Libros de Historia de los países de América, página 6 de 215

This book offers an innovative perspective on the ever-widening gap between the poor and the state in Latin American politics. It presents a comprehensive analysis of the main social movement that mobilized the poor and unemployed people of Argentina to end neoliberalism and to attain incorporation into a more inclusive and equal society. The piquetero (picketer) movement is the largest movement of unemployed people in the world. This movement has transformed Argentine politics to the extent of becoming part of the governing coalition for more than a decade. Rossi argues that the movement has been part of a long-term struggle by the poor for socio-political participation in the polity after having been excluded by authoritarian regimes and neoliberal reforms. He conceptualizes this process as a wave of incorporation, exploring the characteristics of this major redefinition of politics in Latin America.

Although the Guatemalan Civil War ended more than two decades ago, its bloody legacy continues to resonate even today. In Silenced Communities, author Marcia Esparza offers an ethnographic account of the failed demilitarization of the rural militia in the town of Santo Tomas Chichicastenango following the conflict. Combining insights from postcolonialism, subaltern studies, and theories of internal colonialism, Esparza explores the remarkable resilience of ideologies and practices engendered in the context of the Cold War, demonstrating how the lingering effects of grassroots militarization affect indigenous communities that continue to struggle with inequality and marginalization.

Facendo chiarezza su una complessa trama di vicende personali e collettive - tra storia religiosa, politica, sociale e culturale - il volume ricostruisce rincontro tra i cattolici italiani e l'America latina dopo il Concilio Vaticano li, nel periodo che va dalla seconda conferenza dell'Episcopato latinoamericano di Medellin nel 1968 alle contestate celebrazioni del cinquecentenario della "scoperta" delle Americhe (1992). Al tempo stesso mette in luce una storia inedita della guerra fredda, dal particolare osservatorio delle reti transnazionali che collegavano parti vive della societa e della Chiesa italiana ai fermenti in atto neH'"altra America". Si analizzano forme di solidarieta, iniziative missionarie, programmi di aiuti che laici, religiosi e sacerdoti, istituzioni ecclesiastiche ma anche partiti politici e movimenti italiani, svilupparono in America latina, facendo emergere l'impatto emozionale, culturale e politico, che quelle esperienze ebbero sull'immaginario collettivo italiano e sull'identita ecclesiale e dei cattolici. L'opzione per i poveri, la teologia della liberazione, le comunita ecclesiali di base, l'indigenismo, ma anche il dialogo con il marxismo, i golpe militari, le violazioni dei diritti umani, insieme alla fama di personaggi quali Hélder Cámara, Camilo Torres, Gustavo Gutiérrez. Oscar Romero, Samuel Ruiz... contrassegnano l'agire di personalita divise tra Italia e America latina (Arturo Paoli, Linda Bimbi, Giulio Girardi...) o sensibili a molteplici forme eli solidarieta interoceanica (Giorgio La Pira, David Maria Turoldo, Armando Oberti...). Un viaggio - compiuto attraverso documentazione scritta e orale, carte d'archivio, pubblicistica - alla scoperta dell'"altra America", che rende conto di attori e relazioni capaci di far sentire i loro influssi sull'Italia di oggi, abitata, come mai in precedenza, da migranti latinoamericani e, per la prima volta, da un pontefice giunto dalla "fine del mondo".

Le mouvement étudiant est présenté comme un acteur pertinent pour relire intégralement le processus révolutionnaire mexicain. Tantôt contestataire des pouvoirs en place, tantôt son héritier légitime, il a su nourrir la révolution de références européennes et latino-américaines et a contribué a sa circulation dans l'espace atlantique par le biais des relations internationales étudiantes.

