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Ritual Landscape and Performance contains the peer-reviewed Egyptological contributions from the homonymous conference held at the Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations of Yale University on September 23-24, 2016. The various articles discuss the use of ritual landscape from the Old to the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, by focusing on landscape archaeology of specific sites such as Saqqara, el-Bersheh, Abydos, Thebes, as well as Aniba in Nubia. Further contributions elucidate the interaction of desert and the Nile Valley through rock art, the depictions of watery environments in the delta and their association to rituals, as well as the habitation of landscapes using the example of southern Middle Egypt.

Ancient Egyptian temple walls expressed royal and political ideologies, reflected the ancient Egyptian secular and spiritual world order, supplied a medium for the reenactments of assorted myths, and implied a metaphor for the universe. The Temple of Hibis is one of the most important temples from Late Period Egypt. Despite the conventional overall architecture plan of the temple, it exhibits numerous particularities. While the more prominent parts of the temple, such as the sanctuary, have been studied by numerous scholars, in other areas the decoration schemes remain largely unexplained. This book focuses on the decorative schemes of several chapels in the earlier part of the temple, chapels that were either established and/or were decorated during the first Persian Period (525-404 BCE). These chapels were located around the main sanctuary A, but have rarely been the subject of scholarly discussions. It concentrates on a few chapels of the Temple of Hibis: chapels F and G to the south of sanctuary A on the first level of the temple and all the decorated chapels, E1, E2, H1, and H2, on the second level of the temple. Each chapter begins with a brief description of the scenes and their basic layout and a complete translation of the accompanying texts. A more in-depth analysis regarding both text and image follows in the commentary. It includes the analysis of the different aspects of the gods, their origins, and the development of their cults that are significant to the scenes and to each other. Also discussed are their coherence, any aspects that are especially emphasized, and any other information that could be gleaned from the whole scene. The analysis tries to detail the specific composition that makes up the mosaic of the picture, wall, or room. Attention is paid to both the scenic arrangement and the hieroglyphic inscriptions, as the interpretation of one would be meaningless without the other. Attention is given to investigating the general function of the different rooms by means of their decoration and by identifying the patterns or important themes generated by the layout of the scenes. The results are summarized in the last chapter. A number of line drawings have been inserted into the text beside a described scene as an aid to the reader.

This collected volume gathers articles stemming from the papers presented at the international and interdisciplinary conference Language, semantics and cognition. Saying and conceptualizing the world from Ancient Egypt to modern times, organized at Yale university (online) on April 16-18, 2021. It offers a glimpse at the current state of research in different fields intersecting with the study of the Egyptian language (lexical semantics, semantic typology, visual semiotics, metaphor studies, cognitive linguistics, classifiers studies) and addresses some main research questions for the future. It lays the foundations of a methodological road map for more effective interdisciplinary research. The studies included in this volume explore the link between the cognitive level (What are the conceptual categories in which the real is divided? How are they organized?) and the linguistic and written/visual level (How are these concepts expressed in the language/script?) through various themes. They allow for a comparison of the results obtained from different perspectives and approaches and for highlighting the differences and/or similarities that can be found cross-culturally and cross-linguistically, in pre-modern and modern languages. A major aim of the volume is to stress the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of pre-modern languages and stress the importance of making data from these languages and their scripts accessible to scholars from other fields, in order to integrate them in a broader scientific dialogue.

Simultaneously pervasive and evasive, rebellious and oppressive, transgressive and socially specific, humour is a vast and interdisciplinary field of research. Seeking to rethink this quintessentially human expression, this volume is bringing together established and emerging directions of medieval humour research. Each contribution explores different artistic expressions, receptions and functions of humour and identifies a series of problems in researching humour historically. Medieval Humour: Expressions, Receptions and Functions dissects humour in art and thought, literature and drama, society and culture, contributing to a deeper understanding of our cultural past.

