Ebooks de historia, página 32 de 2352

The study of archaic Greece (c. 750-480 BC) is being transformed by exciting discoveries and interpretations. In fourteen original studies from a distinguished international cast, this book explores many aspects of a rapidly changing Greek world. Detailed re-interpretation of archaeological material reveals diversity in patterns of settlement, sanctuaries and burial practices, and shows motivations underlying the expanding exchange of goods and the settlement of new communities. Local studies of archaeology and iconography revise our image of the peculiarity of Spartan society and East Greek cult. Texts, from Homer and Hesiod to a newly-found poem of Simonides, are given fresh interpretations. And there are new studies of developments in maritime warfare, the roles of literacy and law-making in Crete, the emergence of a less violent Greek life-style, and the articulation of political thought.

The city of Pisidian Antioch was founded in the hellenistic period by the Seleucids, in what is now south-west Turkey. Under the emperor Augustus it became the most important Roman colony of the eastern empire. The city flourished until the sixth century AD. It has left dramatic and extensive ruins. This comprehensive and fully-illustrated study, a sequel to Mitchells Cremna in Pisidia, is based on a new survey of the site. It also includes the results of the most recent Turkish field work as well as detailed information from the important but unpublished 1924 excavation by the University of Michigan.

From the Bronze Age through the Middle Ages, a network of trade and migration routes brought people from across Eurasia into contact. Their commerce included political, social, and artistic ideas, as well as material goods such as metals and textiles. Reconfiguring the Silk Road offers new research on the earliest trade and cultural interactions along these routes, mapping the spread and influence of Silk Road economies and social structures over time. This volume features contributions by renowned scholars uncovering new discoveries related to populations that lived in the Tarim Basin, the advanced state of textile manufacturing in the region, and the diffusion of domesticated grains across Inner Asia. Other chapters include an analysis of the dispersal of languages across the Eurasian Steppe and a detailed examination of the domestication of the horse in the region. Contextualized with a foreword by Colin Renfrew and introduction by Victor Mair, Reconfiguring the Silk Road provides a new assessment of the intercultural evolution along the steppes and beyond. Contributors: David W. Anthony, Elizabeth Wayland Barber, Dorcas R. Brown, Peter Brown, Michael D. Frachetti, Jane Hickman, Philip L. Kohl, Victor H. Mair, J. P. Mallory, Joseph G. Manning, Colin Renfrew.

The outstanding qualities of the Galloway horse landrace are referenced in literary sources from the late sixteenth century onwards. Brief, but eloquent and revealing allusions appear in the work of William Shakespeare, Thomas Dekker, Ben Jonson, and other writers with connections to the Tudor, Stuart, Caroline, and Carolean courts. The Galloway nag was sufficiently influential for its name to become a generic widely applied to small horses of a certain type: speedy, enduring, and reliable. This is still the case in the north of England and Australia, where the terms "Gallowa" and "Galloway" continue to be used today. The Galloway contributed to a surprising number of modern horse breeds, including the Thoroughbred, yet few people are aware of its influence. Miriam A. Bibby shows how and why its contribution has been overwritten by other narratives. In doing so, she also reveals previously unexplored sources that indicate the complex role played by the imagined Galloway in Anglo-Scottish relations. Collectively these represent a unique new genre of commentary that she identifies as "Galloway Nag Satire." This is the first major study devoted to the history of the Galloway horse.

The study of weights and measures (metrology) of the Ancient Near East has long been understood as a valuable method for understanding ancient economic interactions and ways of quantification. However, the social value of metrology and the ubiquity of metrological actions and tools has not yet been fully recognized. Weighing and measuring are human processes that involve different people (experts and accountants, dealers and customers) and are based on culturally constructed representations such as the notions of justice, standardization and accuracy. In this respect, epigraphic and archaeological sources complement each other. The epigraphic sources facilitate an approach towards weighing and measuring practices mainly through the point of view of the administrators of economic and political organisations, while archaeological material remains and depictions in images grant insight into the daily activities of private people involved in trade and exchange, measurement experts and palace or temple staff. The cross-referencing and interlacing of these sources, presented in this book by international experts and young scholars, aims to demonstrate how interdisciplinary studies of weights and measures provide a window on Ancient Near Eastern societies.

