Ebooks de historia, página 24 de 2153

The fleets and naval forces employed by the Roman Empire have traditionally been conceived as a Roman navy that guarded the waterways of the Mediterranean and the northern frontier. No longer facing major competition at sea, this navy is supposed to have gradually decayed over the 1st and 2nd centuries until being swept away during the barbarian invasions of the 3rd. Directly challenging the concept of a Roman navy and associated narratives of institutional decline, this book reassesses the role and development of fleets and naval forces of the late Roman Mediterranean (3rd6th centuries). This is accomplished through a systematic investigation into the fate of the early imperial classes as well as the creation and development of new classes in the later Empire.Beyond these obvious naval forces, this book also examines the employment of ships by other non-naval military units and the creation of ad hoc fleets for major campaigns. Finally, it analyses the evolution in design and employment of military galleys over the same period, providing a more comprehensive and balanced understanding of the role and transformation of the fleets and ships used by the late Roman military.

"Objects of Understanding" brings together studies of artifacts, collections, and practices in science education from the early 18th century to contemporary times. Even though science education plays a crucial role in the formation, stabilisation, dissemination, transfer and transformation of scientific knowledge and practices, its history remains still an underexplored topic.This is true even more so for its material cultures and practices. Demonstration, experimentation by teachers and students, model making and dissection, but also image projection and showcasing objects have been central to science education throughout its history. Extensive teaching collections, teaching infrastructure and the architecture at schools, colleges and universities bear witness to the importance of these cultures and practices. The Chapters from various disciplines, geographical regions and contexts demonstrate the richness as well as the high potential of the field.

This monograph presents a novel investigation of the magistri militum, the highest-ranking officers within the late Roman army. It posits that between 340 and 395 CE, specific magistri seized opportune moments, notably during the political voids following emperors deaths, to reshape the character of their office and expand its pivotal role in the military-political sphere. This transformation played a decisive role in the eventual dissolution of the Western Roman Empire.Furthermore, the study employs the prosopographical method to reevaluate previous scholarship regarding the proportion of barbarian and Roman generals. Notably, the research posits that the balance between Roman and non-Roman officers was far more equitably distributed than hitherto conjectured. Additionally, prosopography is used to reconstruct the fourth-century cursus honorum.Finally, this work utilizes the analytical framework of social network analysis, predicated upon the application of mathematical equations and formulae to elucidate the intricate dynamics of positive and negative relationships. The findings of this study furnish valuable insights and prospects for further research.

This volume examines the way the Belgian historian of religions Franz Cumont (18681947) and his contemporaries conceived of early Christianitys relation to the ancient mystery cults. As the comparative study of religion rose to academic prominence in late 19th century Europe, this question provoked fiery debates, fuelling methodological, ideological, and religious divides between scholars of different scientific and personal backgrounds. Cumont was a worldwide authority in the scientific study of the religions orientales, but he expressed his opinion on their relation to Christianity only ambiguously. Yet, his publications deeply impacted the debates of his time because of the numerous similarities they revealed between Christian and pagan traditions. Written by specialists from various academic disciplines (e.g., history of religions, theology, New Testament studies), this collection of papers offers a much-needed study of how Cumont and other leading 19th century scholars discussed this theme. It also offers critical reflections on what is left of their ideas in present-day research on this most fascinating subject matter in the study of ancient religion.

The only Arabic voice to have witnessed the Ottoman conquest of Cairo, Ibn Iys, is an eminent historical source for the late Mamluk period. This book is the first to take stock of the authors complete works, approaching him through an examination of his narrative voice and writing strategies. Tracing Ibn Iyss working process by compilation analysis, it shows how the author adapted his representations of Egyptian history to his writing projects and audience. Ibn Iyss ways of worldmaking are shaped deeply by beliefs, biases and intellectual trends as well as the impact of the social and historical context the author wrote in. Knowing these conditioning factors allows to understand his presentation of history as an individual voice of his time.

Demanding and offering tribute is a most common feature in human societies and nothing special to China. In the course of the development of Neolithic and later societies social classes have developed where persons who achieved superior positions first could demand presents or tribute from neighboring societies they defeated and then, with the assistance of sturdy servants from their own people. China was certainly no exception to that principle and one of the first terms for tax was thus gong, tribute. In Chinas early, feudatory social system, tribute was demanded from lower political entities, and the mutual political relations were already highly developed during the Zhou dynasty (1045256 BCE). This system of inner Chinese relations became a sort of matrix when China expanded and achieved contact with countries which were more or less independent, and thus the tribute system evolved. The individual case studies in this volume focus on the latest manifestations of the tribute system in late Imperial China.

The Ukrainian Euromaidan in 201314 and the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war in the Eastern part of the country have posed new questions to historians. The volume investigates the relevance of the cults of the fallen soldiers to Ukraines national history and state. It places the dead of the Euromaidan and the forms and functions of the emerging new cult of the dead in the context of older cults from pre-Soviet, Soviet and post-Soviet times from various Ukrainian regions until the end of the presidency of Petro Poroshenko in 2019. The contributions emphasize the importance of the grassroot level, of local and regional actors or memory entrepreneurs, myths of state origin and national defense demanding unity, and the dynamics of commemorative practices in the last thirty years in relation to pluralist and fragmented processes of nationand state-building. They contribute to new conceptualizations of the political cult of the dead.

