Ebooks de historia, página 40 de 2356

Militarische Siegesparaden sind politische Inszenierungen, in denen abstrakte Ideen wie Staat oder Nation verkorpert werden. Am Beispiel amerikanischer Paraden in der ersten Halfte des 20. Jahrhunderts nimmt Sebastian Jobs die beteiligten Akteure und deren Rollen in den Blick. So analysiert er das von zivilen und militarischen Organisatoren vorgesehene Protokoll, aber auch, wie Soldaten und Zuschauerdiese Regeln durch undiszipliniertes Winken oder Lachen durchbrachen und sich die Strae aneigneten. Paraden waren eben nicht nur staatstragende Rituale, sondern auch emotionale Spektakel und damit popularkulturelle Unterhaltung.

Collections of scenes and texts designated variously as the "Book of the Earth,""Creation of the Solar Disc," and "Book of Aker" were inscribed on the walls of royal sarcophagus chambers throughout Egypts Ramessid period (Dynasties 19-20). This material illustrated discrete episodes from the nocturnal voyage of the sun god, which functioned as a model for the resurrection of the deceased king. These earliest "Books of the Earth" employed mostly ad hoc arrangements of scenes, united by shared elements of iconography, an overarching, bipartite symmetry of composition, and their frequent pairing with representations of the double sky overhead. From the Twenty-First Dynasty and later, selections of programmatic tableaux were adapted for use in private mortuary contexts, often in conjunction with innovative or previously unattested annotations. The present study collects and analyzes all currently known Book of the Earth material, including discussions of iconography, grammar, orthography, and architectural setting.

Die Tetralogie Verloschene Lichter ist die Schilderung von blo funfzehn Monaten Hitlerholle. Das ist nur ein Fragment der Vernichtung und nicht einmal das grausamste, wenn man von auen darauf schaut.Mordechai Strigler, 1950Bereits kurz nach seiner Befreiung aus dem Konzentrationslager Buchenwald im April 1945 begann Mordechai Strigler, seine Erfahrungen in den Lagern des besetzten Polens literarisch zu verarbeiten. Wie kaum ein anderer Zeitzeugenbericht beschreibt Striglers Text mit beispielloser Schonungslosigkeit die Lagerorganisation und das Lagerleben sowie den Umgang der judischen Gefangenen untereinander.In Schicksale schildert Strigler die Zeit vom Winter 1943/44 bis zur Schlieung der Munitionsfabrik und Vorbereitung der Evakuierung der Haftlinge im August 1944. Er konzentriert sich dabei auf die Menschen in Werk C des Arbeitslagers Skar?ysko-Kamienna und ihre Beziehungen zueinander. Das Eintreffen von assimilierten und getauften, aber auch deutsche Juden aus Krakau im Lager im Fruhjahr 1944 verscharfte schwelende Konflikte: Aufgrund der vielen sozialen Unterschiede entstanden unter ihnen Spannungen, die das Leben der Gefangenen teils dramatisch verschlechterten. Strigler liefert damit ungewohnlich offen eine Sozialstudie judischer Schicksale in deutscher Gefangenschaft.

This volume represents the product of 25 years of study conducted by the Pylos Regional Archaeological Project, a multidisciplinary, diachronic archaeological expedition formally organized in 1990 to investigate the history of prehistoric and historic settlement in western Messenia in Greece. An introduction, setting the project in context, and an extensive gazetteer of sites precede a collection of eight previously published articles, which appeared in Hesperia, the journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, between 1997 and 2010. Taken together, these contributions document a comprehensive methodological approach by an archaeological project that was one of the first to incorporate new technologies such as digital mapping tools and online databases. The results of such a long-term and multifaceted research program illuminate the shifting relationships between humans, their landscapes, and historical forces, both local and distant. The Pylos Regional Archaeological Project: A Retrospective provides an invaluable resource not only for those interested in the history and development of southwestern Greece but also for researchers interested in exploring the full range of methodological approaches to archaeological survey.

