Ebooks de historia, página 28 de 2153

Is there a moral economy of capitalism? The term "moral economy" was coined in pre-capitalist times and does not refer to economy as we know it today. It was only in the nineteenth century that economy came to mean the production and circulation of goods and services. At the same time, the term started to be used in an explicitly critical tone: references to moral economy were normally critical of modern forms of economy, which were purportedly lacking in morals. In our times, too, the morality of capitalism is often the topic of debate and controversy. "Moral Economies" engages in these debates. Using historical case studies from the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries the book discusses the degree to which economic actions and decisions were permeated with moral, good-vs-bad classifications. Moreover it shows how strongly antiquitys concept of "embedded" economy is still powerful in modernity. The model for this was often the private household, in which moral, social, and economic behavior patterns were intertwined. The do-it-yourself movement of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries was still oriented towards this model, thereby criticizing capitalism on moral grounds.

Every time that something happened in Austria after 1918, the country was under observation: as German-Austria, the First Republic, the Corporative State, the Alpine and Danubian Gaue of the Greater German Reich, the Second Republic right up to the present day. People looked, heard and generally did not keep silent, and this has not changed. As though Austria were still the same testing ground for the end of the world that Karl Kraus described it as. A gripping and varied overview of Austrian history over the last 100 years.

The Christian ascetic way of life clustered mainly around the Mediterranean and roughly covered the period between 350 and 800. It is determined by norm and exercise. But what are norm and exercise with regard to Christian asceticism? Whatever renunciations may be required in order to practice a given ascetic regimen, no goal can be achieved without a specific technique (or a set of exercises) and without following a principle of order (or a norm). This implies an intense dialectic which sometimes seems to resolve into a perfect identity: regula et vita, "rule and life", or, in a more neutral language, "norm and exercise". This set of papers addresses this crucial point and thereby challenges the usual chronological as well as geographical divisions in the history of early Christianity. As a result, the categories of norm and exercise are presented as a new solution to put the available sources in order.

This volume offers a dialogue with and through the medieval informed by cultural categories of performativity and simultaneity in on-line media, architecture, film, poetry, and social formations. The articles depart from Medievalism Studies and attempt to answer questions such as: How do medievalists, artists, writers, and entertainment industries communicate, replicate, and evoke medieval formations? How do national and transnational discursive fields relate to understandings of the medieval in its many unstable states? Where are the communal memory sites and what functions do they serve for those who are associated with them? Where are the medieval disjunctions and conjunctions of race, ethnicity and time in a settler society? And what do place, nature, and landscape have to do with it?

The transnational approach has led to the emergence of new historical research areas and topics. With the concept of "transfer history", there has been a growing interest in historical studies of religious communities because they were early "global players". Originating typically in France, many Catholic sisterhoods settled in numerous other European and non-European countries. Likewise, Protestant deaconess motherhouses became a popular German export in the nineteenth century. The contributions to this anthology examine the transnational history of the deaconess movement, focusing on the example of Protestant deaconesses who worked as nurses. Focal point is a nursing organisation that was founded in the 1830s in Germany, but was subsequently exported to many European and even non-European countries. If the deaconess motherhouses wanted to stand a chance of survival in these countries, they had to adapt to the specific cultural and societal contexts. Due to these adaptation processes, the deaconess motherhouses are particularly suitable for an international comparative and transfer history.

Cyprus, the third largest island in the Mediterranean, came under Roman domination during the late Republican Civil War. Due to its position outside of the political and strategic centres of the Empire, Roman Cyprus was something of a terra incognita among ancient historians. This e-book investigates communication between this "quiescent" province and the Roman emperor through the exploration of fascinating epigraphic evidence concerning the imperial cult and imperial representation on the island (dedications, statues, oaths, priests, calendars etc.). The central themes of the e-book are the religious status of the emperor embedded in the Cypriot religious milieu, political relationships between Cyprus and the Empire and their influences on the imperial cult performed on the island, and the part played by imperial representation in the life cycle of the Cypriots. The appendix catalogues the relevant inscriptions, with translations and other related information.

