eBooks de Microbiología, página 2 de 4

Cryptococcal meningitis has become the most common lethal opportunistic fungal infection in people with HIV and AIDS. Prompt treatment depends on awareness of the common symptoms. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with Cryptococcus meningitis in HIV infected patients in Kisumu District.

Managing bacteria and their bioflms in wounds is vital in achieving wound healing. Determination of antimicrobial and antibioflm activity of diferent remedies such as dexpanthenol and propolis- natural bee product- alone and/or in combination with topical antimicrobial agents on Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus wound infection was the aim of the this study.

Hypersensitivity to Anisakis species is a worldwide medical problem. The aim of this study was to detect the immunological response in experimental mice, through measurement of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in their lympho-cytes by fow cytometry, following the ingestion of Anisakis crude antigen.

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on a total of 253 [203 shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and 50 non-STEC] Escherichia coli isolates from difer-ent raw meats, RTE meat foods, drinking water and human diarrhoeic samples in Pun-jab, India. Among the 20 antimicrobial agents tested, resistance was most frequent for penicillin (253/253, 100%) followed by linezolid (249/253, 98.4%), erythromycin (245/253, 96.8%), streptomycin (232/253, 91.7%), tetracycline (223/253, 88.1%), am-picillin 123/253,48.2%), cephotaxime (106/253,41.9%), trimethoprim (93/253, 36.8%)), co-trimoxazole (85/253, 33.6%), cefaclor (84/253, 33.2%), amoxycillin (79/253, 31.3%), ciprofoxacin (78/253, 30.8%), kanamycin (76/253, 30.0%), norfoxacin (62/253, 24.5%), ofoxacin (60/253, 23.7%), chloramphenicol (35/253, 13.8%), Polymyxin-B (27/253, 10.6%), colistin (25/253,9.9%), amikacin (22/253, 8.7%) and gentamycin (17/253, 6.7%). Out of 203 STEC isolates 73 (35.9%) showed resistance to more than 50% of the anti-biotics tested. Only one isolate from pork showed resistance to 90% of the antibiotics tested. Cluster analysis also revealed that human isolates were diferent from other E. coli isolated from meat and meat products sources. The distribution of resistance determinants for tetracycline and streptomycin was assessed by PCR in resistant iso-lates. The most common resistance determinants were tetA (60%) and tetB (27%). Forty seven per cent of the isolates contained both strA and strB genes, 33% and 10% isolates carried strA and strB genes, respectively and 10% of isolates did carry neither strA nor strB. Cloning and sequencing of tetA and tetB genes of O69 shiga toxin-pro-ducing E. coli isolate from bufalo meat showed 99-100% homology with published sequences of related isolates in GenBank. Antibiotic susceptibility studies revealed that meat, RTE meat products, drinking water and human diarrhoeic samples from Punjab, India contains multiple drug resistant strains of E. coli which may serve as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes in the food environment and may transmit to humans through food chain.

Owing to the inability of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to distinguish between signals originating from viable cells and DNA released from dead cells, (i.e. it can detect dead cells) a risk exists that DNA from dead cells can result in false-positive PCR signals, so it is important to use a proper method for sterilization to maintain the accuracy of the quantitative real-time PCR assay.

Owing to the inability of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to distinguish between signals originating from viable cells and DNA released from dead cells, (i.e. it can detect dead cells) a risk exists that DNA from dead cells can result in false-positive PCR signals, so it is important to use a proper method for sterilization to maintain the accuracy of the quantitative real-time PCR assay.

Prevalence of group B streptococcus in pregnant women attending a tertiary hospital in Ghana in 2001.

Ascites can present a challenging diagnostic problem. Bacteria caus-ing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) may difer in patients with and without underlying malignancies. To date, reports focusing on patients with malignancies and ascites are less. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and causative agents of SBP in cancer and non cancer patients and the antibacte-rial susceptibilities of these microorganisms. Also, to identify diferences, if any, in polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell count, interleukin (IL)-6 concentration, and diferent biochemical diagnostic parameters, we analyzed for infected and non infected as-cites in both groups.

Infections due to gram-negative bacilli are common in cancer pa-tients during aggressive therapy. The presented study determined the microbial spectrum and antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria isolated from various infection sites in hospitalized cancer patients in Egypt.