From the middle of the nineteenth century until the 1888 abolition of slavery in Brazil, Rio de Janeiro was home to the largest urban population of enslaved workers anywhere in the Americas. It was also the site of an incipient working-class consciousness that expressed itself across seemingly distinct social categories. In this volume, Marcelo Badaro Mattos demonstrates that these two historical phenomena cannot be understood in isolation. Drawing on a wide range of historical sources, Badaro Mattos reveals the diverse labor arrangements and associative life of Rio's working class, from which emerged the many strategies that workers both free and unfree pursued in their struggles against oppression.

Latin American business schools have grown in scale and quality in recent decades, yet they have received a relatively low level of attention globally when compared to schools from other parts of the world. This book seeks to address this dearth of attention and provide an in-depth examination of management education in the region. The book examines the main historical, cultural, social, political, and economic aspects of the Latin American continent and describes the evolutionary path of business education in the region until its current state. It analyzes and interprets the major events, key issues, impact of different actors, main changes, and "blind spots" in the evolution of management education in Latin America over the last 10 years. It then identifies the biggest on-going challenges confronting business education on the continent and discusses whether a Latin American model for management education is a realistic proposition. Finally, the book explores how the competitive environment of business education in the region will evolve over the next 10 years, and how these changes will influence the critical issues facing Latin American management education.

CHINA AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN LATIN AMERICA: THE SOCIAL AN D ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION

Centering Animals in Latin American History writes animals back into the history of colonial and postcolonial Latin America. This collection reveals how interactions between humans and other animals have significantly shaped narratives of Latin American histories and cultures. The contributors work through the methodological implications of centering animals within historical narratives, seeking to include nonhuman animals as social actors in the histories of Mexico, Guatemala, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Chile, Brazil, Peru, and Argentina. The essays discuss topics ranging from canine baptisms, weddings, and funerals in Bourbon Mexico to imported monkeys used in medical experimentation in Puerto Rico. Some contributors examine the role of animals in colonization efforts. Others explore the relationship between animals, medicine, and health. Finally, essays on the postcolonial period focus on the politics of hunting, the commodification of animals and animal parts, the protection of animals and the environment, and political symbolism.Contributors. Neel Ahuja, Lauren Derby, Regina Horta Duarte, Martha Few, Erica Fudge, Leon Garcia Garagarza, Reinaldo Funes Monzote, Heather L. McCrea, John Soluri, Zeb Tortorici, Adam Warren, Neil L. Whitehead

Mexico's National Indigenist Institute (INI) was at the vanguard of hemispheric indigenismo from 1951 through the mid-1970s, thanks to the innovative development projects that were first introduced at its pilot Tseltal-Tsotsil Coordinating Center in highland Chiapas. This book traces how indigenista innovation gave way to stagnation as local opposition, shifting national priorities, and waning financial support took their toll. After 1970 indigenismo may have served the populist aims of president Luis Echeverria, but Mexican anthropologists, indigenistas, and the indigenous themselves increasingly challenged INI theory and practice and rendered them obsolete.

Nineteenth-Century Spanish America: A Cultural History provides a panoramic and accessible introduction to the era in which Latin America took its first steps into the Modern Age. Including colorful characters like circus clowns, prostitutes, bullfighters, street puppeteers, and bestselling authors, this book maps vivid and often surprising combinations of the new and the old, the high and the low, and the political and the cultural. Christopher Conway shows that beneath the diversity of the New World there was a deeper structure of shared patterns of cultural creation and meaning. Whether it be the ways that people of refinement from different countries used the same rules of etiquette, or how commoners shared their stories through the same types of songs, Conway creates a multidisciplinary framework for understanding the culture of an entire hemisphere. The book opens with key themes that will help students and scholars understand the century, such as the civilization and barbarism binary, urbanism, the divide between conservatives and liberals, and transculturation. In the chapters that follow, Conway weaves transnational trends together with brief case studies and compelling snapshots that help us understand the period. How much did books and photographs cost in the nineteenth century? What was the dominant style in painting? What kinds of ballroom dancing were popular? Richly illustrated with striking photographs and lithographs, this is a book that invites the reader to rediscover a past age that is not quite past, still resonating into the present.