The third international conference on "Archaeology and Conservation along the Silk Road" was met with as much enthusiasm as the earlier ones, with participants joining from near and far. The historic city of Tabriz, which once was the melting pot for cultures across the Silk Road(s), now as venue of this conference from 1416 November 2018, facilitated dialogues to re-live, re-exchange and re-search the impact that Silk Road has had from then to now. Albeit a century-old topic of academic discourse, the Silk Road(s) continues to open up variety of new disciplinary and regional fronts; included in this volume. The Research Institute for Cultural Heritage and Tourism, Iran, collaborated with the Nanjing University, China, and the Institute of Conservation, University of Applied Arts Vienna, Austria, for this congress, which saw plenty of scientific studies on material heritage and their resultant significance in shaping the lifestyle and trade in different regions along the Silk Road(s).

In the area of Balat on the eastern Dakhla Oasis the archaeological mission of the French Institute for Oriental Archaelogy has uncovered a large area consisting of various camps dating from the early 4th Dynasty (ca. 2600 BC), which were briefly but intensively occupied. These are understood to have served as residential base camps for some of the indigenous (and not yet fully sedentary) population of the oasis, the so-called Late Sheikh Muftah group. Little is known about this rather enigmatic group, but the excavations at Balat have revealed for the first time a well-preserved intra-site stratigraphy with hitherto unknown dwelling features for Sheikh Muftah contexts. The data gathered here is based on analysis of the features, the material culture and in-depth scientific studies. The new evidence offers not only hints about local crafts, food production and environmental conditions in Balat, but also represents a new contribution to ongoing discussions on subsistence and patterns of mobility of non-sedentary groups in the Western Desert. This has given archaeologists a glimpse of the lifestyle of the Sheikh Muftah group, and also, for the first time, shone a spotlight on daily life in a camp site in the oasis depression. The date of this occupation in the Early Old Kingdom falls into a period when Egyptian Pharaonic presence was just beginning to be evident in archaeoogical data. Cross-cultural contacts between the Balat Sheikh Muftah community and the Egyptian Pharaonic population, both within the oasis and into the Nile Valley are also in evidence and contribute to the discussions on transcultural exchange and assimilation processes in the oasis.

From a manuscript that was lost for more than half a century comes new information about one of the greatest Jewish communities of all time. The court diaries of Rabbi Hayyim Gundersheim (d. 1795), a member of the rabbinic court of late eighteenth-century Frankfurt, sheds light on daily life in the Judengasse("Jewish lane"), home to over 3,000 people, including Meyer Amschel Rothschild, founder of the famous banking family. Familial quarrels, squabbles between neighbors, legal proceedings over business deals gone sour, real estate transactions, and other disputes brought before the rabbinic court offer a window onto the world of daily life in the Frankfurt Jewish community during the waning years of the citys ghetto. Rabbi Gundersheims court diaries are more than just a prism through which to view daily life. A Window on Their World provides a transcription of over 200 cases that were brought before the rabbinic court between 1773 and 1794. Readers now have access to records that reveal not just the workings of the Jewish community but also the place of Jewish tradition in the culture. The transcription of each case in the original Hebrew is accompanied by an English language summary. Edward Fram has also prepared comprehensive indices of the names of all individuals mentioned in the court diaries as well as a glossary of non-Hebrew terms. Pertinent documents from the Frankfurt pinqas, or community record book, have also been provided in order to give readers a more complete picture. Frams introduction to the diary includes a biographical background, an outline of Jewish legal autonomy in the early modern period, and a discussion of the importance of court documents as legal and historical sources. The volume is an indispensible source for anyone interested in European Jewish culture on the eve of the Enlightenment.

