Ebooks de historia, página 34 de 2153

A comprehensive portrait of the controversial self-taught archaeologist C. C. Abbott. In the late nineteenth century, Charles Conrad Abbott, a medical doctor and self-taught archaeologist, gained notoriety for his theories on early humans. He believed in an American Paleolithic, represented by an early Ice Age occupation of the New World that paralleled that of Europe, a popular scientific topic at the time. He attempted to prove that the Trenton gravels-glacial outwash deposits near the Delaware River-contained evidence of an early, primitive population that pre-dated Native Americans. His theories were ultimately overturned in acrimonious public debate with government scientists, most notably William Henry Holmes of the Smithsonian Institution. His experience-and the rise and fall of his scientific reputation-paralleled a major shift in the field toward an increasing professionalization of archaeology (and science as a whole). This is the first biography of Charles Conrad Abbott to address his archaeological research beyond the Paleolithic debate, including his early attempts at historical archaeology on Burlington Island in the Delaware River, and prehistoric Middle Woodland collections made throughout his lifetime at Three Beeches in New Jersey, now the Abbott Farm National Historic Landmark. It also delves into his modestly successful career as a nature writer. As an archaeologist, he held a position with the Peabody Museum at Harvard University and was the first curator of the American Section at the Penn Museum. He also attempted to create a museum of American archaeology at Princeton University. Through various sources including archival letters and diaries, this book provides the most complete picture of the quirky and curmudgeonly, C. C. Abbott.

This book is a succinct and readable account of recent research at Gordion, the ancient capital of Phrygia, long one of the key sites for understanding Iron Age Anatolia. The regional survey at Gordion has involved a range of interdisciplinary studies-archaeological, environmental, and ethnoarchaeological-to produce an unusually comprehensive understanding of how the landscape evolved, the patterns of settlement during the rise and fall of the Phrygian state, and its environmental constraints. With a history of excavation of over a century, Gordion has yielded a vast store of material culture, some of which is spectacular. The Midas tumulus, the architecture of the Phrygian citadel, and the artifacts from several decades of excavations present unique challenges and solutions for conservation methodology. Analyses of these artifacts are providing new insights into the political and economic relationships of this region, particularly from the Early Iron Age to the Roman period. Presenting current work at Gordion contributes to the broader understanding of archaeology across the region and around the world.

Recipient of the G. Ernest Wright Award for Best Archaeological Publication, American Schools of Oriental Research, 2011 In 2007 the Jaffa Cultural Heritage Project (JCHP) was established as a joint research endeavor of the Israel Antiquities Authority and the Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at the University of California, Los Angeles. Among the projects diverse aims is the publication of numerous excavations conducted in Jaffa since 1948 under the auspices of various governmental and research institutions such as the Israel Department of Antiquities and Museums and its successor, the Israel Antiquities Authority, as well as the Jaffa Cultural Heritage Project. This, the first volume in the Jaffa Cultural Heritage Project series, lays the groundwork for this initiative. Part I provides the historical, economic, and legal context for the JCHPs development, while outlining its objectives and the unique opportunities that Jaffa offers researchers. The history of Jaffa and its region, and the major episodes of cultural change that affected the site and region are explored through a series of articles in Part II, including an illustrated discussion of historical maps of Jaffa from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Recent archaeological discoveries from Jaffa are included in Part III, while Part IV provides a first glimpse of the JCHPs efforts to publish the Jacob Kaplan and Haya Ritter-Kaplan legacy from Jaffa. Together the twenty-five contributions to this work constitute the first major book-length publication to address the archaeology of Jaffa in more than sixty years since excavations were initiated at the site.

There have been edited books on the archaeology of nomadism in various regions, and there have been individual archaeological and anthropological monographs, but nothing with the kind of coverage provided in this volume. Its strength and importance lies in the fact that it brings together a worldwide collection of studies of the archaeology of mobility. This book provides a ready-made reference to this worldwide phenomenon and is unique in that it tries to redefine pastoralism within a larger context by the term mobility. It presents many new ideas and thoughtful approaches, especially in the Central Asian region.

