleinVom Bi der NatterVon Kind und EheVom freien TodeVon der schenkenden TugendZweiter Teil. Also sprach Zarathustra Das Kind mit dem SpiegelAuf den gluckseligen InselnVon den MitleidigenVon den PriesternVon den TugendhaftenVom GesindelVon den TarantelnVon den beruhmten WeisenDas NachtliedDas TanzliedDas GrabliedVon der Selbst-UberwindungVon den ErhabenenVom Lande der BildungVon der unbefleckten ErkenntnisVon den GelehrtenVon den DichternVon groen EreignissenDer WahrsagerVon der ErlosungVon der Menschen-KlugheitDie stillste StundeDritter Teil. Also sprach Zarathustra Der WandererVom Gesicht und RatselVon der Seligkeit wider WillenVor Sonnen-AufgangVon der verkleinernden Tugend...Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) war ein deutscher klassischer Philologe. Den jungen Nietzsche beeindruckte besonders die Philosophie Schopenhauers. Spater wandte er sich von dessen Pessimismus ab und stellte eine radikale Lebensbejahung in den Mittelpunkt seiner Philosophie. Sein Werk enthalt scharfe Kritiken an Moral, Religion, Philosophie, Wissenschaft und Formen der Kunst. Die zeitgenossische Kultur war in seinen Augen lebensschwacher als die des antiken Griechenlands. Wiederkehrendes Ziel von Nietzsches Angriffen ist vor allem die christliche Moral sowie die christliche und platonistische Metaphysik. Er stellte den Wert der Wahrheit uberhaupt in Frage und wurde damit Wegbereiter postmoderner philosophischer Ansatze. Auch Nietzsches Konzepte des "Ubermenschen", des "Willens zur Macht" oder der "ewigen Wiederkunft" geben bis heute Anlass zu Deutungen und Diskussionen.

Beyond Good and Evil (German: Jenseits von Gut und Bose), subtitled "Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future" (Vorspiel einer Philosophie der Zukunft), is a book by the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, first published in 1886.It takes up and expands on the ideas of his previous work, Thus Spoke Zarathustra, but approached from a more critical, polemical direction.In Beyond Good and Evil, Nietzsche attacks past philosophers for their alleged lack of critical sense and their blind acceptance of Christian premises in their consideration of morality. The work moves into the realm "beyond good and evil" in the sense of leaving behind the traditional morality which Nietzsche subjects to a destructive critique in favour of what he regards as an affirmative approach that fearlessly confronts the perspectival nature of knowledge and the perilous condition of the modern individual.

En El Anticristo, Friedrich Nietzsche presenta su análisis crítico de la religión cristiana y su impacto en la sociedad occidental. A través de un estilo filosófico provocativo y poético, Nietzsche cuestiona las bases morales y eticas del cristianismo, proponiendo una nueva vision del mundo basada en la individualidad y la voluntad de poder. Este libro se destaca por su profunda reflexion sobre la decadencia de la moral tradicional y la necesidad de una transformacion radical en el pensamiento humano. Publicado en 1888, El Anticristo es una obra clave en la filosofia existencialista y ha influenciado a pensadores y escritores modernos. Friedrich Nietzsche, un filosofo aleman del siglo XIX conocido por su critica a la moralidad tradicional y su defensa del nihilismo, fue influenciado por su experiencia personal y su profundo conocimiento de la historia y la filosofia. Recomiendo El Anticristo a aquellos interesados en la filosofia, la religion y la moral, ya que desafia las ideas establecidas y fomenta la reflexion critica sobre la sociedad y la cultura occidental.