Ebooks de historia, página 6 de 2137

The Lutheran Pastor Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg (17531815) is remembered today as one of the pioneering figures in early American botany, which earned him the posthumous epithet "The American Linnaeus". This study traces Muhlenbergs contributions to American botany by reconstructing his vast transatlantic correspondence network over a period of more than 30 years. Working on the tenets of modern network studies and with information gathered from close to 700 original letters, diaries and publications, the present study places Muhlenberg both within his own web of correspondences and within the botanical discourse of his time. The result is a multi-faceted depiction of contemporary standards, codes and pitfalls of scientific communication in the so-called "Republic of Letters". As Muhlenbergs example shows, the very fabric of this Republic open exchange of information had a strong impact on the course and outcome of scientific research itself. This "Network Factor" becomes clearly visible in Muhlenbergs networking strategies, which he developed to protect his original work against the negative effects of the very medium he was working with.

Diente der Krieg als Katalysator religiosen Wandels? Dieser Frage geht Holger Berg am Beispiel Erfurts in der Zeit des Dreiigjahrigen Krieges nach. Zuwiderlaufende Thesen uber die Starkung bzw. den Abbruch bestehender Lehren infolge des Krieges werden anhand des reichhaltigen Quellenmaterials erstmals empirisch uberpruft. Wahrend u.a. Predigten und Erbauungsbucher die Lehren vierer Pfarrer dokumentieren, geben historiographische Handschriften Auskunft uber die Uberzeugungen der Laien. Der breit angelegte Blickwinkel auf Pfarrer und Gemeindeglieder bietet nuancierte Ergebnisse sowohl fur die Kirchengeschichte als auch fur die historisch-anthropologische Forschung. Wer sich fur den Zusammenhang von Leid, gelebtem Glauben und Kriegserfahrungen interessiert, gewinnt hier ungewohnliche Einblicke.

The Religious World of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus examines the religious life of one of the last pagan senators of Rome, dates c. 340-402, who lived in a tumultuous time during the Late Antique period of the Roman Empire, dying just a few years before the Western Empire began to break up. Symmachus could not have imagined the political reality developing so soon after his death, so he is important as a late example of the old Roman Western aristocracy, as well as one of the last pagans of Rome. He was regarded as the foremost orator of his time and was a prolific letter-writer who had correspondents in high places and throughout the Empire. He also filled the posts of Urban Prefect of Rome and Consul - and was the opponent of Bishop Ambrose of Milan during the so-called 384 CE "Altar of Victory Dispute," which was one episode of many leading to the " triumph" of Christianity over traditional Roman polytheism. Symmachus cache of 900 private letters and his official despatches while Urban Prefect have provided the raw material for this book.

This book is a volume in the Penn Press Anniversary Collection. To mark its 125th anniversary in 2015, the University of Pennsylvania Press rereleased more than 1,100 titles from Penn Presss distinguished backlist from 1899-1999 that had fallen out of print. Spanning an entire century, the Anniversary Collection offers peer-reviewed scholarship in a wide range of subject areas.

This book is a volume in the Penn Press Anniversary Collection. To mark its 125th anniversary in 2015, the University of Pennsylvania Press rereleased more than 1,100 titles from Penn Presss distinguished backlist from 1899-1999 that had fallen out of print. Spanning an entire century, the Anniversary Collection offers peer-reviewed scholarship in a wide range of subject areas.

Tepe Hissar is a large Bronze Age site in northeastern Iran notable for its uninterrupted occupational history from the fifth to the second millennium B.C.E. The quantity and elaborateness of its excavated artifacts and funerary customs position the site prominently as a cultural bridge between Mesopotamia and Central Asia. To address questions of synchronic and diachronic nature relating to the changing levels of socioeconomic complexity in the region and across the greater Near East, chronological clarity is required. While Erich Schmidts 1931-32 excavations for the Penn Museum established the historical framework at Tepe Hissar, it was Robert H. Dyson, Jr., and his teams follow-up work in 1976 that presented a stratigraphically clearer sequence for the site with associated radiocarbon dates. Until now, however, a full study of the sites ceramic assemblages has not been published. This monograph brings to final publication a stratigraphically based chronology for the Early Bronze Age settlement at Tepe Hissar. Based on a full study of the ceramic assemblages excavated from radiocarbon-dated occupational phases in 1976 by Dyson and his team, and linked to Schmidts earlier ceramic sequence that was derived from a large corpus of grave contents, a new chronological framework for Tepe Hissar and its region is established. This clarified sequence provides ample evidence for the nature of the evolution and the abandonment of the site, and its chronological correlations on the northern Iranian plateau, situating it in time and space between Turkmenistan and Bactria on the one hand and Mesopotamia on the other.