Als im Marz/April 1945 Hitlers Grodeutsches Reich immer kleiner wurde, trieben die NS-Schergen Tausende ungarische Juden auf tagelangen "Todesmarschen" quer durch Osterreich in das Konzentrationslager Mauthausen und viele Nebenlager. Drei Autoren aus dem Groraum Steyr haben das bisher kaum erforschte Schicksal dieser Menschen thematisiert. Aus vielen Einzelinformationen entstand ein fast einheitliches Bild der Todesmarsche durch Oberosterreich. So zogen durch das Ennstal ein groer Transport und mindestens vier kleinere Kolonnen. Fur den Raum SteyrSierning gelang es, das Ratsel um das Massengrab zu losen.Die Autoren interviewten zahlreiche Zeitzeugen. Einige davon, damals noch Kinder, hatten noch nie offentlich uber ihre Beobachtungen gesprochen. Im Mittelpunkt des Buchs stehen auch jene Burger, die Zivilcourage bewiesen. Es waren meist Frauen, die trotz strikten Verbots und personlichen Risikos die Qualen der Gepeinigten zu lindern versuchten. Weiters im Fokus stehen Tater aus den Reihen der Zivilbevolkerung.Welche Auswirkungen haben Ereignisse des Nationalsozialismus auf nachfolgende Generationen? Was ist notwendig, um eine Gedenkkultur neuen Formats und ein neues Handeln zu ermoglichen? Auch diesen Fragen stellen sich die Autoren.

In 1953, Freud biographer Ernest Jones revealed that the famous hysteric Anna O. was really Bertha Pappenheim (1859-1936), the prolific author, German-Jewish feminist, pioneering social worker, and activist. Elizabeth Loentz directs attention away from the young woman who arguably invented the talking cure and back to Pappenheim and her post-Anna O. achievements. Her writings, especially, reveal her to be one of the most versatile, productive, influential, and controversial Jewish thinkers and leaders of her time. Pappenheims oeuvre includes stories, plays, poems, prayers, travel literature, letters, essays, speeches, and aphorisms. She translated Mary Wollstonecrafts Vindication of the Rights of Women as well as the Memoirs of Gluckel of Hamelnand other Old Yiddish texts into German. She was discussed as both writer and newsmaker in German-Jewish newspapers of every religious and political affiliation and in German feminist publications. As founder and leader of the League of Jewish Women in Germany and the international League of Jewish Women, she was at the forefront of the campaign to combat human trafficking and forced prostitution. A pioneer of modern Jewish social work, she founded a home for at-risk girls and unwed mothers and advocated on behalf of Jewish women, children, refugees, and immigrants. Her accomplishments are all the more remarkable because she attained them after struggling to recover from the debilitating mental illness chronicled in Freud and Breuers Studies on Hysteria(1895). Loentz examines how Pappenheim engaged, in words and deeds, with the key political, social, and cultural issues concerning German Jewry in the early decades of the twentieth century: the status of the Yiddish language, Zionism, the conversion epidemic, responses to the plight of Eastern European Jews, and Jewish spirituality. Pappenheims unique approach to each of these issues balanced allegiances to feminism, the Jewish religion, and German culture. Loentz also explores how biographers and artists have rediscovered Pappenheim, rewritten her life story, and renegotiated her identity.

¿Por qué los españoles calificaron como idolatría a las religiones y creencias de los indios americanos? ¿Qué consecuencias sociales, culturales y humanas tuvo esto? Para la Corona española, la conquista de los territorios americanos se justificaba en la medida en que se autoconcebian como los portadores y defensores de la religion verdadera. Para algunos sectores de aquella sociedad, que iba "a caballo entre el medievo y el Mundo Moderno", la conquista de America era la gran promesa de fama y fortuna; pero para otros, era la posibilidad de alcanzar su propia salvacion (y hasta su santidad). Para estos ultimos, su "mision divina" era evangelizar a millones de indios que, segun ellos, se encontraban en garras del demonio, y asi rescatarlos de la condena eterna. La empresa evangelizadora era tambien la renovacion de una "guerra santa" que habia comenzado con la expulsion de los "infieles" musulmanes del territorio iberico, y que ahora enfrentaba a los indios idolatras de America. Esto abrio un amplio abanico de complejos procesos culturales, juridicos y eclesiales entre las religiones locales y la impuesta, mismos que son estudiados en este libro. Simbolicamente, el "Nuevo Mundo" fue el escenario de una confrontacion mistica entre el cristianismo de los españoles y la "idolatria" de los indios. Fue una renovacion simbolica de la lucha del "bien contra el mal" que a veces termino en hogueras cuyo humo impidio ver a sus promotores los limites entre bueno y malo.