Tlacuachero is the site of an Archaic-period shellmound located in the wetlands of the outer coast of southwest Mexico. This book presents investigations of several floors that are within the sites shell deposits that formed over a 600-800 year interval during the Archaic period (ca. 8000-2000 BCE), a crucial timespan in Mesoamerican prehistory when people were transitioning from full-blown dependency on wild resources to the use of domesticated crops. The floors are now deeply buried in an limited area below the summit of the shellmound. The authors explore what activities were carried out on their surfaces, discussing the floors patterns of cultural features, sediment color, density and types of embedded microrefuse and phytoliths, as well as chemical signatures of organic remains. The studies conducted at Tlacuachero are especially significant in light of the fact that data-rich lowland sites from the Archaic period are extraordinarily rare; the wealth of information gleaned from the floors of the Tlacuachero shellmound can now be widely appreciated.

Archaeologists are increasingly recognizing the early Pueblo period as a major social and demographic transition in Southwest history. In Crucible of Pueblos: The Early Pueblo Period in the Northern Southwest, Richard Wilshusen, Gregson Schachner and James Allison present the first comprehensive summary of population growth and migration, the materialization of early villages, cultural diversity, relations of social power, and the emergence of early great houses during the early Pueblo period. Six chapters address these developments in the major regions of the northern Southwest and four synthetic chapters then examine early Pueblo material culture to explore social identity, power, and gender from a variety of perspectives. Taken as a whole, this thoughtfully edited volume compares the rise of villages during the early Pueblo period to similar processes in other parts of the Southwest and examines how the study of the early Pueblo period contributes to an anthropological understanding of Southwest history and early farming societies throughout the world.

Dreams and nightmares have long puzzled and fascinated, yet this is the first book to explore such visions in the Ancient Egyptian world. The author traces the evidence from the first half of Egypts long history, the Old Kingdom through the New Kingdom, a time-span of over 1,000 years. The book is arranged thematically, with chapters devoted to the literary use of dreams, to the political use of divine visions, to the technology used to ward away terrorizing nightmares. It also explores the Ramesside Dream Book, a unique text that reveals the desires and anxieties that could inspire an Egyptians dreams, with images of sex and power, of gods and the dead. All the relevant passages are conveniently translated in an appendix.

Duke Louis of Bourbon was a descendant of the French King Louis IX (Saint Louis, d. 1270) and of the first Duke of Bourbon (a position created in 1327). As a royal cousin of Kings Charles VI and Charles VII, and the ruler of a key French duchy, Louis was a major player in the Hundred Years War; a general, diplomat, and mediator, successful warlord, first in his campaigns against the English, then later in the campaigns launched by the French into the Baltic region, Muslim North Africa, and the Iberian peninsula. A man of war, he was also considered a pious Christian, who moderated the worst excesses of the French royal dukes in the latter years of the 14th century, making him a rare figure: A leader in every aspect of a blood war, from battlefield to high level politics, who came out of it as a hero. At least, that is how his friends saw it. What they thought of him is preserved in The Chronicle of the Good Duke Louis II, which not only gives us a dramatic account of Louis as prince and warlord, but also shows his friends observing him in action. The resulting Chronicle is as much a portrait of Louis circle of friends as it is of Louis himself. The book, very like a collection of legends, gives modern readers a striking picture of the Hundred Years War, provides a vivid picture of the war camps, courts, and battlefields of the late fourteenth century. Historian Steven Muhlberger renders his translation, the first of the Chronicle into any modern language, in crisp modern language that conveys the excitement of vivacity readers would have experienced six centuries ago.

The sites of Vitcos and Espiritu Pampa are two of the most important Inca cities within the remote Vilcabamba region of Peru. The province has gained notoriety among historians, archaeologists, and other students of the Inca, since it was from here that the last independent Incas waged a nearly forty-year-long war (AD 1536-1572) against Spanish control of the Andes. Building on three years of excavation and two years of archival work, the authors discuss the events that took place in this area, speaking to the complex relationships that existed between the Europeans and Andeans during the decades that Vilcabamba was the final stronghold of the Inca empire. This has long been a topic of interest for the public; the results of the first large-scale scientific research conducted in the region will be illuminating for scholars as well as for general readers who are enthusiasts of this period of history and archaeology.

This book provides images in colour and describes Chinese relics from the primitive period, the Xia and Shang dynasties, 21st to 11th century BC.