This volume is one of the most important works on ancient Athens in the last fifty years. The focus is on the early city, from the end of the Bronze Age--ca. 1200 BCE--to the Archaic period, when Athens became the largest city of the Classical period, only to be destroyed by the Persians in 480/479 BCE. From a systematic study of all the excavation reports and surveys in central Athens, the author has synthesized a detailed diachronic overview of the city from the Submycenaean period through the Archaic. It is a treasure trove of information for archaeologists who work in this period. Of great value as well are the detailed maps included, which present features of ancient settlements and cemeteries, the repositories of the human physical record. Over eighty additional large-scale, interactive maps are available online to complement the book.

Seit der Antike wei man um das Problem der Verwitterung von Gestein und der damit einhergehenden Verschlechterung des Zustands von Gebauden, Mauerwerk, Denkmalern, Skulpturen etc.Alle vier Jahre treffen sich auf einer internationalen Tagung Experten, die sich mit den entsprechenden Sachfragen beschaftigen. Der 14th International Congress on the Deterioration and Conservation of Stone findet im September 2020 in Gottingen statt. Er ist die wichtigste Veranstaltung zur Verbreitung des Wissens von Praktikern und Forschern, die im Bereich der Steinkonservierung zur Erhaltung des baulichen Kulturerbes arbeiten: Geowissenschaftler, Architekten, Bauspezialisten, Ingenieure, Restauratoren, Denkmalpfleger und Bauherren.Der Tagungsband mit uber 150 wissenschaftlichen Beitragen reprasentiert und erfasst den neuesten Stand der Technik auf diesem Gebiet.Themen sind: Charakterisierung von Schadensphanomenen von Steinen und verwandten Baumaterialien (Stuck, Putz, Mortel usw.) Methoden zur Untersuchung des Steinverfalls in situ und zerstorungsfreie Prufung Langzeituberwachung von Steindenkmalern und Gebauden Simulation und Modellierung des Zerfalls Technologien und Entwicklung verbesserter Bearbeitung und Verwendung von Stein in Neubauten Bewertung der Langzeitwirkung von Bearbeitungstechniken Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Steinverwitterung des Kulturerbes Berichte zur Steinkonservierung: Fallstudien und Projekte Digitalisierung und Dokumentation von Steinkonservierung------The 14th International Congress on the Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, entitled MONUMENT FUTURE: DECAY AND CONSERVATION OF STONE is a quadrennial event that brings together a world-wide community of geoscientists, architects, building specialists, engineers, conservators, restorators, monument curators and building owners who are concerned about the conservation of cultural stone structures and objects. Since antiquity, the weathering and deterioration of historical buildings, masonry, monuments, sculptures etc. using natural stones has been a very well-known problem.This conference is the main gathering for the dissemination of knowledge in the field of stone deterioration issues. It represents and captures the state-of-the-art in the field of stone conservation and cultural heritage conservation with regards to the following topics: Characterisation of damage phenomena of stone and related building materials (plaster, rendering, mortar etc.) Methods for the investigation of stone decay; in-situ and non-destructive testing Long-term monitoring of stone monuments and buildings Simulation and modelling of decay Technology and development of improved treatments and use of stone in new buildings Assessment of long-term effects of treatments Impact of climate change on stone decay of Cultural Heritage Reports about stone conservation: case studies and projects Digitalization and documentation in stone conservation

Southwest Asia is at the epicenter of zooarchaeological research on pivotal changes in human history such as animal domestication and the emergence of social complexity. This volume continues the long tradition of the ASWA conference series in publishing new research results in the zooarchaeology of southwest Asia and adjacent areas. The book is organized in three thematic areas. The first presents new methodological tools and approaches in the study of animal remains exemplified through studies on domestication, butchery practices, microdebris, intrasite contextual comparisons and age-at-death recording. Besides offering interesting insights into our past, these methodological developments enable higher resolution for future research. The second section focuses on the subsistence economies of prehistoric and early complex societies and provides new insights into how animal management developed in southwest Asia. The third section includes intriguing new research results on the roles of animals in the symbolic world of ancient societies, such as the meaning of insect figures at Gobekli Tepe, animal cults in Egypt, feasting in Iron Age Oman, and the ornithological interpretation of Byzantine mosaics.