This volume celebrates the scientific and academic career of Massimiliano Marazzi, full professor of Aegean and Anatolian History and Philology at the University of Naples "Suor Orsola Benincasa." His lifelong interest in the preclassical cultures of the Mediterranean is reflected in his intense research activity, carried out both as a philologist and as an archaeologist, with a special focus on the records of the Hittite world in both cuneiform and Anatolian hieroglyphic script. The present collection of essays, contributed by colleagues and friends, honors his scholarly contributions in the domain of Anatolian and ancient Near Eastern studies.

The clothed and adorned body has been at the forefront of Nili S. Foxs scholarship. In her hallmark approach, she draws on theoretical models from anthropology and archaeology, and locates the text within its native cultural environment in conversation with ancient Near Eastern literary and iconographic sources. This volume is a tribute to her, a collection of essays on dress and the body with original research by Foxs students. With the field of dress now garnering the attention of biblical and Ancient Near Eastern scholars alike, this book adds to the growing literature on the topic, demonstrating ways in which both dress and the body communicate cultural and religious beliefs and practices. The bodys lived experience is the topic of section one, the body lived. The body and the social construction of identity is discussed in section two, the body cultured, while section three, the body adorned, analyzes the performative nature of dress in the biblical text.

Las Siete Partidas, compendio jurídico recopilado por encargo de Alfonso X de Castilla (1221–1284), sientan las bases de un influyente concepto de gobierno monárquico. Estas se enmarcan en el periodo

The First World War and its aftermath were significant events with widespread consequences that impacted everyday people. This book is the first comprehensive analysis of the various ways in which the Great War affected urban life, extending beyond the typically recognized regions such as the European Great powers, the USA, and its colonies and spheres of influence. It explores the impacts on peripheral cities in East Asia, Southern Europe, Latin America, and Africa, which have often been overlooked in the historiography of the 1914-1918 conflict. Despite their historical neglect, these urban areas felt the repercussions of the war as it reshaped their structures, rhythms, and daily routines. This transformation influenced both private and public life, highlighting the crucial role these cities played as actors during wartime.

This study offers a comprehensive analysis of utilitas, a central concept in Roman law, and its pivotal role in shaping legal interpretation. Moving beyond its traditional view as a merely pragmatic tool, utilitas is shown to guide legal outcomes that not only address practical needs but also align with broader ethical values of righteousness and justice. It argues that a complete understanding of utilitas in legal reasoning both in meaning and function can only be achieved by synthesizing jurisprudential, philosophical, and rhetorical perspectives. Through this interdisciplinary lens the e-book demonstrates that decisions made utilitatis causa, exceptional in their departure from established legal rules, can only be fully understood through the lens of rhetorical theory of legal interpretation, offering a framework that transcends the limitations of literal interpretation. Contributing to ongoing scholarly discourse in Roman law, legal theory, and philosophy, this study provides fresh insights into a concept that remains central to contemporary discussions of legal interpretation and justice.

Fabio Troncarelli examines the Late Antique Cassiodorian edition of the "Consolation of Philosophy" by Boethius in this new study consisting of five chapters. The first one offers a brief sketch of the lives of the two protagonists of the story. The second concerns the medieval copies of the edition, some very close to the original archetype, preserving even its formal aspect, and the indication of its first transcription in Ravenna in the sixth century. The third chapter establishes a comparison between some typical rhetorical, philosophical, and editorial methods used by Cassiodorus and the ones found in Boethiuss edition. The fourth chapter explores possible reasons for Cassiodoruss decision to produce such an edition during the years of the collapse of Osthrogotic rule in Italy. The final chapter discusses the "living memory" of Boethiuss reputation at Vivarium and the relationships between his murder and Amalsuinthas murder as understood and covertly preserved by the Vivarian monks.

