Ebooks de historia, página 29 de 2153

This volume is devoted to the discussion of Tell el-Yahudiyeh Wares repertory, unearthed in the Middle Bronze Age sites of the northern Levant. These juglets initially emerged in the northern Levant in two separate regions in Syria-Palestine. These two variants developed in two lines producing the Syro-Palestinian and the Levanto-Egyptian lines. This distinction should be from now on essential in considering Tell el-Yahudiyeh Ware. A significant focus is given to the collections discovered, over the last decades, in Damascus Oasis and southern Syria, labeled here the Syrian Tell el-Yahudiyeh Ware (Branch K). A large part of this Syrian corpus is introduced here for the first time. The evaluation shows that this material comprises more than half of Tell el-Yahudiyeh Ware in the northern Levant and was used from the beginning of the 18th to the middle of the 16th century BCE. Moreover, light is shed onto the archaeological contexts where the vessels originally belonged. This approach enhances the perception of this wares value and position in the material culture in the Middle Bronze Age Levant. All things considered, this book is a new addition to many decades of research that aims to understand the origin and development of one of the most challenging elements of the Middle Bronze Age pottery tradition.

This volume celebrates the 50th anniversary of the Institute of Near Eastern Archaeology at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. It draws on archival records, research and administrative data, but above all on the memories of its members since its foundation in 1970. The history of the Institute, teaching experiences and research achievements are the three interwoven cornerstones between which the contributions move. The lively picture of a community of practitioners is at the same time an appreciation of the past and an advertisement for a further examination of the "cradle of cultures".

This volume presents over fifteen years (1981-1996) of archaeometallurgy surveys and specifically the excavations of an Early Bronze Age miners village, Goltepe and its associated tin mine, Kestel. The results of the surface surveys, test pit operations, profile trenches and excavation finds demonstrate that processing of cassiterite-rich ore was the primary function of activities at Goltepe. The variety and density of tin-rich vitrified crucibles as well as ground, powdered tin-rich ore from excavated contexts were only some of the several lines of evidence. Other finds indicated that the site was profoundly associated with metal production. Weighty evidence came in the numbers of multifaceted molds, ingots and tin bronze artifacts. Furthermore, 50,000 ground stone tools for ore dressing and vitrified material grinding were estimated on the site surface, while 5,000 came from excavated contexts. Early Bronze Age Goltepe and Kestel Mine represent the as-yet unique example of the highland production model, that is, the industrial tier 1 of the extraction and processing of raw materials for the production of metal artifacts. This model entails the mining and smelting operations in the metalliferously rich ore deposits and forests, usually located in the mountains, in this case, the central Taurus Mountains in southern Turkey.

This book is the tenth volume in the series of excavation reports about the harbor town of Pseira, which is located on the island of the same name, just off the northeast coast of Crete. The book focuses on the excavation and interpretation of the architecture and material culture in Block AF. This southern group of buildings is one of the most important areas in the settlement because of its long succession of building phases. Block AF provides the fullest sequence of building phases from any one area at Pseira, with habitation extending from before MM II to LM III. It has examples of complex architectural details including a "pillar crypt," elaborate upstairs floors, a well-preserved U-shaped staircase, and a well-designed kitchen, all of which contribute significantly to our knowledge of East Cretan building practices. In addition to domestic pottery, the houses furnish examples of stone tools, stone vessels, loom weights, inscriptions in Linear A, cult objects, animal bones, marine shells, and a wide range of material recovered from water sieving. This latter category, with burned grain, fish bones, shells, and other categories of materials, fills many gaps in our knowledge of Pseiran life.

At first sight, the cliffside site of Katalimata looks like an extreme refuge place where one might expect small groups of people hiding for a brief time during the most serious period of threat. Excavation of the largest of the terraces, however, has shown that use of the place was often long-lasting and more complex. The most interesting result of the project was the identification at Katalimata of almost all the same phases known from elsewhere in Crete as periods of disturbances, relocations, and destructions. This monograph provides a detailed discussion of the six occupational phases recorded on the largest of Monastiraki Katalimatas terraces and offers a reconstruction of the sites role in the context of Cretan history.

For almost half a century, Vivian Nutton has been a leading figure in the study of ancient (and less ancient) medicine. The field itself has been revolutionised over that time. In this volume distinguished colleagues and former students develop, in his honour, key themes of his ground-breaking scholarship. Spanning from the Bronze Age to the Digital Age, involving the cult of Artemis and the corpuscular theories of Asclepiades of Bithynia, the medicinal uses of beavers and the cost of health-care and wet-nursing, case-histories, remedy exchange and the medical repercussions of political assassination, this book has at its centre the pluralism and diversity of the ancient medical marketplace. The lively interplay between choice and competition, unity and division, communication and debate, so notable in Vivian Nuttons foundational vision of the world of classical medicine, is richly examined across these pages.