Durante más de 50 años los discursos de las FARC han encontrado un amplio mercado, no solo en la sociedad política y cultural colombiana, sino también en el espacio iberoamericano e, incluso, en Europa. El poder simbolico de estos, ha tenido una influencia nada desdeñable, porque han sido muchos los demandantes y consumidores de los mismos. Sabedores de tal efecto, los propagandistas del discurso fariano han sabido contextualizar sus mensajes y ?formalizar? sus codigos en el horizonte cultural de amplios sectores sociales, no unicamente colombianos, tambien iberoamericanos y europeos.En este libro se analiza la entidad estructural de algunos de estos discursos farianos, con la intencion de comprender el alcance de los mismos en la conformacion de los universos simbolicos de amplios sectores de la estructura social de Colombia. De ellos se desprenden unos ?valores subjetivos? que las FARC manipularon siempre para reivindicar, reiteradamente, un pacifismo populista y una vision unilateral y parcial de la historia que, la mayor parte de las veces, aparecio disfrazada de memoria. Y asi, una determinada memoria, en la insurgencia de esta guerrilla, ha venido suplantando a la historia y la ha subvertido imponiendo un discurso presentista cuya pervivencia sigue siendo muy importante en la sociedad colombiana de hoy.Tales son algunas de las vias novedosas de exploracion que, en este libro, explican la pervivencia, durante mas de medio siglo, de este movimiento guerrillero, el mas longevo de Iberoamerica. El lector, desde tales parametros, puede adentrarse en el complejo y fascinante mundo de esta famosa guerrilla cuyos ?discursos? sirvieron, tanto para reivindicar una revolucion socio-comunista, como para ?explicar? su conversion en un gran cartel de la droga.

The studies in this volume share a focus on religion in the ancient Mediterranean world: How ritual, myth, spectatorship, and travel reflect the continual interaction of human beings with the richly fictive beings who defined the boundaries of groups, access to the past, and mobility across land and seascapes. They share as well the methodological exploration of the intersection between human sciencesthe integration of numerous disciplines around the study of all aspects of human life from the biological to the culturaland the study of the past. In so doing, they continue a long dialogue that engages with critical models derived from specializations within history, philology, archaeology, sociology, and anthropology, and addresses, increasingly, the potentialities and pitfalls of quantitative and digital analyses. Many of the threads in this long conversation inform these chapters: the comparative project, human social evolution, disciplinary reflexivity, religion as an embedded, functional, and structural system, and the role for agency, networks, and materiality.

Between 1931 and 1939, central Athens was transformed by the expropriation and demolition of the Vrysaki neighborhood at the foot of the Acropolis. In these few years, more than 5,000 inhabitants were displaced and 348 properties were torn down so that the American School of Classical Studies at Athens (ASCSA) could excavate the ancient Agora; the scale of the project and the degree to which it was documented make this a unique episode in the history of Greek archaeology. Using materials from the ASCSA Archives and a large collection of photographs from the 1930s, this volume details the history of the negotiations, the expropriations, and, most importantly, the Vrysaki neighborhood itself. Illustrating its streets, shops, houses, names, and faces, the author provides a vivid recreation of the community that was Vrysaki.

Herakles and Hercules: two names for a figure of pervasive appeal in Antiquity. He was a hero of myth and a god with cult associations. He was ancestor of Macedonian kings, patron of Carthaginian generals and of Roman emperors, and a role model for Stoic philosophers. As a performer of the famous labours, wanderer, liberator, madman and murderer of kin, Herakles-Hercules has retained his fascination down to the present. The eleven new studies in this volume explore why this figure appealed so widely in Antiquity. They examine his role in ancient myth and philosophy, drama and art, as well as in politics and propaganda, warfare and religion.