The Ghurids have their origins in the mountainous region of modern central Afghanistan, from where they established the first Islamic state in India. Some of their ghulams, primarily nomadic Turks from Central Asia, were to become independent rulers, leading to the foundation of the Delhi Sultanate. At its height, in the late-twelfth and early-thirteenth centuries, their domain extended from the shores of the Caspian Sea to the Bay of Bengal and from the Straits of Hormuz to the River Oxus. Mamluks, Conquest and Culture covers both the military and political history of the dynasty and the Persianate cultural world they inhabited and propagated on the subcontinent. The collapse of the Great Seljuk Empire allowed them to expand westwards into Iran. Extensive use of ghulams played a crucial role in their success, and this cavalry was to prove decisive in the campaigns against the Indian dynasties. Their conquests reunited territories to create a transregional empire for the first time in a millennium.

A remarkable painting by the Antwerp painter Maerten de Vos, Moses Showing the Tablets of the Law to the Israelites, shows wealthy merchants, artists and poets, a ground-breaking botanist, a pioneer in womens education, and the greatest publisher of the age gathered around a portrayal of Moses and Aaron with the stone tablets of the law engraved with the Ten Commandments in Dutch.In searching for an answer to the question of what brought together this diverse group of influential people in sixteenth-century Antwerp, Richard Willmott turns to their letters, diaries, friendship albums and poetry to write a group biography. As he finds out more about each life and explores the links that brought them together, he shows how a network of friendship and exchange of scholarly ideas that crossed the Channel and Europes borders lay behind the rich civilisation of sixteenth-century Antwerp, until it was destroyed by the struggle for political and religious power in the Eighty Years War when the Dutch fought the Spanish for independence.

Sinking ships, devastating fires, horrendous car accidents, mountain climbing catastrophes, sword wielding terrorists and killer crocodiles are all situations recorded in this book; but what start out as disasters are redeemed by the bravery, quick thinking and sheer humanity of people who, only moments before, had no idea that they are about to be thrown into circumstances of overwhelming intensity.These are stories from the archives of the Royal Humane Society, which has been rewarding bravery for 250 years. They provide an insight into the type of person who risks their lives, potentially sacrificing themselves to save others. Some are famous but most are ordinary people from young boys to older women going about their daily lives.Dramatic and hair-raising, the tales are gripping in their own right but the fact that there is always a hero or heroine at their heart reinforces our faith in humankind and reminds us that there are plenty of ordinary people in the world capable of extraordinary and compassionate bravery.

Operation OVERLORD, the opening up of an Allied second front by the invasion of the Normandy beaches in June 1944 was the largest military invasion of all time, but it was preceded by years of industrial scale intelligence collection and dangerous clandestine reconnaissance missions off the French coast.VANGUARD is the untold story of this work, the intelligence machine and covert reconnaissance missions that went into the D-Day planning, such as the signals intelligence intercepts, the agent running operations orchestrated by the 15th Flotilla, to the clandestine work of the X-Craft and COPP (Combined Operations Pilotage Parties) diver teams that scoured the Normandy coast months before the June 1944 deadline.The book pulls together previously unpublished but declassified Top Secret documents, diaries, letters and personal accounts from some of the few remaining veterans who were there.

2014 was marked by extensive commemoration activities in many parts of the world to the First World War. This book focuses on the relation between global history and social history, highlighting actors and regions, and it systematically engages with the issue of diverse periodizations. In discussing linkages between experience, historiography, and commemoration, the contributions in this volume aim at unsettling the notion of a static and clearly defined end of the Great War, a construct mainly based on European developments.How did the developments which marked the end of the War differ regionally, and how did prisoners of war, demobilized soldiers, women, or children from and in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East perceive and experience the end? How did this end influence new networks, social movements, society, economic processes, or ecological developments? And how were these questions discussed by contemporaries? Can the loss of Zeitzeugen be compensated by the use of electronic and other media? And does this make transnational commemoration easier (or more difficult)? What is written out of historical narratives and what is being (re)discovered?