Since the inception of Maya studies, the issue of water supply in Classic Maya society has been a matter of controversial debate. Due to the annually recurring dry seasons the availability of water during this period is and has always been problematic. In the light of these conditions, the fact that the pre-Hispanic Maya were able to establish, developed and maintain prosperous urban centres over long periods is hard to explain. In order to resolve this open issue, this book aims to explain the water management strategies of the Maya in pre-Hispanic times. To this end, this volume analyses the intricate relationship between the natural environment and the adaptation strategies of the pre-Hispanic population, whose physical remains were documented in the form of hydraulic features. A large section of this book discusses the different forms, functions, and the geographic distribution of the published hydraulic features. The main body of this monograph focuses on the archaeological investigation of the hydraulic system of Uxul, a medium-sized Maya centre in the south of the state of Campeche, Mexico. As many open research questions could be addressed and studied in this site, the hydraulic system of Uxul acted as a central point of reference for the evaluation of the socio-political relevance of water management in the Maya Lowlands. This book identifies both the natural causes for water scarcities and the cultural adaptation strategies that were designed to overcome them. Due to this comprehensive approach, the present book is the most extensive and exhaustive account on the hydraulic features of the Maya Lowlands and thus enables representative statements on the sociopolitical relevance of water management in Classic Maya society.

BEUTE UND CONQUISTA: DIE POLITISCHE ÖKONOMIE DER EROBERUNG NEUSPA NIENS DISSERTATIONSSCHRIF

Présentation thématique des grandes civilisations du Pérou ancien : les origines, l'architecture, les seigneurs mochica et le pouvoir du ciel, le pouvoir de la femme dans les sociétés mochica et de Lambayeque. Le catalogue reproduit des photographies et des reconstitutions 3D des temples et palais ainsi que les trésors des tombes (céramiques, bijoux, coiffes, etc.).

Sabotage is the deliberate disruption of a dominant system, be it political, military or economic. Yet in recent decades, sabotage has also become an artistic strategy most notably in Latin America. In Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Chile and Argentina, artists are producing radical, unruly or even iconoclastic work that resists state violence, social conformity and the commodification of art. Sabotage Art reveals how contemporary Latin American artists have resorted to sabotage strategies as a means to bridge the gap between aesthetics and politics. The global status of and market for Latin American art is growing rapidly. This book is essential reading for those who want to understand this new, dissident work, as well as its mystification, co-option and commercialisation within current academic historiographies and art-world curatorial initiatives."

Postmodernism may seem a particularly inappropriate term when used in conjunction with a region that is usually thought of as having only recently, and then unevenly, acceded to modernity. Yet in the last several years the concept has risen to the top of the agenda of cultural and political debate in Latin America.This collection explores the Latin American engagement with postmodernism, less to present a regional variant of the concept than to situate it in a transnational framework. Recognizing that postmodernism in Latin America can only inaccurately be thought of as having traveled from an advanced capitalist "center" to arrive at a still dependent neocolonial "periphery," the contributors share the assumption that postmodernism is itself about the dynamics of interaction between local and metropolitan cultures in a global system in which the center-periphery model has begun to break down. These essays examine the ways in which postmodernism not only designates the effects of this transnationalism in Latin America, but also registers the cultural and political impact on an increasingly simultaneous global culture of a Latin America struggling with its own set of postcolonial contingencies, particularly the crisis of its political left, the dominance of neoliberal economic models, and the new challenges and possibilities opened by democratization.

In 1946 Juan Peron launched a populist challenge to the United States, recruiting an army of labor activists to serve as worker attaches at every Argentine embassy. By 1955, over five hundred would serve, representing the largest presence of blue-collar workers in the foreign service of any country in history. A meatpacking union leader taught striking workers in Chicago about rising salaries under Peron. A railroad motorist joined the revolution in Bolivia. A baker showed Soviet workers the daily caloric intake of their Argentine counterparts. As Ambassadors of the Working Class shows, the attaches' struggle against US diplomats in Latin America turned the region into a Cold War battlefield for the hearts of the working classes. In this context, Ernesto Seman reveals, for example, how the attaches' brand of transnational populism offered Fidel Castro and Che Guevara their last chance at mass politics before their embrace of revolutionary violence. Fiercely opposed by Washington, the attaches' project foundered, but not before US policymakers used their opposition to Peronism to rehearse arguments against the New Deal's legacies.