Beyond MAUS. The Legacy of Holocaust Comics collects 16 contributions that shed new light on the representation of the Holocaust. While MAUS by Art Spiegelman has changed the perspectives, other comics and series of drawings, some produced while the Holocaust happened, are often not recognised by a wider public. A plethora of works still waits to be discovered, like early caricatures and comics referring to the extermination of the Jews, graphic series by survivors or horror stories from 1950s comic books. The volume provides overviews about the depictions of Jews as animals, the representation of prisoner societies in comics as well as in depth studies about distorted traces of the Holocaust in Herges Tintin and in Spirou, the Holocaust in Mangas, and Holocaust comics in Poland and Israel, recent graphic novels and the use of these comics in schools. With contributions from different disciplines, the volume also grants new perspectives on comic scholarship.

This crossdisciplinary collection of essays combines qualitative and quantitative approaches to re-examine the most influential contemporary theories of intercultural relations and their application in various domains including historiography, sociology and cultural studies. A particular focus lies on Central Europe, historical Banat and Transylvania, but also on the current public policies toward ethnic and religious minorities as well as recent immigrants. It argues that much more complex approaches are needed, both historically and conceptually, in exploring intercultural relations. Thus, the political decision-making in East Central European countries and the European Union as a whole could benefit from a well-informed historical perspective by learning from the successes and errors of their predecessors.

The Russian Empire and the Soviet Union were multiethnic and multireligious empires, which ruled over a large number of Jews and Muslims. In many ways these two non-Christian minorities presented similar challenges to the imperial order. Which policies did the state pursue toward Jews and Muslims? How did Jews and Muslims attempt to advance their interests in the political sphere? Which role did they play in the imperial army? What did the Jewish and Muslim Enlightenment movements have in common? In which respects were the experiences of Jews and Muslims fundamentally different? This book brings together specialists in Russian-Jewish and Russian-Muslim history and offers perspectives for a comparative approach to the history of Jews and Muslims in Russia.

Based on an analysis of a variety of early medieval writings from Britain, including De Excidio et Conquestu Brittaniae by the Briton Gildas, the early Welsh collection of stanzas commonly referred to as Y Gododdin, and the Venerable Bedes Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum, his Historia Abbatum and Chronica Maior, Strategies of Identity Construction provides evidence of an active and productive medieval discourse of ethnic and political identity construction in Britain. The book demonstrates that different gentes, even competing peoples, use the same strategies to construct and communicate their identities. This phenomenon is not only visible when comparing the different writings which were subject to analysis in this research, but can also be seen when analyzing changes the writings underwent during the transmission processes of their manuscripts throughout the Middle Ages. Elements of a discourse of identity construction here not only appear to be productive, but can also be seen in close connection with historical, political and social developments at the same time, rendering the study of the discourse of identity construction an important tool for providing a modern understanding of medieval politics and societies in periods of change and transition.

Following discussions on scientific biography carried out over the past few decades, this book proposes a kaleidoscopic survey of the uses of biography as a tool to understand science and its context. It offers food for thought on the role played by the gender of the biographer and the biographee in the process of writing. To provide orientation in such a challenging field, some of the authors have accepted to write about their own professional experience while reflecting on the case studies they have been working on. Focusing on (auto)biography may help us to build bridges between different approaches to men and womens lives in science. The authors belong to a variety of academic and professional fields, including the history of science, anthropology, literary studies, and science journalism. The period covered spans from 1732, when Laura Bassi was the first woman to get a tenured professorship of physics, to 2009, when Elizabeth H. Blackburn and Carol W. Greider were the first womens team to have won a Nobel Prize in science.

While Jewish Palestine has been at the focus of scholarly interest, Greek Palestine has not yet received similar attention. This e-book attempts to investigate the intellectual life in that country in the Hellenistic world and in the Roman Empire. The two perspectives taken are a full prosopographical survey of Greek intellectuals in ancient Palestine and an in-depth study of the Greek intellectuals in one particular city, Ascalon. A survey of the penetration of Latin among the educated Greek-speaking inhabitants of the country concludes the e-book.Joseph Geiger (DPhil Oxon, Shalom Horowitz Professor of Classics Emeritus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem) is the author of over one hundred learned articles, ranging from historiography and biography to intellectual history, with forays into Talmudic studies and classical topics in art and literature. His books include Cornelius Nepos and Ancient Political Biography, Masada II: The Latin and Greek Documents (with H.M. Cotton), and The First Hall of Fame: A Study of the Statues of the Forum Augustum. He was Visiting Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and Visiting Professor at Heidelberg and Yale.