Lobjecte daquest recull és editar una selecció, suficientment extensa o representativa, de lletres reials i de documents de caràcter diplomàtic en llengua catalana continguts en la sèrie de registres

Jewish Presence on SemmeringThe Semmering the popular summer and winter holiday destination has a long association with Jewish guests. This history dates back to the Jewish trade routes in the Middle Ages when merchants passed through the area, and it continues to the present day. With the expansion of the railway, elegant hotels were constructed, kosher infrastructure was offered, Jewish doctors opened facilities for treatments and cures, and sports and leisure culture developed. The Semmering became a destination for health tourism, as well as the center of vibrant social life: Celebrities like Sigmund Freud, Arthur Schnitzler, Berta Zuckerkandl, and others turned into regular guests. Some even purchased property, built lavish villas, and dressed in local costumes as a sign of their affiliation. However, the rise of National Socialism marked the end of carefree vacations, leading to the expulsion and expropriation of many. After the Second World War, the Semmering attracted a new range of visitors: survivors of the Holocaust from neighboring countries and their children, who longed to forget their painful past as quickly as possible. For the first time, this book takes a detailed look at Jewish life in the Semmering region.

David II (13291371), son of the hero King of Scots, Robert Bruce (13061329), has suffered a harsh historical press, condemned as a disastrous general, a womaniser and a sympathiser with Scotlands auld enemy, England. Bringing together evidence from Scotland, England and France, Michael Penman offers a different view: that of a child king who survived usurpation, English invasion, exile and eleven years of English captivity after defeat in battle in 1326 to emerge as a formidable ruler of Scotland. Learning from Philip VI of France and Edward III of England in turn, David became the charismatic patron of a vibrant court focused on the arts of chivalry: had he lived longer, Scotlands political landscape and national outlook might have been very different to that which emerged under his successors, the Stewart kings. But Davids was also a reign of internal tensions fuelled by his increasingly desperate efforts to determine the royal succession, overawe great magnates like his heir presumptive, Robert the Steward, and persuade his subjects of the need for closer relations with England after sixty years of war.

Feuding had an effect on the history of most of Europe. Scotland provides a fascinating focus for the study of the bloodfeud because feuding survived until remarkably late there, and thus is much better documented than in other European societies. This examination of the Scottish evidence shows its relevance to the wider European community to which the Scots belonged, reveals much about the nature of the bloodfeud in general, and explores the changes in society which at last brought about its suppression. The bloodfeud has been the subject of anthropological rather than historical investigation, partly because it largely disappeared at an early stage in the development of literacy in Europe and has never been a fashionable research topic for historians. In this study of fifteenth- and sixteenth-century feud in Scotland, Keith Brown focuses on its context in society, politics and the ideology that served to uproot the tradition. The book will be of value to historians of many different cultures and periods.

In viewing Galloway from the wider context of the northern British mainland, Irish Sea and wider Hebridean zone, it has been possible to explore the dynamics of state-building, dynastic interactions, and the close inter-relationships of the territories connected by the western seaways, which most traditional national histories obscure. From this wider perspective, the development of the lordship of Galloway can be considered in the context of the spreading power and regional rivalries of English, Irish and Scottish kings, and a reassessment of the emergence of the unitary lordship controlled by Fergus of Galloway and his family. Traditional interpretations of the relationship of Fergus and his successors with the kings of England and Scotland are challenged and new light is thrown on the beginnings of the processes of progressive domination of Galloway by, and integration into, the kingdom of the Scots. The end of the autonomous lordship in the 1230s is projected against the backdrop of the aggressive state-building activities of King Alexander II and the transformation of its rulers from independently minded princes and warlords into Anglo-Scottish barons.