El presente volumen colectivo analiza los horizontes del gobierno de Carlos II en cada uno de los territorios que integraron la monarquía de España en Europa y América, así como en sus dominios africanos, asiaticos y oceanicos. Soslayando una vision eurocentrica que eclipse el alcance de la soberania regia en el Nuevo Mundo durante un periodo clave en su dimension transnacional, los diferentes capitulos del libro establecen una aproximacion compartida a la practica politica.A traves de los estudios monograficos de los diversos reinos y señorios de la Monarquia se pueden apreciar las formas de negociacion de la corte de Madrid con los grupos de poder de las comunidades locales, el alcance del pretendido "neoforalismo" en algunos territorios y la imposicion de los modelos de "nueva planta" en otros, el impacto social y politico de la venalidad de titulos y cargos, o el nuevo paradigma del fomento del comercio como legitimacion del arte de gobierno, entre otros factores.

This study offers a comprehensive analysis of utilitas, a central concept in Roman law, and its pivotal role in shaping legal interpretation. Moving beyond its traditional view as a merely pragmatic tool, utilitas is shown to guide legal outcomes that not only address practical needs but also align with broader ethical values of righteousness and justice. It argues that a complete understanding of utilitas in legal reasoning both in meaning and function can only be achieved by synthesizing jurisprudential, philosophical, and rhetorical perspectives. Through this interdisciplinary lens the e-book demonstrates that decisions made utilitatis causa, exceptional in their departure from established legal rules, can only be fully understood through the lens of rhetorical theory of legal interpretation, offering a framework that transcends the limitations of literal interpretation. Contributing to ongoing scholarly discourse in Roman law, legal theory, and philosophy, this study provides fresh insights into a concept that remains central to contemporary discussions of legal interpretation and justice.

Experts of ancient sport have long treated "money" and "honor" as opposites. Up to the 1970s, the idea of Greek gentlemens sport prevailed. It is one of the most exciting challenges for sport historians to overcome this opposition and to develop a concept that integrates the economic and symbolic motivations of ancient athletes. From the very beginning, economic aspects played a role in Greek sport, and honor remained important until the end of ancient athletics. But despite these continuities there are obvious developments in favor of economic factors: Cash prizes grew in importance since the Hellenistic period, and symbolical honors awarded to victorious athletes by their hometowns were transformed into financial ones. The studies collected in this volume aim at exploring the relationship of money and honor with regard to athletes, festivals and poleis.

Na quarta capa de Casa Grande & Senzala, obra-prima de Gilberto Freyre publicada pela Global Editora, Darcy Ribeiro diz que este livro é uma "façanha da cultura brasileira". Tal elogio pode parec

The withdrawal of Soviet troops is a so far largely unresearched process of international political and military reorganization after 1989/90, which was accompanied by political, economic, social and geopolitical factors that had different effects in different nations. The anthology contains national studies that examine the withdrawal from a scientific perspective. But it also analyses the international conditions that led to the geopolitical reorganization and reduction of weapons. In addition to the country studies, the reforms and the collapse of the Soviet empire are examined from a military-political perspective in order to make the conditions for returning home understandable. Finally, the legacy of the retreat is also considered in the light of current policies and the current threats to the countries of East Central Europe from the increasing aggression in this geopolitical space.

Research on the process of European integration is usually restricted to the political, economic and legal aspects of Europeanisation. Still, we do not know enough about "practiced Europeanisation" in terms of everyday life and popular culture. Here, Peter Pichler explores a new area of research. He links the latest insights into the cultural history of the European Union with interdisciplinary research on heavy metal as a subculture throughout Europe. He presents the first historiographic exploration of European integration in this subculture since 1970.In general, subcultural Europeanisation predates even political Europeanisation, as evidenced by networks of the metal scene breaking through the Iron Curtain in the beginning of the 1980s. The European metal scene constituted a borderless space. Today, the shared knowledge of rituals, codes, clothes, history and values of metal are present across the continent. Pichler interprets this from a cultural-historical perspective against the background of Europeanisation after 1945.

Military cultures, as a rule, do not change easily. Turkish military culture stands out here, however, having undergone several stark changes within the last century.This book focuses on modern Turkish politics by giving special reference to civil-military relations and military culture. Turkish people give very strong importance on soldiery and even sanctify the status of martyrdom. This obliges us to analyse cultural determinants of civil-military relations to understand the reasons of ongoing military interventions in politics. Under which circumstances do Turkish military officers believe that military rule is more favourable than civilian rule? Why did the Turkish people applaud a number of military interventions in the past? To answer these questions we analysed Turkish military culture comprehensively and separated its transformation into three periods, namely revolutionist (19081945), guardianship (19451999) and depoliticization (19992013). While analysing each part, we also noted their impacts on Turkish politics and Turkish society as well as the reasons that shape the so-called close linkage between military and society.

American protestant missionaries, sent by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, initiated transcultural knowledge to Ottoman Syria. This e-book focusses on the generation of that knowledge involving local people from 1820 until the end of the nineteenth century.It includes the study of secularity, the formation of knowledge on topography and particularly biblical topography, networking between academic societies, the development of a font of type for printing in Arabic and the introduction of journals in Arabic language. The material and analysis presented illustrate how modernity became a global phenomenon and who "owns" modernity.

