Ebooks de historia, página 29 de 2349

The plays of Seneca the Younger, minister and philosopher under Nero, are today increasingly studied, appreciated and performed. Here, in twelve new papers from a distinguished international cast, scholars explore established questions, such as whether the plays were written for the stage, and newer topics such as the playwrights subtleties of characterisation, his relation to contemporary Roman spectacle and art - and the problems arising in translating him to modern text or stage.

The Greeks, in Dr. Johnsons phrase, shock the mind by ascribing effects to non-entity. The culture of ancient Greece was thronged with personifications. In poetry and the visual arts, personified figures of what might seem abstractions claim our attention. This study examines the logic, the psychology and the practice of Greeks who worshipped these personifications with temples and sacrifices, and addressed them with hymns and prayers. Emma Stafford conducts case-studies of deified abstractions, such as Peitho (Persuasion), Eirene (Peace) and Hygieia (Health). She also considers general questions of Greek psychology, such as why so many of these figures were female. Modern scholars have asked, Did the Greeks believe their own myths? This study contributes importantly to the debate, by exploring widespread and creative popular theology in the historical period.

Cremna, a ruined city of southern Turkey, has one of the most spectacular sites in Asia Minor, high in the Taurus mountains. For a long time a stronghold of hellenised Pisidians, Cremna was refounded as a veteran colony by the emperor Augustus. From the age of Hadrian until the early third century AD the colony enjoyed a boom in public buildings, whose remains still adorn the site. Disaster struck in the late third century when Cremna became a centre for a regional insurrection against Roman rule. Roman forces staged a major siege of the city, and recaptured it in AD 278. A bishopric in Late Antiquity, Cremna was abandoned in the sixth or seventh century. This book gives a detailed reconstruction of Cremnas life and history, based on an intensive survey of the archaeological remains between 1985 and 1987. There is a lively account of the survey itself. The book also traces the story of the rediscovery of the site in 1833 and the contribution of early travellers and archaeologists. There is a full study of the public building programme of Cremna from the first century BC to the third century AD; of the aqueduct, water supply and domestic housing; and of the church building in Late Antiquity. The highlight of the archaeological survey was the discovery of numerous remains of the Roman siege of AD 278. The siege of Cremna demonstrates classical techniques of Roman siege warfare, which hitherto were best known from Josephus account of the Jewish Revolt in AD 66-73. Cremna in Pisidia is written in a style accessible to general readers as well as to specialists. It is not only a definitive account of an important city of the Roman East. It is also a case-study exploring many of the common characteristics of civic life in the Roman world.

I have often wondered as to how much inexhaustible variety of knowledge and expertise is packed in Mohans lean and thin frame. The best of all is that his writings bring a lot of knowledge in an easy reading, which is laced with his customary wit and humour, thus making for compulsive reading. Keep writing Mohan, our friend, so that we can keep going!General Nirmal Chander Vij,PVSM, UYSM, AVSMMohan Kanda delights us even as he educates us in these nuggets of plain good sense, intelligence and, above all, utter honesty. If wisdom can come with a smile or laughter with a lesson, they do so in these editorials. I can only say, Keep writing, dear friend.Gopalkrishna Gandhi,formerly Diplomat and Governor of West Bengal.An amazing and heady mix of reflections and recollections, not only pertaining to the vast variety of postings of Mohan over his career, but also about matters of interest and importance, especially to the youth. Every day something entirely different is thrown up and that keeps interest going.V.K. Agnihotri, former Secretary General, Rajya SabhaContents:1. Bringing up the Parents2. Incredible India Wallowing in Neglect3. History or Farce or a Political Tool?4. Allergy to Dissent5. Man and Machine The Love-Hate Game6. Who is saying No to Telugu?7. Balancing the Self-Respect Bandwagon8. Losses - Real and Perceived9. Spirituality and Politics!10. Delayed Announcements Deny Benefits11. Rollback Sops for All Religions12. Pragmatism or Populism?13. An Idea whose Time Hasnt Come14. Only Time Will Tell if the Budget is Good15. Fund of Funds Release @ NITI16. Why States are Seeking More17. AP Summits and MoUs Why Intentions do not become Investments18. South may be Sour Grapes for BJP19. All is Fair in Legislatures and War20. Jo Dikhta, Wo Bikta21. Day Zero Zeroing in on us22. Time to Revisit Standard Time23. A Myopic Govt that is Penny Wise.24. Costs of Aping China25. Waste not Solid Opportunities26. Past Efforts must be Recognized27. India Must Gird up its Loins as a Messenger of Peace28. Intolerance of a different Kind29. Lateral Entry Feature Disquieting30. In the Fitness of Things31. Sympathy Seldom Fetches Votes32. Working at Cross-Purposes33. Beware Fake News Swamp34. NCM Defeat Augurs Well for the Nation