This volume addresses the history of saints and sainthood in the Middle Ages in the Baltic Region, with a special focus on the cult of saints in Russia, Prussia, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Estonia, and Latvia (Livonia). Essays explore such topics as the introduction of foreign (and "old") saints into new regions, the creation of new local cults of saints in newly Christianized regions, the role of the cult of saints in the creation of political and lay identities, and the potential role of saints in times of war.

Die Entdeckung "spektakulärer, herausragender und einzigartiger" Mosaike in der spätantiken Villa von Noheda in der Provinz Cuenca (Villar de Domingo García) hat in der internationalen Fachwelt für A

Slavery played a crucial economic and social role in the Roman history. Unfree individuals were employed to perform a wide range of duties in both the domestic environment and the public sphere. Along with the large population of private slaves who were owned by individual masters, and the smaller but influential group of Imperial slaves who were property of the emperors, there was another category of slaves: the so-called public slaves (servi publici). They were unfree individuals, owned by a community rather than a single master.Based on primary evidence, Franco Luciani aims to provide a comprehensive study of public slavery in the Roman world. By focusing on the use of public slaves in both Rome and in other cities of the Western Empire, as well as on the development of public slavery from the Middle Republic to Late Antiquity, Luciani attempts to define public slavery and to explore the historical significance of public slavery across time. He also analyses the role played by public slaves in the life of the community they belonged to. Specific attention is then drawn to manumission of public slaves and the legal status of freed public slaves. Finally, Luciani addresses the issue of the position of public slaves in Roman society.

The armies of Cyrus, Xerxes and Darius III are usually understood through the lens of classical literature and stereotypes about the orient. Sean Manning proposes a new understanding based on all kinds of evidence and the study of the ancient Near East. He examines the last century and a half of research in its historical and ideological context. Three core chapters treat Akkadian tablets, Aramaic documents, royal inscriptions, and artifacts as sources in their own right, not compliments to Herodotus. The different perspectives of Iranian philologists, Mesopotamian archaeologists and historians of ancient Greece are considered and addressed. A series of case studies show that the Greek and Latin texts can be read in unfamiliar ways which can survive stronger criticism than traditional interpretations. The kings troops were not literary foils to show the virtues of Greek hoplites or Scythian horsemen, they were agents of an early world empire which drew on long traditions and the latest innovations to gather money, soldiers, and workers and deploy them at the will of the king.

The renowned historian Jenny Wormald was a ground-breaking expert on early modern Scottish history, especially Stewart kingship, noble power and wider society. She was most controversial in her book-length critique of Mary, Queen of Scots. Unfortunately, Jenny never got round to producing a similar monograph on a monarch she was infinitely more fond of, King James VI and I, before her untimely death in 2015. In the absence of such a book, this volume brings together all the major essays by Jenny on James. She wrote on almost every aspect and every major event of James reign, from the famous Gunpowder Plot, the Plantation of Ulster, the Gowrie Conspiracy, to the witchcraft panics, as well as James extensive writings. She wrote extensively on James Scottish rule, but she was also keenly interested in James as the first king of all of Britain, and many of her essays unpick the issues surrounding the Union of the Crowns and James rule over all three of his kingdoms. This book is an invaluable resource for any scholar on this crucial time in the history of the British Isles.

Ancient religion is traditionally understood in terms of myths, rituals and institutions, as transmitted in ancient texts. The studies gathered here focus instead on the lived experience of ancient cult and the places in which that experience was formed. They build on recent explorations of Lived Ancient Religion and also on new approaches to Material Ancient Religion. All ancient societies constructed elaborate sanctuaries. Their architecture and the collective rituals that took place there shaped collective experiences. Through case studies drawn from Ancient Egypt, the Greek World and the Roman Empire these themes are explored and elaborated. Together they indicate new ways of approaching ancient religious experience, collective and individual.