This first volume of the new series "Exploring Assur" presents the results of the fieldwork conducted at Assur, modern Qalat Sherqat, in 2023, with a focus on the New Town in the south of the settlement, and contains contributions by Mark Altaweel, Silvia Amicone, Katleen Deckers, Jorg Fassbinder, Holger Gzella, Sandra Hahn, Jean-Jacques Herr, Veronica Hinterhuber, F. Janoscha Kreppner, Inci Nurgul Ozdogru, Karen Radner, Jana Richter, Jens Rohde, Lena Ruider, Claudia Sarkady, Michaela Schauer, Annette Paetz gen. Schieck, Andrea Squitieri, Andreas Stele, and Marco Wolf. At Assur, the team is based in the excavation house first used by Walter Andrae from 1903-1914, and as this building is a protected monument within the UNESCO World Heritage site of Assur, a chapter is dedicated to its history. The early years come to life through the letters of Andrae and many photographs that he and his staff took of the building, reproduced courtesy of the Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft zu Berlin. The fieldwork undertaken in 2023 included a program of magnetometer and electrical resistivity tomography prospecting and sediment coring in the New Town of Assur, whose results are presented together with a study of soil and sediment magnetism based on coring samples. The magnetogram of the New Town substantially deepens our knowledge of the settlements organisation in the first centuries AD when the city was part of the Parthian world. The excavations conducted in the southern part of the New Town, directly adjoining an area excavated by the Iraqi State Board of Antiquities and Heritage in 2002, brought to light a sizeable chamber tomb of 46 m2 from that period, with over a dozen skeletons. Moreover, the excavations yielded highly welcome new evidence for the Hellenistic occupation of Assur, namely Building A and two burials (Graves 3 and 4). The dead were placed underneath clay sarcophagi of an ovoid-elliptical shape. One bears an incised alphabetic inscription dated to the month Ab in the year 153 of the Seleucid era, that is July/August 158 BC. Brief as the text is, it provides precious insights into writing and dating practices at Assur after the end of local cuneiform writing and before the rise of the Eastern Mesopotamian scribal tradition that would eventually spread to Hatra and other areas. This burial also contained calcinated textile fragments of at least six different types of cloth. New data for the Assyrian occupation of Assur originates from some small-scale work undertaken on the edge of the Iraqi trench of 2002, from the partially excavated Building B and from Grave 5, which contained typical 7th century BC items including a bronze fibula and a glazed miniature vessel. A deep sounding dug down from this burial to the virgin soil yielded pottery types that are well known from sites in the Assyrian heartland and the Syrian Jazirah in the 13th century BC, including fragments of carinated bowls and beakers with elongated bodies and nipple bases, as well as a piece of charcoal with a radiocarbon dating range of 1506-1440 calBC (95.4% probability). This date corresponds well with the oldest mention of the construction of the wall and the gates of the New Town in the inscriptions of Puzur-Aur III, whose reign is conventionally dated to 1521-1498 BC. In total, the 2023 excavations produced 17 radiocarbon dating ranges, derived from the analysis of charcoal, seeds and human teeth; these are the very first 14C dates available from Assur. Another f...

Itineraries and route descriptions are among the most outstanding sources for the reconstruction of historical geography. The stages mentioned in texts make it possible to determine the ancient road network in interdisciplinary cooperation between philology and archaeology and to identify ancient toponyms with archaeologically proven settlements dated by excavation or survey. However, routes are rarely the shortest way from A to B, but were always determined by certain parameters: What did the landscape that was travelled through look like? Where was water for travellers and pack animals accessible and where could rivers be crossed? How did travellers adapt to the seasonal conditions? And where did they find safe accommodation if there was no settlement? This volume brings together the answers of international experts from various disciplines. In the first part, the general conditions of vegetation, weather, water resources and general requirements for routes and travelling are discussed in five contributions by K. Deckers & M. de Gruchy, H. Reculeau, E. Cancik-Kirschbaum and A. Dietz. Furthermore, IT methods that allow knowledge modelling of itineraries are presented by C. Cruz and M. Poncet. The second part deals with selected itineraries in Upper Mesopotamia during the Middle and Late Bronze Age. A. Tenu, J.-L. Montero Fenollos & Francisco Caramelo present a new Middle Assyrian route stage, and D. Charpin reconstructs Zimri-Lims route from the Habur to the Euphrates. N. Ziegler, A. Otto & C. Fink present a new edition of the Old Babylonian "Road to Emar", the most elaborate travel description of Mesopotamian written documentation, and achieve an advanced reconstruction of the route and the identification of various ancient toponyms, above all of ami-Adads capital city Ekallatum.