The Gesta et Passio is a Latin hagiographic text written around 1112 by lnoth of Canterbury about the Danish king Cnut who was killed in 1086 and later venerated as St Cnut.Due to its textual complexity lnoths work has been considered heterogeneous and strangely structured. With her study Fiona Fritz aims to show that this complexity reflects the systematic multifunctionality of the text and that the texts construction afforded lnoth the opportunity to express his perception of contemporaneous ecclesiastical and secular political matters. Relevant textual functions include the construction of Cnut as a royal saint, propagating the cult of St Cnut, furthering ecclesiastical interests, presenting an ideology of kingship, and enhancing the legitimacy of the ruling dynasty.The analysis of the text considers both the historical context of its production and various textual moves and strategies employed by the author. Over and above the results attained in relation to the Gesta et Passio as an individual text, the present study can be taken as a general exploration of methods for the analysis of the potential of hagiographical texts for various functions and for multifunctionality.

Na quarta capa de Casa Grande & Senzala, obra-prima de Gilberto Freyre publicada pela Global Editora, Darcy Ribeiro diz que este livro é uma "façanha da cultura brasileira". Tal elogio pode parec

Gozde Yazc Corut unfolds the details of everyday life and represents the local people as active agents active, moreover, in relation both to the changing nature and effectiveness of the Ottoman states assertion of territorial authority and also to the differences between policies and practices of the Russian and Ottoman Empires. Overall, she focuses on the end-of-empire border politics and the issue of Ottoman citizenship not only from the perspective of macro-level political developments and central state power but also in terms of the peripheral specificities of administration and the movements and subjecthood choices of people inhabiting the Russo-Ottoman borderland. The author presents a new type of multi-faceted account of borderland development in which ethnoreligious considerations came to inform a somewhat messy production of sovereignty in the context of the modernizing transition between empire and nation-state.

The volume focuses on emerging "rooms for manoeuvre" in the socialist societies of Central and Eastern Europe after the Second World War. Unlike in other works, these areas of activity are not viewed as isolated spheres where citizens could act independently from political and societal constraints. They are rather conceptualized here as geographical, social or institutional spaces whose existence was either outside of political control or more or less intentionally allowed by authorities and other decision-makers. The contributions investigate how East Germans, Poles, Romanians, Slovaks and Czechs coped with the limitations of socialist reality. How did they adopt and successfully adapt given norms to their own specific interests? To what extent were the resulting "rooms for manoeuvre" not only essential aspects of the state socialist system, but even necessary to stabilize it?

This e-book is a comprehensive exploration of curse tablets in the Athenian legal domain. Drawing on sociological and critical theory, Zinon Papakonstantinou outlines a framework for the interaction between curse tablets and legalities, namely in both formal and informal manifestations of the legal sphere, in Classical Athens. By delving into the complex world of Athenian daily life and disputes, Papakonstantinou argues that Athenians involved in litigation deployed binding curses as polysemic acts of conflict management and information control. They also used them as transgressive transcripts that went beyond normative or legislative taxonomies. Further, Papakonstantinou demonstrates how Athenians acting in a self-assessing and long-term agential mode employed curse tablets strategically to advance their individual agenda and position in Athenian society.As a result, Athenian legal curse tablets point to a conceptually malleable perception of "law" and "litigation" driven by utility and self-interest that clashed with claims to justice, the pursuit of the rule of law, and attitudes towards jurors articulated by litigants in Athenian forensic orations.