This innovative and provocative volume focuses on the historical development of racial thinking and imagining in Mexico and the southwestern United States over a period of almost five centuries, from the earliest decades of Spanish colonial rule and the birth of a multiracial colonial population, to the present. The distinguished contributors to the volume bring into dialogue sophisticated new scholarship from an impressive range of disciplines, including social and cultural history, art history, legal studies, and performance art. The essays provide an engaging and original framework for understanding the development of racial thinking and classification in the region that was once New Spain and also shed new light on the history of the shifting ties between Mexico and the United States and the transnational condition of Latinos in the US today.

Coeditado con el Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo.Sin desconocer la importancia que tiene todo texto constitucional, el presente libro propone volver al estudio de los Congresos Hispanoamericanos de la epoca de las independencias con la idea de hacer visible el activismo politico y el quehacer legislativo de los diputados que conformaron los primeros cuerpos colegiados representativos de la soberania nacional. Para ello, centra su atencion en actores reales, hombres de carne y hueso, imbuidos de motivaciones y sentimientos, educados en valores y creencias, en un contexto de crisis internacional y circunstancias historicas concretas.Sirviendose de la prosopografia, la genealogia y la biografia intelectual, analiza a grupos e individuos, asi como a las redes politico-intelectuales establecidas entre los mismos y explica por que los documentos constitucionales emanados del Supremo Congreso Mexicano entre 1813 y1814 tuvieron las caracteristicas que hoy conocemos. Por otro lado, el estudio demuestra como circularon las nuevas ideas politicas y la manera en que estas influyeron en los diputados en el momento de plantear el nuevo diseño constitucional basado en la division de poderes.La obra es el resultado de un amplio proceso de investigacion, sustentad...

En marzo de 2017 se encontraron en Madrid el autor y Roberto (Bobby) Batista, hijo del que fuera un humilde mestizo de origen campesino de la entonces provincia de Oriente, obrero ferroviario, luego sargento taquígrafo del Ejército, cabecilla de la "revolución de los sargentos" en 1933, convertido en general y jefe del Ejército en un turbulento período republicano que culminaría con la convocatoria de una plural Convención Constitucional, cuyo resultado fue uno de los textos más progresistas de América, la Constitución de 1940. Ese mismo año, Batista fue elegido democráticamente Presidente por un período de cuatro años y en 1944 dio paso al ganador de las elecciones, Ramón Grau San Martín. El 10 de marzo de 1952, Batista dio un golpe de Estado para deponer al gobierno de Carlos Prío Socarrás, electo democráticamente en 1948. En enero de 1959, Fidel Castro lo expulsó del poder, iniciando una revolución aún vigente. Al primer encuentro entre Jacobo Machover y Bobby Batista siguieron otros. En todos, ambos singulares exiliados, confrontaron sus experiencias y sus ideas en torno a la compleja valoración histórica de la polémica figura de Fulgencio Batista -el sargento revolucionario, el constitucionalista, el presidente democrático, el dictador… Y cómo su imagen, paradójica sin duda, ha sido convertida en una grotesca caricatura por sus enemigos. Sus diálogos necesariamente se ampliaron para evaluar y juzgar el período político iniciado por Fidel Castro, pronto convertido en un régimen totalitario amparado bajo una identidad comunista.

El proces d'emancipació cubà va tenir un gran impacte al nostre país, i les posicions dels catalans d'aquí i d'allà van ser, sovint, contraposades. El proces d'independencia cubà no nomes va constitu