This volume is devoted to the discussion of Tell el-Yahudiyeh Wares repertory, unearthed in the Middle Bronze Age sites of the northern Levant. These juglets initially emerged in the northern Levant in two separate regions in Syria-Palestine. These two variants developed in two lines producing the Syro-Palestinian and the Levanto-Egyptian lines. This distinction should be from now on essential in considering Tell el-Yahudiyeh Ware. A significant focus is given to the collections discovered, over the last decades, in Damascus Oasis and southern Syria, labeled here the Syrian Tell el-Yahudiyeh Ware (Branch K). A large part of this Syrian corpus is introduced here for the first time. The evaluation shows that this material comprises more than half of Tell el-Yahudiyeh Ware in the northern Levant and was used from the beginning of the 18th to the middle of the 16th century BCE. Moreover, light is shed onto the archaeological contexts where the vessels originally belonged. This approach enhances the perception of this wares value and position in the material culture in the Middle Bronze Age Levant. All things considered, this book is a new addition to many decades of research that aims to understand the origin and development of one of the most challenging elements of the Middle Bronze Age pottery tradition.

This volume celebrates the 50th anniversary of the Institute of Near Eastern Archaeology at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. It draws on archival records, research and administrative data, but above all on the memories of its members since its foundation in 1970. The history of the Institute, teaching experiences and research achievements are the three interwoven cornerstones between which the contributions move. The lively picture of a community of practitioners is at the same time an appreciation of the past and an advertisement for a further examination of the "cradle of cultures".

This volume presents over fifteen years (1981-1996) of archaeometallurgy surveys and specifically the excavations of an Early Bronze Age miners village, Goltepe and its associated tin mine, Kestel. The results of the surface surveys, test pit operations, profile trenches and excavation finds demonstrate that processing of cassiterite-rich ore was the primary function of activities at Goltepe. The variety and density of tin-rich vitrified crucibles as well as ground, powdered tin-rich ore from excavated contexts were only some of the several lines of evidence. Other finds indicated that the site was profoundly associated with metal production. Weighty evidence came in the numbers of multifaceted molds, ingots and tin bronze artifacts. Furthermore, 50,000 ground stone tools for ore dressing and vitrified material grinding were estimated on the site surface, while 5,000 came from excavated contexts. Early Bronze Age Goltepe and Kestel Mine represent the as-yet unique example of the highland production model, that is, the industrial tier 1 of the extraction and processing of raw materials for the production of metal artifacts. This model entails the mining and smelting operations in the metalliferously rich ore deposits and forests, usually located in the mountains, in this case, the central Taurus Mountains in southern Turkey.

This book is the tenth volume in the series of excavation reports about the harbor town of Pseira, which is located on the island of the same name, just off the northeast coast of Crete. The book focuses on the excavation and interpretation of the architecture and material culture in Block AF. This southern group of buildings is one of the most important areas in the settlement because of its long succession of building phases. Block AF provides the fullest sequence of building phases from any one area at Pseira, with habitation extending from before MM II to LM III. It has examples of complex architectural details including a "pillar crypt," elaborate upstairs floors, a well-preserved U-shaped staircase, and a well-designed kitchen, all of which contribute significantly to our knowledge of East Cretan building practices. In addition to domestic pottery, the houses furnish examples of stone tools, stone vessels, loom weights, inscriptions in Linear A, cult objects, animal bones, marine shells, and a wide range of material recovered from water sieving. This latter category, with burned grain, fish bones, shells, and other categories of materials, fills many gaps in our knowledge of Pseiran life.

At first sight, the cliffside site of Katalimata looks like an extreme refuge place where one might expect small groups of people hiding for a brief time during the most serious period of threat. Excavation of the largest of the terraces, however, has shown that use of the place was often long-lasting and more complex. The most interesting result of the project was the identification at Katalimata of almost all the same phases known from elsewhere in Crete as periods of disturbances, relocations, and destructions. This monograph provides a detailed discussion of the six occupational phases recorded on the largest of Monastiraki Katalimatas terraces and offers a reconstruction of the sites role in the context of Cretan history.