This is a rich collection of twenty-seven essays to mark the memory of Ioannis Taifacos. For two decades (19932013) Ioannis Taifacos worked hard to establish the Department of Classics and Philosophy as an autonomous administrative unit at the newly-founded University of Cyprus and to integrate it into the wider academic community. All the essays are original, and are written by an international group of established scholars, some of whom are among the most respected names in the field of Classics. The eleven papers of Part I deal with Greek and Latin literature: epic poetry, Polybius, Lucian, Tatian, Gregory of Nazianzus, the reception of Greek epigram in nineteenth-century Greece; Cicero, Caesar, Atellane Comedy, Ovid, and the bilingual poetry of Late Antiquity. Part II features five papers on Greek and Latin scholarship, and three on papyrological, rhetorical and linguistic topics: Valerius Probus, Priscian, John of Alexandria (Aelius Herodian), the Greek Etymologica, prototypon/absolutum in Latin grammatical terminology; the papyrus rolls of the Aristotelian Constitution of Athens and HerodasMimiambs; George of Trebizond; a graecism in Latin syntax. Part III, made up of seven papers, is devoted to Anaximander, Plato, Aristotle, Clearchus, Stoics, Cynics, Galen, and Nicolaus Cusanus. Finally, Part IV contains a paper on the Arabian policy of Trajan.

M. ABDELRAHIEM, The Inscriptions of the Alabaster Sanctuary of Osiris (Temple of Ramesses II at Abydos) H. ALTENMULLER, Der Konvoi der Sonnenschiffe in den Pyramidentexten N. BILLING, Writing an Image The Formulation of the Tree Goddess Motif in the Book of the Dead, Ch. 59 A. BRAWANSKI, Die Wirbelsaulenverletzungen des Papyrus Edwin Smith (Fall 2933) V. G. CALLENDER, Queen Tausret and the End of Dynasty 19 M. COENEN, The Documents of Breathing in the Royal Museum of Edinburgh M. FITZENREITER, Richtungsbezuge in agyptischen Sakralanlagen oder: Warum im agyptischen Tempel das Sanktuar hinten links in der Ecke liegt (Teil II) CH. GEISEN, Zur zeitlichen Einordnung des Konigs Djehuti an das Ende der 13. Dynastie F.-R. HERBIN, Un texte de glorification K. JANSEN-WINKELN, Sprachliche Bemerkungen zu den ""Unterweltsbuchern"" M. EL-KHADRAGY / J. KAHL in collaboration with E.-M. ENGEL, The First Intermediate Period Tombs at Asyut Revisited N. KLOTH, Zur Uberlieferung (auto-)biographischer Inschriften im Alten Reich K. KONRAD, Der Ptah des Amenemhet: Zur theologischen Konzeption einer Kniefigur am Opferbecken R. KRAUSS: August Bockh (17851867) und andere Autoren uber den Beginn des agyptischen Kalendertages nach Ptolemaus im Almagest S. L. LIPPERT / M. SCHENTULEIT: Ein Webstuhl mit Zubehor: Die spatdemotische Urkunde P. Berlin P 23779+30009 A. MANISALI: ""Imitate but innovate"" oder: Eine Gotterbedrohung mit hymnischer Struktur im Papyrus Genf MAH 15274 L. D. MORENZ: Visuelle Poesie als eine sakrale Zeichen-Kunst der altagyptischen hohen Kultur J. F. QUACK: Der pranatale Geschlechtsverkehr von Isis und Osiris sowie eine Notiz zum Alter des Osiris G. ROSATI: A Group of Middle Kingdom Stelae from El Rizeiqat/El Gebelein H. SELIM: Three Unpublished Late Period Statues u.a.m.

HARTWIG ALTENMÜLLER: Der Himmelsaufsteig des Grabherrn – Zu den Szenen des z?? w d in den Gräbern des Alten Reiches. LUCAS BAQUÉ: ""On that Day when the Long-horned Bull was Lassoed."" (PT [254] 286)