Audiences are among the dominant elements of courtly life and may be referred to as a central aspect of representation of power in many societies. Audiences also served as a stage for negotiation and political decision-making. Beyond that, the ceremonial of audience acted as an integrative factor, strengthening the connections between the ruler and his subjects, the elite and his dynastic background. It thus reflects the structure, or at least the intended structure of rule, and allows us to get insight into the perception of the ruler in the respective society. This volume offers an approach to forms and structures of audiences in different epochs and regions. Choosing a transcultural and diachronic perspective, it aims at delineating similarities and differences as well as possible lines of development of the ceremonial on a broad basis of case studies.Audienzen gehoren zu den pragenden Bestandteilen hofischen Lebens und konnen als zentraler Aspekt der Herrschaftsreprasentation bezeichnet werden. Sie dienten aber nicht nur der Reprasentation, sondern waren auch Ort von Verhandlung und politischer Entscheidung. Hinzu trat die integrative Funktion der Audienz: Durch den Vollzug des Zeremoniells wurde auch die Verbindung des Herrschers zu seinen Untertanen, Vertrauten und zu seiner Dynastie dargestellt und gefestigt. Das Zeremoniell der Audienz spiegelt somit das (intendierte) Gefuge der Herrschaft, und lasst Ruckschlusse auf das Herrscherbild der jeweiligen Gesellschaft zu. Der Sammelband behandelt Formen und Strukturen des Audienz-Zeremoniells in transkultureller und diachroner Perspektive, in dem Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede, sowie Entwicklungslinien des Audienz-Zeremoniells auf einer breiten Basis von Fallbeispielen. Dazu versammelt er Beitrage zu unterschiedlichen Teilaspekten des Audienz-Zeremoniells in vormodernen Gesellschaften Europas, Asiens und des nordlichen Afrikas.

Ethical issues are inherent in medicine. Morally appropriate forms of medical behaviour, the thorough communication of diagnosis and prognosis, and carefully evaluated treatment promising recovery have been among the standards of medical ethics down to the present day. The testimonies of a lively tradition, which since antiquity has contributed to the permanent critical reflection of medicine, constitute the cultural background of contemporary bioethics. They demonstrate how fertile the dialogue between medicine and philosophy on ethical questions can be. This also includes the critical examination of the objects, aims, methods and boundaries of the physicians profession and of medical research. These boundaries have had throughout history to be constantly renegotiated and defined, and not only in the 21st century.--- Eine Reflexion uber die moralischen Fragen und Probleme, die die arztliche Praxis begleiten, ist der Medizin immanent. Die sittlich angemessene arztliche Haltung, die "gute" und hilfreiche Behandlung und das arztliche Ethos stehen im Zentrum zahlreicher Schriften, die zwischen Humanismus und fruher Neuzeit verfasst wurden. Es sind Zeugnisse einer lebhaften Tradition, die ununterbrochen seit der Antike zur Selbstvergewisserung der Medizin beigetragen hat. Zwischen Mittelalter und Humanismus sahen sich Mediziner den Herausforderungen des mannigfaltigen und lebhaften Heilkunde-Marktes ausgesetzt und dementsprechend verpflichtet, sich umso starker zu behaupten. Die hier prasentierten Beitrage befassen sich mit der uber sich selbst reflektierenden Medizin. Dazu gehoren die kritische Auseinandersetzung mit Gegenstand, Ziel, Methoden und Grenzen des arztlichen Berufes und der medizinischen Forschung. Diese mussten nicht anders als heute immer wieder neu definiert und verhandelt werden.

Medical Pluralism is by now recognized as a reality in many countries. Studies, however, bringing together anthropologists and historians working on this subject are still rare. A comparative view on Germany and India with their different patterns of institutionalisation of medical pluralism is particularly rewarding. This volume focuses on practices starting with the story of a Transsylvanian lay healer who functioned in Lahore as a cultural broker. Indigenising of homoeopathy in Bengal shows a particular mode of appropriation. Patients and their choices are considered for the late 19th and late 20th century Germany and in present day India. In addition to the practices of lay healers as health care providers in Bengal and in Indian slums, independent General Practitioners and physicians working in the public health care system are analysed too. A case study of an Indian hospital shows a pragmatic way to introduce medical pluralism into a modern "allopathic" institution. The political debate on medical pluralism e.g. in the German Reichstag in the beginning of the 20th century is also one of the topics. The e-book concludes with a theoretical reflection on the concept of medical pluralism.

This volume studies the links between politics and science during the 20th century, based on the example of the large US foundations. If the 20th century can be regarded in many ways as the American Century, then the large US foundations such as Carnegie, Rockefeller and Ford played a major role in this development. And yet they werent simply stooges for official US power politics. The circumstances surrounding their actions were much more complicated and made great demands of the philanthropy of the day. This volume with articles in English and German shows the course of US philanthropy in Europe in the time between the world wars and following World War II; it demonstrates how Europe became the setting for continually new versions of the postwar political and scientific landscape.