This volume is the result of an "International Workshop on the Chronology of the Late Bronze Age (15th-13th Century BC) in Northern Syria (Upper Syrian Euphrates Area): Emar, Tall al-Qitar, Tall Munbaqa, Umm el-Marra and Tall Bazi". It took place on May 5-7, 2012 at the Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz. The need for the workshop was felt by the excavators of the mentioned sites, because a considerable number of LBA sites has been investigated in the Upper Euphrates area by now, but the relative and absolute chronology of most sites is still a matter of debate. The workshop in Mainz tried to tackle the problem of the dating of the Late Bronze Age of the Upper Syrian Euphrates region with the most simple and obvious method. The excavators and pottery specialists of the relevant sites were for the first time brought together. Each team was asked to present its stratified ceramic material and to explain their methods of dating: had the pottery sequence been dated by parallel with another settlement? If so, with which settlement? Or had the stratified material been dated by internal criteria, by written documents or by other well datable objects such as seals, tools and weapons, imported pottery or others? Or had it been dated by radiocarbon or other scientific analyses? The defined aim, which was circulated among the participants in advance, was "By putting together and by comparing the relevant stratified material, it should be possible to discern the consistencies and differences within the material and the reasons for them." It was hoped that the date of the relevant levels and of the various destructions would become evident, when the reliability of the dating of the Tablet Building at Hadidi to the 15th century was questioned and when each mission laid open its own dating methods, thereby avoiding the circularity of assumptions that had hitherto prevailed. This was not only achieved, but it was also able to establish new chronological anchor points for the Upper Euphrates valley.

In This Modern Age: Medieval Studies in Honor of Paul Edward Dutton is a collection of fourteen essays by scholars of the Carolingian era specializing in history, art history, and literature. The volume is divided into five sections, which treat early medieval Latin literary and historiographical culture, images and objects, interpretations of natural phenomena, and the subject of nostalgia. Reflecting Duttons pathbreaking work, the contributions all evince the great impact of his teaching and erudition over the past thirty years since the publication of his seminal books Carolingian Civilization: A Reader (1993), The Politics of Dreaming in the Carolingian Empire (1994), The Poetry and Paintings of the First Bible of Charles the Bald (with Herbert L. Kessler) (1997), Charlemagnes Courtier: The Complete Einhard (1998), Charlemagnes Mustache: And Other Cultural Clusters of a Dark Age (2004), together with his many influential articles. This body of highly distinctive, stimulating, and evocative scholarship has fundamentally transformed Carolingian studies, inspiring younger scholars to enter the field and encouraging established scholars to develop it in new directions. The essays in this volume individually pay tribute to Dutton in their illumination of diverse aspects of Carolingian intellectual, textual, and visual culture, with its famously idiosyncratic revival of Christian-Roman learning, aesthetics, and ideas. Gathered together, they offer an expression of gratitude for the risks that he took and the generosity that he has always shown.

La independencia de las Trece Colonias y la Revolución Francesa han ocupado un lugar privilegiado en el estudio de la Era de las revoluciones. Los nueve capítulos de este libro plantean colocar a la revolucion liberal española, al liberalismo hispanico y a las independencias hispanoamericanas en un lugar destacado en el estudio de dicha era. Esto lo hace el autor mediante un analisis de varios aspectos politicos e intelectuales del mundo hispanico del primer cuarto del siglo XIX que muestran su riqueza, su peculiaridad, su complejidad y sus aportaciones a la historia de las ideas en Occidente. En resumen, el libro que el lector tiene en sus manos proporciona argumentos para concluir que no se puede seguir ignorando a las revoluciones hispanicas cuando se escribe historia politica o historia intelectual sobre la Era de las revoluciones.Fuera de algunos especialistas, muy pocas personas saben que el termino "liberal" con una connotacion politica surgio en el mundo hispanico al final de la primera decada del siglo XIX. Concretamente, en las Cortes de Cadiz, una asamblea de representantes españoles e hispanoamericanos que se reunieron en ese puerto español entre 1810 y 1814. Esa asamblea bi-continental y la constitucion que elaboraron (la Constitucion de Cadiz o Constitucion de 1812) consideraron como ciudadanos a los indigenas de America y el documento era el mas abierto que hasta entonces se habia redactado en terminos de participacion electoral. Ademas, tuvo repercusiones sobre varias regiones italianas, Portugal, Rusia y Noruega, asi como, por supuesto, sobre los territorios hispanoamericanos, los cuales pronto extendieron la revolucion hispanica al Nuevo Continente y optaron por una via propia hacia la modernidad politica que surgio en Occidente durante la Era de las revoluciones.