From a manuscript that was lost for more than half a century comes new information about one of the greatest Jewish communities of all time. The court diaries of Rabbi Hayyim Gundersheim (d. 1795), a member of the rabbinic court of late eighteenth-century Frankfurt, sheds light on daily life in the Judengasse("Jewish lane"), home to over 3,000 people, including Meyer Amschel Rothschild, founder of the famous banking family. Familial quarrels, squabbles between neighbors, legal proceedings over business deals gone sour, real estate transactions, and other disputes brought before the rabbinic court offer a window onto the world of daily life in the Frankfurt Jewish community during the waning years of the citys ghetto. Rabbi Gundersheims court diaries are more than just a prism through which to view daily life. A Window on Their World provides a transcription of over 200 cases that were brought before the rabbinic court between 1773 and 1794. Readers now have access to records that reveal not just the workings of the Jewish community but also the place of Jewish tradition in the culture. The transcription of each case in the original Hebrew is accompanied by an English language summary. Edward Fram has also prepared comprehensive indices of the names of all individuals mentioned in the court diaries as well as a glossary of non-Hebrew terms. Pertinent documents from the Frankfurt pinqas, or community record book, have also been provided in order to give readers a more complete picture. Frams introduction to the diary includes a biographical background, an outline of Jewish legal autonomy in the early modern period, and a discussion of the importance of court documents as legal and historical sources. The volume is an indispensible source for anyone interested in European Jewish culture on the eve of the Enlightenment.

Sustainable Lifeways addresses forces of conservatism and innovation in societies dependent on the exploitation of aquatic and other wild resources, agriculture, and specialized pastoralism. The volume gathers specialists working in four areas of the world with significant archaeological and paleoenvironmental databases: West Asia, the American Southwest, East Africa, and Andean South America, and contributing to research in three broad time scales: long term (spanning millennia), medium term (archaeological time, spanning centuries or a few thousand years), and recent (ethnohistoric or ethnographic, spanning years or decades). By bringing an archaeological eye to an examination of human response to unpredictable environmental conditions, informed by an understanding of contemporary traditional peoples, the contributors to this volume develop a more detailed picture of how societies perceive environmental risk, how they alter their behavior in the face of changing conditions, and under what challenges the most rapid and far-reaching changes in adaptation have taken place. Sustainable Lifeways enhances our understanding of both the forces of conservatism and innovation which may have been in play in major transitions in the past, such as the development of complex society, and the expansions of early empires. Studies present examples of cattle herders in East Africa, hunter-gatherers and pastoralists in the Levant, South American fisher/farmers, and farmer/hunters of the U.S. Southwest.

For almost half a century, Vivian Nutton has been a leading figure in the study of ancient (and less ancient) medicine. The field itself has been revolutionised over that time. In this volume distinguished colleagues and former students develop, in his honour, key themes of his ground-breaking scholarship. Spanning from the Bronze Age to the Digital Age, involving the cult of Artemis and the corpuscular theories of Asclepiades of Bithynia, the medicinal uses of beavers and the cost of health-care and wet-nursing, case-histories, remedy exchange and the medical repercussions of political assassination, this book has at its centre the pluralism and diversity of the ancient medical marketplace. The lively interplay between choice and competition, unity and division, communication and debate, so notable in Vivian Nuttons foundational vision of the world of classical medicine, is richly examined across these pages.

The warhorse has long been emblematic of medieval chivalry and power, depicted in art, literature, and the grand narratives of knightly valor. Yet, behind these depictions lies a nuanced history that intertwines the fate of the warhorse with the social, political, and military developments of its time. This book, The Warhorse in England: 1272-1327, seeks to illuminate the warhorses essential role during the reigns of Edward I and Edward II-an era marked by almost perpetual conflict and the zenith of cavalry use in English warfare. Drawing on an extensive range of primary sources, including previously unpublished army inventories, royal stable records, and medieval veterinary texts, this study goes beyond the warhorses symbolic representation to examine its practical importance in military campaigns. It considers the full lifecycle of these animals, from breeding and training to deployment, and the toll that warfare exacted on their health. In doing so, it reveals not only the substantial investment of resources required to sustain warhorse populations but also the implications of their care on medieval administrative and logistical practices. This work also engages with a broader context, integrating perspectives from military history and animal studies to reevaluate how warhorses influenced the structure of armies and the experiences of those who relied upon them. By examining equine practices through meticulous analysis of financial records, army lists, and breeding documentation, this book provides fresh insights into medieval Englands martial landscape and the interplay between human and animal agency.

El presente volumen colectivo analiza los horizontes del gobierno de Carlos II en cada uno de los territorios que integraron la monarquía de España en Europa y América, así como en sus dominios africanos, asiaticos y oceanicos. Soslayando una vision eurocentrica que eclipse el alcance de la soberania regia en el Nuevo Mundo durante un periodo clave en su dimension transnacional, los diferentes capitulos del libro establecen una aproximacion compartida a la practica politica.A traves de los estudios monograficos de los diversos reinos y señorios de la Monarquia se pueden apreciar las formas de negociacion de la corte de Madrid con los grupos de poder de las comunidades locales, el alcance del pretendido "neoforalismo" en algunos territorios y la imposicion de los modelos de "nueva planta" en otros, el impacto social y politico de la venalidad de titulos y cargos, o el nuevo paradigma del fomento del comercio como legitimacion del arte de gobierno, entre otros factores.