With Aristomenes of Messene, Daniel Ogden identifies yet another fertile and undervalued topic in Ancient History. He has previously studied illegitimacy in the ancient Greek world (Greek Bastardy, OUP, 1996), Greek ideas about the relationship between deformity and power (Crooked Kings of Ancient Greece, Duckworth, 1997), the nature and causes of dynastic murder in the Hellenistic world (Polygamy, Prostitutes and Death, Classical Press of Wales, 1999) and the techniques of calling up the dead in the ancient world (Greek and Roman Necromancy, Princeton UP, 2001). Among his other books is a volume edited for the Classical Press of Wales, The Hellenistic World: New perspectives (2002).The legends of Aristomenes, hero of the Messenian resistance to Sparta, were designed to excite, gratify and amuse. Yet they remain almost unknown even to specialist ancient historians. This book, the first monograph to be devoted to Aristomenes, redirects attention to his adventures, which at times resemble those of King Arthur, Robin Hood and even Sinbad the Sailor. The book goes beyond the question of the historicity of Aristomenes, and examines the meaning and symbolism of the stories in their own right. The study will be welcomed by those with an interest in the history of Sparta, in Pausanias (our principal source for the tales), and in Greek traditional narrative. Famously, Sparta tried to suppress the identity and self-confidence of its Messenian helots. Yet here are stories which give access to the imagination of this long-muted but ultimately liberated people..

The son of Pompey the Great cast a long shadow. Acclaimed by the Roman populace in his lifetime, his traditional virtues and military successes put to shame his civil-war rival Octavian. After his death, he was passionately and safely abused by Octavian and Augustan writers as a marginal nuisance, a pirate. The image of a second rank figure has been propagated by scholars into recent times. But a very different story can now be constructed, from the testimony of historians and poets in antiquity and from the eloquent and long-neglected coinage of Sextus Pompeius himself. Here ten studies from an international cast reveal a figure whose actions and image shaped the ethos not just of the civil-war period but of the early Principate.

The plays of Seneca the Younger, minister and philosopher under Nero, are today increasingly studied, appreciated and performed. Here, in twelve new papers from a distinguished international cast, scholars explore established questions, such as whether the plays were written for the stage, and newer topics such as the playwrights subtleties of characterisation, his relation to contemporary Roman spectacle and art - and the problems arising in translating him to modern text or stage.

The Greeks, in Dr. Johnsons phrase, shock the mind by ascribing effects to non-entity. The culture of ancient Greece was thronged with personifications. In poetry and the visual arts, personified figures of what might seem abstractions claim our attention. This study examines the logic, the psychology and the practice of Greeks who worshipped these personifications with temples and sacrifices, and addressed them with hymns and prayers. Emma Stafford conducts case-studies of deified abstractions, such as Peitho (Persuasion), Eirene (Peace) and Hygieia (Health). She also considers general questions of Greek psychology, such as why so many of these figures were female. Modern scholars have asked, Did the Greeks believe their own myths? This study contributes importantly to the debate, by exploring widespread and creative popular theology in the historical period.

Cremna, a ruined city of southern Turkey, has one of the most spectacular sites in Asia Minor, high in the Taurus mountains. For a long time a stronghold of hellenised Pisidians, Cremna was refounded as a veteran colony by the emperor Augustus. From the age of Hadrian until the early third century AD the colony enjoyed a boom in public buildings, whose remains still adorn the site. Disaster struck in the late third century when Cremna became a centre for a regional insurrection against Roman rule. Roman forces staged a major siege of the city, and recaptured it in AD 278. A bishopric in Late Antiquity, Cremna was abandoned in the sixth or seventh century. This book gives a detailed reconstruction of Cremnas life and history, based on an intensive survey of the archaeological remains between 1985 and 1987. There is a lively account of the survey itself. The book also traces the story of the rediscovery of the site in 1833 and the contribution of early travellers and archaeologists. There is a full study of the public building programme of Cremna from the first century BC to the third century AD; of the aqueduct, water supply and domestic housing; and of the church building in Late Antiquity. The highlight of the archaeological survey was the discovery of numerous remains of the Roman siege of AD 278. The siege of Cremna demonstrates classical techniques of Roman siege warfare, which hitherto were best known from Josephus account of the Jewish Revolt in AD 66-73. Cremna in Pisidia is written in a style accessible to general readers as well as to specialists. It is not only a definitive account of an important city of the Roman East. It is also a case-study exploring many of the common characteristics of civic life in the Roman world.