Recoge información bibliográfica sobre 166 ejemplares de pliegos de villancicos y otras nueve reproducciones facsimilares procedentes de Madrid, Marchena, México, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sevilla, Valencia y Valladolid, hoy Morelia, que ahora se conservan en la Biblioteca Historica Jose Maria Lafragua (Puebla), una biblioteca privada de Puebla, la Biblioteca Cervantina del Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores (Campus Monterrey), la Biblioteca Nacional de Antropologia e Historia (Ciudad de Mexico), la Biblioteca Palafoxiana (Puebla), la Biblioteca del Centro de Estudios de Historia de Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico), la Biblioteca Nacional de Mexico y la Biblioteca Luis Gonzalez de El Colegio de Michoacan (Zamora).La introduccion al libro, ademas de explicitar la metodologia de trabajo, ofrece a los lectores un recorrido por los avatares editoriales de pliegos de villancicos impresos en Puebla de los Angeles y Mexico. El apendice analiza y describe una destacada coleccion de la Biblioteca Cervantina de 26 copias en papel de pliegos de villancicos realizadas a partir de varios microfilmes de procedencia desconocida. Finalmente, los indices topografico, de primeros versos, de composiciones, de secciones, de lenguas y jergas, de lugares e instituciones, de fiestas, de maestros de capilla, de autores de las letras, tipografico y onomastico clasifican la informacion reunida en los impresos y sus ejemplares, ofreciendo de esta manera sendos datos sistematizados para futuras investigaciones. El trabajo de descripcion bibliografica se llevo a cabo por un equipo coordinado por Anastasia Krutitskaya y conformado por Karina Jhoanna Gutierrez Mondragon, Erick Esponda Suazo y Mario Antonio Izucar Duran, quienes participaron en el proceso de catalogacion y en la construccion de los indices.

This collection explores the complexities of translation in the Ottoman Empire, examining the intersections of Arabic, Persian, and Turkish (elsine-i selse) that formed the linguistic backbone of Ottoman high culture and literature. The contributors investigate translation practices, cultural exchange, and power relations that shaped the Ottoman intellectual landscape, covering topics such as literary translations, lexicography, and the evolution of Ottoman Turkish as a lingua franca. Focusing on the fifteenth to the nineteenth centuries, the articles reveal the intricate web of linguistic, cultural, and historical forces that influenced translation decisions, authorship, and readership in the Ottoman Empire, shedding new light on the dynamics of cross-cultural communication and knowledge transfer in pre-modern Eurasia.

The monograph concerns the analysis of mechanisms and processes of the evolution of the civil service corps in Poland after 1996. Additionally, it involves the evolution of the role of the state in the context of public administration and the significance of the dichotomous relationship between administration and politics. The research is interdisciplinary in nature and covers three areas: political, legal and regulatory as well as personal, cultural and historical aspects. It characterises the structures, organisation, legal nature, scope of rights and duties and principles like neutrality, impartiality and professionalism of the civil service.Extensive empirical data on the Polish civil service enriched the analysis and was used to illustrate the state of the organisation between 1996 and 2016. These data included appraisals, appointments, examinations, employment, etc. By observing the dynamics and variability of the Polish civil service corps, the study has the character of a functional analysis. The reflections culminate in recommendations and proposals for improving the current situation.

The historical memory of the principate is for obvious reasons dominated by the emperors, with one exception: Germanicus Caesar, who, though not a ruler, appears in the sources as if he had been one. Chosen by Augustus as his ultimate heir, the embodiment of the dynastic principle, yet never the emperor; put at the head of one third of the Roman army to reconquer Germania, but recalled before the tasks completion; the last to hold an imperium which made him almost a co-regent of the emperor, cut short by his sudden death he reflects like no one the transition of the principate from the Augustan phase to its mature form. Equally significant is the longevity of the memory of his person and the variety of ways in which it was expressed: the only non-emperor commemorated in the Feriale Duranum, he figures on coins struck long after the end of the Julio-Claudians and an edict of his, quoted in a legal text of the 3rd century, appears in the Digesta. To give justice to his memorability, our contributions approach him in the perspective of not only history, classical philology, art history/archaeology and numismatics, but also Egyptology and Roman law.

A unique Mamlk manuscript tells the story of a Damascene jurist. Ibn al-Zamlakns story revolves around a dramatic episode in the life of his master, the great judge Tj al-Dn al-Subk, who is the central figure (hero) of the tale. The composer justly names his document maqmah. In rhyming prose, it narrates several episodes. Transmitted by a narrator (or at least his voice), who distances himself from the event, it is a story about an escape from hardship of a hero who is supported by good characters and face some evil enemies. Yet, it is not a biography, but a dramatic plot that transmits a moral lesson. The maqmah illuminates the relations between the Mamlk ruling military aristocracy and the religious establishment, as well as the competition that divided the Damascene urban elite.