During the century and a half of their power the Black Douglases earned fame as Scotlands champions in the front line of war against England. On their shields they bore the bloody heart of Robert Bruce, the symbol of their claim to be the physical protectors of the hero-kings legacy. But others saw the power of these lords and earls of Douglas in a different light. To their critics the Douglases were a force for disorder in the kingdom, lawless, arrogant and violent, whose power rested on coercion and whose defiance of kings and guardians ultimately provoked James II into slaying the Douglas earl with his own hand. Michael Brown analyses the rise and fall of this family as the dominant magnates of the south, from the deeds of the Good Sir James Douglas in the service of Bruce to the violent destruction of the Douglas earls in the 1450s. Alongside this study of the accumulation and loss of power by one of the great noble houses, The Black Douglases includes a series of thematic examinations of the nature of aristocratic power. In particular these emphasise the link between warfare and political power in southern Scotland during the fourteenth century. For the Black Douglases, war was not just a patriotic duty but the means to power and fame in Scotland and across Europe.

In the Ptolemaic station of Bir Samut (3rd cent. B.C.) on the desert-road between Edfu and Berenice, the same African nomads were called Trogodytai in Greek and Blhm.w in Egyptian. In this word we recognise the Blemmyes of Greek and Latin literature and of documents from late antiquity. And yet, three centuries later, these nomads were simply called Barbaroi in the Roman garrisons of the Eastern Desert. From this discovery came the idea to publish, in the same volume, the demotic ostraca from Bir Samut that mention Blemmyes, together with a group of Greek orders to distribute grain to Barbarians from the time of Gallienus, found at the Roman praesidium of Xeron Pelagos. The only archaeological remains that can be attributed with certainty to these nomads are vessels and shards of Eastern Desert Ware, a hand built, polished ceramic decorated with incisions. The examples found at Bir Samut are published in the volume. The three chapters consecrated to the unpublished documents are preceded by a presentation of the history of the nomad-population of the Eastern Desert of Egypt in the long perspective from the Pharaonic period onwards, and reflexions on the names given by the Greeks and the Romans in turn to these people who occupied the Eastern Desert of Egypt and Nubia.

Defining Israel: The Jewish State, Democracy, and the Law is the first book in any language devoted to the controversial passage of Israels nation-state law. Israel has no constitution, and though it calls itself the Jewish state there is no agreement among Israelis on how that fact should be reflected in the governments laws or by its courts. Since the 1990s a number of civil society groups and legislators have drafted constitutions and proposed Basic Laws with constitutional standing that would clarify what it means for Israel to be a "Jewish and democratic state." Are these bills liberal or chauvinist? Are they a defense of the Knesset or an attack on the independence of the courts? Is their intention democratic or anti-democratic? The fight over the nation-state law-whether to have one and what should be in it-toppled the 19th Knessets governing coalition and, even after its passage on July 29, 2018, remains a point of contention among Israels lawmakers and increasingly the Israeli public. Defining Israel brings together influential scholars, journalists, and politicians, observers and participants, opponents and proponents, Jews and Arabs, all debating the merits and meaning of Israels nation-state law. Together with translations of each draft law, the final law, and other key documents, the essays and sources in Defining Israel are essential to understand the ongoing debate over what it means for Israel to be a Jewish and democratic state.

Vor dem "groen" Bauernkrieg von 1525 gab es im Alten Reich eine Vielzahl von Unruhen, Aufstanden und Revolten. Am bekanntesten sind die "Bundschuh"-Verschworungen und die Bewegung des "Armen Konrad" in Wurttemberg im Sudwesten, deren Bedeutung bis heute teilweise falsch eingeschatzt wird. Auch in den Stadten gab es damals eine regelrechte Aufstandskonjunktur, die bislang kaum vergleichend erforscht wurde. Das Buch gibt einen Uberblick zu diesen Phanomenen und stellt die Verbindung zur Reformation her, die insofern eine neue Phase einlautet, als sie den vormals fragmentierten Bewegungen eine gemeinsame Richtung gab. Schlielich wird der Bogen bis zum Beginn des Bauernkriegs geschlagen. Auf diese Weise werden Kontinuitaten und Bruche ebenso sichtbar wie Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen den "Voraufstanden" und dem Bauernkrieg.