The issue of cohesion and the policies associated with it are concerns not only for supranational entities such as the EU, but also for nation states and regions alike. Traditional instruments for promoting cohesion include symbolic, economic and social policies. However, given the contemporary tensions at both the international and domestic levels, attempts to create or maintain cohesion are so important that innovative approaches must be pursued. This book asks to what extent spatial and urban planning, in their claim to be more than just sectoral policies, have contributed to the cohesion of societies over the last 30 years: at European, intergovernmental, national and regional levels in times of challenging transformations on all spatial levels. The book is therefore divided into three parts, which examine the achievements and shortcomings of cohesion policies in their theoretical assumptions, at national and regional level, and in intergovernmental cooperation. The various contributions show that spatial cohesion policies are significant factors for the cohesion of societies even beyond their borders, but that these have too often not received the recognition they deserve.

Experts of ancient sport have long treated "money" and "honor" as opposites. Up to the 1970s, the idea of Greek gentlemens sport prevailed. It is one of the most exciting challenges for sport historians to overcome this opposition and to develop a concept that integrates the economic and symbolic motivations of ancient athletes. From the very beginning, economic aspects played a role in Greek sport, and honor remained important until the end of ancient athletics. But despite these continuities there are obvious developments in favor of economic factors: Cash prizes grew in importance since the Hellenistic period, and symbolical honors awarded to victorious athletes by their hometowns were transformed into financial ones. The studies collected in this volume aim at exploring the relationship of money and honor with regard to athletes, festivals and poleis.

The third international conference on "Archaeology and Conservation along the Silk Road" was met with as much enthusiasm as the earlier ones, with participants joining from near and far. The historic city of Tabriz, which once was the melting pot for cultures across the Silk Road(s), now as venue of this conference from 1416 November 2018, facilitated dialogues to re-live, re-exchange and re-search the impact that Silk Road has had from then to now. Albeit a century-old topic of academic discourse, the Silk Road(s) continues to open up variety of new disciplinary and regional fronts; included in this volume. The Research Institute for Cultural Heritage and Tourism, Iran, collaborated with the Nanjing University, China, and the Institute of Conservation, University of Applied Arts Vienna, Austria, for this congress, which saw plenty of scientific studies on material heritage and their resultant significance in shaping the lifestyle and trade in different regions along the Silk Road(s).

The withdrawal of Soviet troops is a so far largely unresearched process of international political and military reorganization after 1989/90, which was accompanied by political, economic, social and geopolitical factors that had different effects in different nations. The anthology contains national studies that examine the withdrawal from a scientific perspective. But it also analyses the international conditions that led to the geopolitical reorganization and reduction of weapons. In addition to the country studies, the reforms and the collapse of the Soviet empire are examined from a military-political perspective in order to make the conditions for returning home understandable. Finally, the legacy of the retreat is also considered in the light of current policies and the current threats to the countries of East Central Europe from the increasing aggression in this geopolitical space.

When looking at the early modern period (c. 1500c. 1800), we often speak of "the military" or "the army". But what exactly do we mean when using these terms? The forms and structures of the armed forces have not only changed between 1500 and 1800, but also varied throughout different regions of the world and even within Europe. The contributors to this volume examine twelve early modern examples of armed forces in the Holy Roman Empire, Western and Eastern Europe, Eastern Asia and North America and paint a multifarious and even disparate picture during this period. The findings suggest that modern notions of the armed forces common in the early modern period should be used more prudently to avoid prevalent implications of non-existing continuity and uniformity.

Research on the process of European integration is usually restricted to the political, economic and legal aspects of Europeanisation. Still, we do not know enough about "practiced Europeanisation" in terms of everyday life and popular culture. Here, Peter Pichler explores a new area of research. He links the latest insights into the cultural history of the European Union with interdisciplinary research on heavy metal as a subculture throughout Europe. He presents the first historiographic exploration of European integration in this subculture since 1970.In general, subcultural Europeanisation predates even political Europeanisation, as evidenced by networks of the metal scene breaking through the Iron Curtain in the beginning of the 1980s. The European metal scene constituted a borderless space. Today, the shared knowledge of rituals, codes, clothes, history and values of metal are present across the continent. Pichler interprets this from a cultural-historical perspective against the background of Europeanisation after 1945.