Film festivals during the Cold War were fraught with the political and social tensions that dominated the world at the time. While film was becoming an increasingly powerful medium, the European festivals in particular established themselves as showcases for filmmakers and their perceptions of reality. At the same time, their prestigious, international character attracted the interest of states and private players. The history of these festivals thus sheds light not only on the films they made available to various publics, but on the cultural policies and political processes that informed their operations. Presenting new research by an international group of younger scholars, Cultural Transfer and Political Conflicts critically investigates postwar history in the context of film festivals reconstructing not only their social background and international dispensation, but also their centrality for cultural transfers between the East, the West and the South during the Cold War.

Im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert traten weltweit Gesetzgeber mit der Absicht auf, lokale Rechtsordnungen nach westlichem Muster umzubilden. Aber welche Modelle sollten als Vorbilder dienen, da doch die rechtliche Realitat bereits in Westeuropa uneinheitlich war? Zudem wurde das importierte Recht vor Ort unterschiedlich aufgenommen, umformuliert und interpretiert. Der Band untersucht das Spannungsfeld zwischen den universellen Anspruchen verschiedener imperialer und post-imperialer Gesetzgeber und der lokalen Umsetzung und Anwendung neuer Rechtsformen, von Lateinamerika und Afrika uber Russland bis nach Ostasien.

Die USA durchliefen im 20. Jahrhundert einen enormen sozialen Wandel, im Zuge dessen auch Familienwerte und Geschlechternormen neu ausgehandelt wurden. Die Autorinnen und Autoren analysieren die damit einhergehende Veranderung von Weiblichkeits- und Mannlichkeitskonzepten sowie von Mutter- und Vaterrollen. Am Beispiel von Immigration, Jugendkriminalitat, Wohlfahrtspolitik, Reproduktion und Medien liefern die Beitrage ein anschauliches Bild von der Bedeutung der Familie als nationaler Kerneinheit.

The book of Job was among the most popular books of study for Jewish scholars in the Middle Ages. With its themes of suffering, providence, and theodicy it attracted much attention despite the difficulty of its language. Abraham ibn Ezra (1089-1164) was born in Muslim Spain, but composed his commentaries while residing in Christian Europe. His commentaries meld what was the most advanced thinking of his day to identify the distinction between biblical genres, to show sensitivity to rhetoric and poetry, to establish a model for defining hapax legomena, and to bring scientific and astrological knowledge to the reading of the Bible. By innovatively composing the commentary in Hebrew, rather than Arabic, he also transmitted the intellectual life of the Jews of the Muslim world North, making it available to new audiences.

La cárcel ?su concepto y utilidad? ha ido variando a lo largo de la historia. La pena de privación de libertad no ha existido siempre y tampoco ha tenido la misma consideración para el hombre y para la mujer. Para estas, la reclusion carcelaria fue una practica arraigada, aunque no por ello extendida. Las mujeres delincuentes tuvieron apercibimientos sociales, religiosos y legales multiples antes de tener que enfrentarse a una reclusion carcelaria que, ante todo, resultaba gravosa economicamente para el tribunal correspondiente.En los siglos XVII y XVIII se establecieron las raices del penitenciarismo de la mujer ?al margen de otras formulas asistenciales? con un protagonismo en el marco teorico de Magdalena de San Jeronimo (1608) y, a finales del siglo XVIII, de Gonzalez Yebra y de Pereira, ambos Alcaldes del Crimen y protagonistas por sus escritos de una reorganizacion de la Galera de la Real Chancilleria de Valladolid, que supuso un elemento mas del reformismo ilustrado europeo en el entorno del mundo carcelario.En este trabajo, siguiendo una metodologia de la Historia social de la delincuencia nos interesamos por el analisis de lo institucional (marco legal, pensamiento juridico en torno a las formas de castigo) y la normativa concreta de sus textos, pero para saber si estos discursos se compadecen con la realidad de las galeras abordamos, en la medida de lo posible, la vida cotidiana y las experiencias vitales (los espacios, los mandos, las reclusas, su alimentacion, vestido, religiosidad y devocion, y forzosa convivencia).Desde la perspectiva de que el estudio de las penas y el modo en que estas se aplicaban nos ayuda a comprender mejor el universo cambiante de los valores que, en cada momento, ha impulsado la sociedad.