The creative genius behind Founders Building at Royal Holloway, University of London, arguably the most glorious building in England of the end of the nineteenth century, is widely respected and its architectural style is regarded as archetypally Victorian. Yet its architect, William Henry Crossland, is little known, despite a substantial catalogue of buildings, most of which remain standing today. Bringing Crossland out of the shadows, this biography explores this mysterious and elusive figure in depth for the first time. Recently digitised documents and long-hidden archival material have thrown a powerful light on Crossland, which, together with the authors first-hand knowledge of his buildings, offer the reader an unprecedented appreciation and understanding of the man, his life and work, as well as his personal and artistic influences. W.H. Crossland fills a gap in nineteenth-century architectural knowledge, but it is also the touching story of an ambitious and talented man, who is long overdue to be recognised as one of the greats among nineteenth-century architects. This book is intended for architects, architectural historians and anyone who is interested in the built environment, nineteenth-century history and intriguing personal stories.

Ningún gesto o palabra de los neófitos parecía suficiente a los evangelizadores para demostrar la autenticidad de su fe; no bastaban los cambios comportamentales, lo que se esperaba era la transformacion de una actitud interior conocida como creencia. El problema no se reducia a determinar si los indigenas eran cristianos, se esperaba establecer si ello conllevaba al abandono de sus antiguas concepciones.Habia que avocarse a una triple tarea: 1. Conocer las ideas y los rituales prehispanicos, a fin de que estos pudieran ser identificados y extirpados. 2. Dotarse del instrumental linguistico para la transmision de sus propios preceptos. 3. Generar metodologias para la erradicacion de cultos indeseables y su sustitucion por la verdadera religion.Es en torno a estas vicisitudes que se construye la presente obra.Se discuten algunos fundamentos cosmologicos que mostraron mayor resistencia a la imposicion de la nueva cultura y se muestra como su potencia llego trastocar la religiosidad de los españoles. Se analizan las estrategias de traduccion a lenguas indigenas de obras europeas. Se aborda el discurso contra la idolatria y las clasificaciones de pecados contra la fe. Se examina, por ultimo, la ocurrencia de faltas que hubieron de pasar inadvertidas.La mirada resultante es un mosaico que ilustra la pluralidad de aproximaciones a hechos necesariamente complejos.

En un tiempo en el que se están derribando monumentos a personajes históricos asociados al colonialismo y se están retirando sus nombres de los espacios públicos, una retrospectiva sobre los 500 años de la conquista de Mexico por parte de los españoles parece un atrevimiento. Aunque tambien se podria argumentar que, en realidad, precisamente por ello, es aun mas necesario.En la presente antologia se aventura una vision poscolonial de la conquista y del posterior cambio cultural que no se preste al populismo ni a la polemica, sino que se fundamente en la buena practica academica a partir del trabajo de cientificos de renombre. Por un lado, se abordan explicitamente complejos temas actuales como el cambio climatico, los "puntos ciegos" de una historiografia hasta ahora dominada por los hombres, la politica historica y los estudios poscoloniales, y por otro, los grandes debates aun no resueltos en los estudios historicos, asi como sobre nuevos campos de investigacion.

¿De qué se habla cuando se utiliza el término "raza"? En unos casos, se alude a remotos pasados ancestrales y a sustratos culturales que cohesionan grupos y sociedades; en otros, el concepto se aleja de la genealogia y la cultura para fincar su significado en la biologia y en la inmutabilidad de la condicion humana. Ya sea para referirse a una supuesta espiritualidad racial o para remarcar la condicion hereditaria de rasgos fisicos y mentales, la raza ha sido vector ineludible de la reflexion y la accion politica en la Iberoamerica de los siglos XIX y XX.Esta obra analiza la diversidad de sentidos del termino "raza" en el debate publico iberoamericano. A traves de estudios de caso, nacionales y regionales, el lector entrara en contacto con los significados y los usos de categorias raciales proyectadas en el terreno de las practicas politicas. La revitalizacion de discursos y conductas racistas obliga a una revision de la historia de tradiciones politicas e intelectuales que utilizaron categorias raciales para moldear identidades colectivas y definir proyectos politicos sobre los que aun discutimos. Un problema historico, pero tambien de una alarmante actualidad politica.