The search for knowledge of the future and for divine help is found in all ancient Mediterranean cultures. The key question of this e-book is: What are the interdependences between divination and processes of individualization or de-individualization in the ancient world? Individualization is understood as a process of change on the societal level. In contrast, individuation is a development on the personal level. Discussions about the definition of these terms are continuing. Divination may always have some effects on processes of individuation and individualization. Divination may be a means and this list does not claim to be exhaustive of legitimising decisions, to decide competition or to achieve distinctiveness. This e-book covers aspects from archaic Greece to the High Empire. Not all articles argue along the same lines: nothing highlights better the lively debate and the many open questions in the field of ancient divination.

Superpower détente during the Nixon-Ford Administration led to the formation of an East-West regime aimed at conflict control and systemic stability. Equal Security was the proclaimed goal. By institutionalizing bipolarity, however, the bilateral US-SU Strategic Arms Limitation Talks actually threatened Western European security, for global security and Alliance security were ultimately incompatible. NATO Europe feared the emergence of a global directorate of the superpowers and became apprehensive that the US would be ready to abandon the cause of Europe and sacrifice European and German unity for the sake of a stable world order. In reaction, NATO Europe sought to shape the SALT process to ensure that equal security applied to all the Soviet Union, the United States and the European Allies. This e-book analyses the linkages between SALT, MBFR, NATO and the special Anglo-American nuclear relationship. It also explores how NATO Europe penetrated US decision-making and co-shaped the US SALT agenda and how Scoop Jackson Democrats and NATO Europe aligned to preserve Western block superiority, freezing the SALT II process. Based on recently declassified European archival material, the e-book offers a fresh interpretation of and a new look at SALT.

This e-book is a collection of essays written by pre-eminent scholars across the globe on key topics and problems in medieval and early modern economic history of Britain and central Europe. The ebook is dedicated to Ian Blanchard, emeritus professor of medieval economic history at the University of Edinburgh (United Kingdom).

Monarchy, that is, a political order characterized by a single ruler, is an understudied aspect of Greek politics and culture. The contributors to this e-book provide a unified scholarly framework in which to interpret the sociological as well as the ideological side of monarchic regimes from archaic Greek tyranny to Hellenistic monarchy in Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean. Taking their cue from Hans-Joachim Gehrkes essay on the victorious king, published here in an updated English translation, the contributors bring to the surface common trends and features that make it possible to sketch an integrated history of monarchic rule in ancient Greece from the Archaic to the Hellenistic age. Topics of contributions include the image of the archaic tyrant as legitimate and illegitimate ruler, the rhetoric of Hellenistic monarchy outlined in philosophical treatises on monarchy, the impact of the rise of Hellenistic monarchy on pre-existing political orders such as tyranny in Sicily and dual monarchy in Sparta, and the influence of this ideological model on political traditions in Anatolia and Palestine in the Late Hellenistic period.

Thirteen expert historians and philosophers address basic questions on historical time and on the distinctions between past, present and future. Their contributions are organised around four themes: the relation between time and modernity; the issue of ruptures in time and the influence of catastrophic events such as revolutions and wars on temporal distinctions; the philosophical analysis of historical time and temporal distinctions; and the construction of time outside Europe through processes of colonialism, imperialism, and globalisation.

»Helpless Imperialists« enquires into the relation between imperial exposure, fear, radicalization and violence and highlights moments of peripety bringing imperialist grandeur to collapse.

Thema dieses Buches ist die Organisation und Regulierung von Seuchenbekampfung und Gesundheitsfursorge in der britischen Kolonie South Carolina und der franzosischen Kolonie Louisiana zwischen 1720 und 1763. Welche Akteure waren an der Implementierung und Durchsetzung von Manahmen im Gesundheitsbereich beteiligt? Welche Handlungsweisen wahlten sie? Diese Fragen stehen im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung. Die Autorin zeigt, dass sich die Formen lokaler politischer Organisation in den beiden Kolonien trotz der tiefgreifenden Unterschiede in Bezug auf Strukturen und Strategien der beiden Kolonialmachte stark ahnelten. Dies legt den Schluss nahe, dass die lokalen Gegebenheiten innerhalb der Kolonien einen mindestens ebenso groen Einfluss auf lokale Governanceformen hatten wie die Struktur des jeweiligen Kolonialreichs. Das Buch eroffnet damit einen frischen Blick auf die Realitaten kolonialen Regierens im fruhneuzeitlichen Nordamerika.Focusing on the field of health care and disease control as a field of policy that was of pivotal importance for the existence and stability of European colonies in the south-eastern areas of the North American continent, the book analyzes modes of local organization and regulation in French Louisiana and British South Carolina during the first half of the eighteenth century. The work shows that, in spite of completely different imperial strategies and systems of rule, striking similarities existed between French and British colonies with regard to governance modes and the nature of agents involved in political organization. This attests to the fact that governance practices on the local and the colonial levels were informed at least as much by local conditions as by the nature of the empire to which the colonies respectively belonged. The work offers a fresh and unique perspective on the realities of colonial rule in early modern North America, thus challenging traditional notions which stress the differences between the French and British colonial empires in North America with regard to administrative practices.