When did Burns Suppers start? Why is it celebrated all over the world? Who can join in the fun?Spanning the history of the phenomenon, from the year of its creation in 1801 to the present day, this book offers you everything you need to know about the Burns Supper, and the poet for whom it is held every year. From the origins of the custom to its modern day interpretations, from the rituals and traditions to the fun and fellowship, this first full-length study of the unique annual celebration of Scotlands national poet answers every question you can think of, along with every one you cant.

Any exploration of plural medicine including the historical perspective needs to be aware of the conflict between regular and irregular healers which existed already in the pre-modern era, although distinctive features such as scientific, alternative or traditional which are so familiar to us today did not yet play a role. In the early modern period we observe a complex array of heterogeneous medical ideas and practices which has not much in common with the kind of pluralism or plurality which we can find in modern health care systems in Europe and non-western countries (e.g. India, Japan).Comparing the medical market place in pre-modern, 19th, and early 20th-century Western Europe with the present situation in health care, this book deals with the historical development as well as with the present state of medical pluralism in and outside Europe. The studies come up with data and evidence from a variety of sources, suggesting that unconventional medicine has been a persistent presence in health care over the past two to four hundred years. The contributors were drawn from different academic disciplines such as medical history, medicine, sociology, and anthropology.

The traumatic failure of the European constitution seems to confirm doubts about a European public sphere that effectively interacts with the European Union and holds it to account. Is a European public sphere truly impossible? While many social scientists have claimed as much, their observations are often based on only a short period of recent history. This book provides the first long-term historical analysis of a political European public sphere and its development over time.Focusing on how British, French and German newspapers covered major European Council summits from The Hague in 1969 to Maastricht in 1991, it suggests that major milestones in European integration have long been accompanied by an increasingly controversial debate in the media. Moreover, the European public sphere has undergone a notable structural transformation. The growth of a more developed European political system since the 1970s has led to a more politicised, more differentiated, more inclusive European public sphere, an increase of transnational communication and changes in European identification.

The teaching of history in South African and Japanese schools has attracted sustained criticism for the alleged attempts to conceal the controversial aspects of their countries past and to inculcate ideologies favourable to the ruling regimes. This book is the first attempt to systematically compare the ways in which education bureaucracy in both nations dealt with opposition and critics in the period from ca. 1945 to 1995, when both countries were dominated by single-party governments for most of the fifty years. The author argues that both South African and Japanese education bureaucracy did not overtly express its intentions in the curriculum documents or in the textbooks, but found ways to enhance its authority through a range of often subtle measures. A total of eight themes in 60 officially approved Standard 6 South African and Japanese middle-school history textbooks have been selected to demonstrate the changes and continuity. This work hopes to contribute to the existing literature of comparative history by drawing lessons that would probably not have emerged from the study of either country by itself.The dissertation won a publication prize at Georg Eckert Institute for Textbook Research.

Pocos vínculos han generado tanto revuelo en América Latina como el desplegado en los últimos decenios entre Cuba y Venezuela. Fruto de una visión similar de la realidad interna y sobre todo externa, estos dos paises o mejor dicho sus regimenes, han establecido unas estrechas relaciones que han generado reacciones de todo tipo en la escena internacional y dentro de los propios paises.La realidad es que la historia comun, o al menos cercana, de estos dos paises no comienza con la aproximacion de Hugo Chavez y del bolivarianismo a la Revolucion Cubana. Antes de la llegada de este militar golpista posteriormente electo por los venezolanos se producen una serie de choques, intercambios y enfrentamientos que condicionan una parte importante de la realidad caribeña y latinoamericana de la segunda mitad del siglo XX.En esta obra lo que se realiza es un repaso por esa historia larga que se desarrolla en un contexto que va desde la caida de las dictaduras de Fulgencio Batista y Marcos Perez Jimenez y que llega hasta el fallecimiento de Chavez, ya iniciado el siglo XXI. En la misma se observaran los intentos cubanos por incidir en la politica venezolana, los encontronazos ligados a la dinamica de Guerra Fria y a la cuestion guerrillera, los periodos de cierta calma entre ambos paises y el casi constante retorno de las tiranteces entre una Cuba que busca influir en Venezuela, y una Venezuela que intenta adaptarse a las nuevas realidades que van surgiendo con el paso del tiempo. Todo ello culminado por un analisis exhaustivo de la reciente, progresiva y creciente influencia de la experiencia liderada por Fidel Castro en una Venezuela cuyo liderazgo abraza sin tapujos el legado de la revolucion insular.

História da família Andrade desde o século I a.C. até a modernidade. Bem como o entrelaçamento com várias outras famílias brasileira, seja a família Correia, Deodato, Pereira, Pinheiro, etc.