The Peutinger map and the Antonine itinerary represent two of the most important documents on travelling in the Roman world. With a focus on the three provinces Pannonia, Dacia and Moesia, Florin-Gheorghe Fodorean analyzes and compares the distances registered in these documents of ancient geography. By including data from other ancient sources the Itinerarium Burdigalense, the Notitia Dignitatum, and the Cosmographia of the Anonymous from Ravenna and by applying a new combination of methods, the author provides new insights into the Peutinger map and the Antonine itinerary. Fodorean discusses some important ancient literary sources, uses the data provided by milestones and compares the distances between the settlements recorded in the two documents. This new methodological approach leads him to the conclusion that the compilers of these most important documents of ancient geography used different sources.

In 1957, Ghana was the first sub-Saharan country in Africa to achieve independence. The key African figure in this process was Kwame Nkrumah, the first president of the new state. Having studied in the USA and in London he was influenced by socialist and pan-African ideals. His ambitious projects in the fields of education and scientific as well as technological development provided an example for other former colonies. But in 1966 he was overthrown by a military coup supported by the USA and died in exile in 1972. Fifty years later, his memory is omnipresent in Ghanaian society and in other African countries. Still, his achievements are a subject of controversy. Was he a hero of the anti-colonial struggle or an authoritarian dictator? This volume presents chapters by researchers from Ghana, Austria, Germany, and the USA. They analyse the visionary politics of Nkrumah, investigate the reasons for the growing protest against his rule and shed new light on the background of the coup. The last part is dedicated to questions of evaluation and memory. Fifty years after his fall from power, new research and distance from the events allow for a more balanced judgment of Nkrumah.

The economic crises since 2008, the tensions concerning the Euro, the Greek question and the refugee problem have fuelled a strong "Eurosceptic" movement. At the 2014 European elections, the rise of Eurosceptic forces could be observed in virtually all Member States of the EU. This publication regroups the contributions to a Conference organized 2014 in Strasburg by the CNRS-University of Strasbourg research unit "UMR Dynamiques europeennes", in the framework of the IDEX excellence project "The European Integration and the New Anti-Europeanism". In this first of two volumes, anti-Europeanism and Euroscepticism are examined as political phenomena and objects of interdisciplinary research. The focus is on "traditionally" Eurosceptic Great Britain and on sometimes very recent anti-European movements within the EC founding states (France, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands), their discourses and voters. What reasons prompt anti-European voters: rejection of immigration, xenophobia, fear of the future, nationalism or the rejection of capitalism and globalization? Or is it the collective disappointment with the incapacity of the European elites to communicate with the majority of voters?

It was not until the 1850s that the average life expectancy in women began to rise noticeably in Germany and Europe. Up to the 1980s it increased in waves. Since then the gender gap has gradually decreased and settled. For decades demographers, historians, medical researchers and health scientists have provided partial explanations for this phenomenon. This volume now presents a comparison of seven Central, Western and Northern European countries spanning one and a half centuries: some of the selected countries took part in both World Wars, others remained neutral; in some countries the rate of smoking varies, others have widely differing female occupation rates. As a result of this comparison, the varying effects of biological and socio-cultural influences on the gender gap and the reversal of this secular trend can be placed with much greater scientific precision than before. The volume also contributes to objectify the public debate on the gender gap and its implications for health policy.

This e-book analyses the procedures, ideas and realities that allowed the people from the Greek East to become a part of the Roman Empire, while both preserving and redeveloping their cultural identity. The volume assesses this complex process both in the traditional Greek cities of the provinces of Achaea and Asia as well as in other areas that had been deeply hellenised for centuries, as the Near East. A common point of departure of the different essays is the notion that granting the Greeks a privileged position within the Roman Empire as a tribute to their civilisation was as possible an option as that of "barbarisation", i.e. the substitution of Greek cultural identity by the Roman one. Between the respect and conservation of political and cultural structures, and their total annihilation and substitution by new realities of undeniable Roman stamp, there existed a wide spectrum of political possibilities with strong cultural and religious undertones. In creating those new options, which Rome either opted for, refused, or transformed, the political and cultural activity of the Greeks themselves, and in particular the oligarchs who ruled the cities in the Mediterranean East, played an important role. This volume attempts to analyse all those new possibilities.

This volume results from a conference of Russian and British scholars of ancient history. It studies crises of various kinds in the history of civil communities in the Graeco-Roman world. Some chapters concern the main lines of Greek and Roman political development: instability in the Greek cities, the adaptation of aristocrats to the democracy of Athens, empire and crisis in fourth-century Greece; in the Roman Republic the dictatorship, the tribunate, changes in institutional arrangements which had far-reaching but unforeseen consequences; also in Rome the transition from the Middle to the Late Empire. Others focus on particular episodes where new interpretations are possible: a crisis of the pyramid-builders in Egypt which Herodotus misdated by more than a millennium; two problematic episodes in the hellenistic world, concerning Caunus, and Cius and Myrlea; in the Roman world, in connection with the transition from the Republic to the Principate an examination (particularly suitable for a Russian conference) of the interpretations of Russian scholars a century ago, and, finally, the survival of Neoplatonic communities in the Late Empire.