Over the past decade, an increasing trend in vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus has been reported. The phenomenon has been a topic of great interest in light of limited new and novel antimicrobial therapy in recent years. The goals of this study were to examine the relationship between high vs. low vancomycin MIC and patient outcomes, to assess the usage of vancomy-cin over time, and to determine whether an increase in vancomycin MIC had occurred among MRSA clinical isolates over time.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is a serious problem in patients hospitalized with cancer, cystic fbrosis (CF) and in intensive care units (ICUs). Twitch-ing motility contributes to the virulence of P. aeruginosa and permits colonization and infection of the respiratory tract. Genetic relatedness and cross-infection by multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa could be identifed by the random ampli-fed polymorphic (RAPD) PCR genotypic identifcation system.

UTI is an important cause of morbidity in pediatric population; early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is essential in order to avoid long term com-plications. Therefore this study was done to estimate the magnitude of UTI among febrile children attending Bugando Medical Centre and also to provide the insight on treatment options and sensitivity of diagnostic tests.

Actinomyces hyovaginalis A11-2, a soil isolate obtained throughout a previous screening program able to transform vitamin D3 to its biologically active form, calcitriol (1α, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3).

Afatoxin exposure has been shown to cause cell-mediated immune suppression and enhance HIV viral replication. Such immune suppression from afa-toxin can impair resistance to both infectious diseases

Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, especially the metallo beta lactamase (MBL) positive ones, are fast coming up the list of pathogens causing nosocomial infections. Thus it should be a present day concern of all tertiary care hospitalto detect the presence of MBL positive Acinetobacter baumannii.Aims: To determine the presence and extent of MBL positive Acinetobacter bauman-nii group.

The WHO estimates that almost 2 billion people are infected with one or more of these soil transmitted helminths, accounting for up to 40% of the global morbidity from infectious diseases, excluding malaria. Out of these, approximately 300 million infections result in severe morbidity, which are associated with the heaviest worm burdens. In recent years much new information has been obtained about the epidemiology, population biology and public health signifcance of infections ofintestinal helminthsin humans.

Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria is associated with various infections in humans. Isolation of Aeromonas sobria in patients with gastroenteritis is not unusual. We describe a case of Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria gastroenteritis in a young patient. This is the frst documented case reported from Pakistan.

Approximately 60% of emerging human pathogens are zoonoses. The complex na-ture of the human-animal interface is constantly infuenced by the efects of climate change, anthropogenic and natural factors. Geoclimatic change most markedly af-fects zoonotic diseases transmitted by arthropod vectors. Travel, tourism and trade are the major human factors impacting the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases. The re-emergence of zoonotic diseases is also driven by pathogen adaptation and ani-mal migration. All these factors converge to make zoonotic diseases such as West Nile fever and Lyme disease of great public health concern in the developed world. However, the efects of climate change are predicted to be worse for the developing world where challenging socioeconomic and political environments are exacerbated by a lack of epidemiological studies on zoonotic diseases.

A 24-year-old man, injection drug user (IDU) and HIV-positive was admitted to the Infectious Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in February 2010, with a history of two months of malaise, night sweating and weight loss. He complained of fever and chills. On examination, pale conjunctivae and a palpable spleen were the only remarkable clinical fndings. PPD skin test was not reactive and chest X-ray was also normal. Abdominal CT scan revealed multiple hypodense regions suggestive for splenic abscesses. Diagnostic laparatomy and splenectomy were performed. Defnite tuberculosis infection became evident after that Ziehl- Neelsen staining of the infammated tissue was performed and suspected acid-fast bacilli of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were detected under microscopy. Consecutively, the tuberculostatic treatment including isoniazid (300 mg daily), rifampicin (600 mgr daily), ethambutol (800 mgr daily) and pyrazinamide (1000 mgr daily) were initiated; He eventually began to improve and the fever resolved within 10 days.

Nowadays, the diagnosis of echinococcus infection with multiple organs involvement is not frequent in clinical practice. We report the case of a 35- year-old woman admitted to the Imam Khomeini Hospital with simultaneous liver and lung cysts. In endemic areas, workup of echinococcal infection should be considered when a patient presents with cystic lesions of multiple organs.