I have often wondered as to how much inexhaustible variety of knowledge and expertise is packed in Mohans lean and thin frame. The best of all is that his writings bring a lot of knowledge in an easy reading, which is laced with his customary wit and humour, thus making for compulsive reading. Keep writing Mohan, our friend, so that we can keep going!General Nirmal Chander Vij,PVSM, UYSM, AVSMMohan Kanda delights us even as he educates us in these nuggets of plain good sense, intelligence and, above all, utter honesty. If wisdom can come with a smile or laughter with a lesson, they do so in these editorials. I can only say, Keep writing, dear friend.Gopalkrishna Gandhi,formerly Diplomat and Governor of West Bengal.An amazing and heady mix of reflections and recollections, not only pertaining to the vast variety of postings of Mohan over his career, but also about matters of interest and importance, especially to the youth. Every day something entirely different is thrown up and that keeps interest going.V.K. Agnihotri, former Secretary General, Rajya SabhaContents:1. Bringing up the Parents2. Incredible India Wallowing in Neglect3. History or Farce or a Political Tool?4. Allergy to Dissent5. Man and Machine The Love-Hate Game6. Who is saying No to Telugu?7. Balancing the Self-Respect Bandwagon8. Losses - Real and Perceived9. Spirituality and Politics!10. Delayed Announcements Deny Benefits11. Rollback Sops for All Religions12. Pragmatism or Populism?13. An Idea whose Time Hasnt Come14. Only Time Will Tell if the Budget is Good15. Fund of Funds Release @ NITI16. Why States are Seeking More17. AP Summits and MoUs Why Intentions do not become Investments18. South may be Sour Grapes for BJP19. All is Fair in Legislatures and War20. Jo Dikhta, Wo Bikta21. Day Zero Zeroing in on us22. Time to Revisit Standard Time23. A Myopic Govt that is Penny Wise.24. Costs of Aping China25. Waste not Solid Opportunities26. Past Efforts must be Recognized27. India Must Gird up its Loins as a Messenger of Peace28. Intolerance of a different Kind29. Lateral Entry Feature Disquieting30. In the Fitness of Things31. Sympathy Seldom Fetches Votes32. Working at Cross-Purposes33. Beware Fake News Swamp34. NCM Defeat Augurs Well for the Nation

The warhorse has long been emblematic of medieval chivalry and power, depicted in art, literature, and the grand narratives of knightly valor. Yet, behind these depictions lies a nuanced history that intertwines the fate of the warhorse with the social, political, and military developments of its time. This book, The Warhorse in England: 1272-1327, seeks to illuminate the warhorses essential role during the reigns of Edward I and Edward II-an era marked by almost perpetual conflict and the zenith of cavalry use in English warfare. Drawing on an extensive range of primary sources, including previously unpublished army inventories, royal stable records, and medieval veterinary texts, this study goes beyond the warhorses symbolic representation to examine its practical importance in military campaigns. It considers the full lifecycle of these animals, from breeding and training to deployment, and the toll that warfare exacted on their health. In doing so, it reveals not only the substantial investment of resources required to sustain warhorse populations but also the implications of their care on medieval administrative and logistical practices. This work also engages with a broader context, integrating perspectives from military history and animal studies to reevaluate how warhorses influenced the structure of armies and the experiences of those who relied upon them. By examining equine practices through meticulous analysis of financial records, army lists, and breeding documentation, this book provides fresh insights into medieval Englands martial landscape and the interplay between human and animal agency.