Ebooks de historia, página 3 de 2375

In "The Cavalry General," Xenophon offers a seminal exploration of cavalry tactics, leadership, and strategy, drawing upon his own experiences as a soldier and mercenary during the late 5th century BCE. This treatise stands out for its practical insights and rich context, delving into the intricacies of battlefield maneuvers and the psychological dimensions of leading armed forces. Written in a clear and accessible style, Xenophons work is embedded in the broader literature on ancient military theory, providing a bridge between historiography and instruction that has informed military thought throughout the centuries. Xenophon, a disciple of Socrates, was a multifaceted figure: historian, philosopher, and soldier. His diverse experiences shaped his writings, as he not only fought in several campaigns but also served as a general himself, gaining firsthand knowledge of cavalry operations. The lessons drawn from his various military engagements and the keen observations of leadership dynamics evident in his works reflect his desire to convey practical wisdom applicable both on and off the battlefield. "The Cavalry General" is an essential read for anyone interested in military strategy, leadership, and the historical foundations of cavalry tactics. Scholars and military enthusiasts alike will appreciate Xenophons clarity and depth, as well as his ability to transcend time, offering invaluable lessons still relevant in contemporary discussions of military leadership and strategy.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A succinct Introduction situates the works timeless appeal and themes.- The Synopsis outlines the central plot, highlighting key developments without spoiling critical twists.- A detailed Historical Context immerses you in the eras events and influences that shaped the writing.- An Author Biography reveals milestones in the authors life, illuminating the personal insights behind the text.- A thorough Analysis dissects symbols, motifs, and character arcs to unearth underlying meanings.- Reflection questions prompt you to engage personally with the works messages, connecting them to modern life.- Handpicked Memorable Quotes shine a spotlight on moments of literary brilliance.- Interactive footnotes clarify unusual references, historical allusions, and archaic phrases for an effortless, more informed read.

Xenophons "Anabasis" is a profound narrative detailing the harrowing journey of Greek mercenaries known as the Ten Thousand, stranded deep within Persian territory after their employers defeat. Written in a straightforward, yet eloquent prose that vividly captures the landscape and trials of the march, the text is both a military account and a philosophical meditation on leadership, loyalty, and the human condition in the face of adversity. It was composed in the 4th century BCE, reflecting the socio-political unrest of its time while serving as a pivotal historical document that illuminates not just the intricacies of Greek-Persian relations but also the enduring spirit of resilience among ordinary soldiers. Xenophon, a student of Socrates and a soldier himself, brings unique perspectives to this work, reflecting his experiences and philosophical inquiries into the nature of virtue and the moral dilemmas faced in warfare. His background as a philosopher, historian, and experienced military leader informs his narrative style and lends deeper layers to the tale, contrasting the chaos of war with contemplations on duty, honor, and survival. This seminal work is a must-read for anyone interested in ancient history, military strategy, or the philosophical underpinnings of human action. Its vivid storytelling and pragmatic insights not only enrich our understanding of the past but also resonate with the contemporary struggles of leadership and camaraderie in challenging circumstances.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A succinct Introduction situates the works timeless appeal and themes.- The Synopsis outlines the central plot, highlighting key developments without spoiling critical twists.- A detailed Historical Context immerses you in the eras events and influences that shaped the writing.- An Author Biography reveals milestones in the authors life, illuminating the personal insights behind the text.- A thorough Analysis dissects symbols, motifs, and character arcs to unearth underlying meanings.- Reflection questions prompt you to engage personally with the works messages, connecting them to modern life.- Handpicked Memorable Quotes shine a spotlight on moments of literary brilliance.- Interactive footnotes clarify unusual references, historical allusions, and archaic phrases for an effortless, more informed read.

Xenophons "Hellenica" serves as a crucial historical narrative that chronicles the final years of the Peloponnesian War and the ensuing events of the Greek world up to 362 BCE. Written with a clear, engaging prose style, the work exhibits Xenophons unique perspective as both a soldier and a historian, combining firsthand observation with extensive research. Unlike Thucydides more analytical approach, Xenophons narrative is infused with a sense of moral inquiry and character analysis, reflecting the tumultuous political landscape of post-war Greece and showcasing significant figures like Socrates, Alcibiades, and the Spartan leaders. The text is not merely a historical account; it is an exploration of ethical leadership amidst civic strife, placing it firmly within the tradition of classical historiography. Xenophon, an Athenian-born soldier, philosopher, and student of Socrates, drew upon his experiences in various military campaigns and his disdain for the chaotic political environment of his time to compose "Hellenica." His background in philosophy profoundly influenced his insights into leadership and virtue, shaping his interpretations of historical events. Living in a transitional period marked by the decline of Athenian power, his work reflects both his love for Greece and his desire to provide an enduring evaluation of its political and ethical conditions. "Hellenica" is essential reading for those interested in ancient Greek history, military strategy, and ethical philosophy. Its multifaceted approach renders it not only a source of historical knowledge but also a profound commentary on the nature of power and morality. Readers seeking to understand the foundations of Western thought and leadership will find Xenophons exploration illuminating and relevant.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A succinct Introduction situates the works timeless appeal and themes.- The Synopsis outlines the central plot, highlighting key developments without spoiling critical twists.- A detailed Historical Context immerses you in the eras events and influences that shaped the writing.- An Author Biography reveals milestones in the authors life, illuminating the personal insights behind the text.- A thorough Analysis dissects symbols, motifs, and character arcs to unearth underlying meanings.- Reflection questions prompt you to engage personally with the works messages, connecting them to modern life.- Handpicked Memorable Quotes shine a spotlight on moments of literary brilliance.- Interactive footnotes clarify unusual references, historical allusions, and archaic phrases for an effortless, more informed read.

Xenophons Cyropaedia - The Life and Wisdom of Cyrus the Great is a captivating historical and philosophical work that blends biography with moral teachings. Written in a prose style reminiscent of classical Greek literature, the book chronicles the life of the legendary Persian ruler Cyrus the Great, highlighting his leadership skills, military strategies, and philosophical beliefs. Xenophons detailed descriptions of political intrigue and battle tactics are complemented by his exploration of Cyrus character and values, making this work not only an insightful historical account but also a timeless reflection on the nature of power and virtue. Historical and literary scholars alike will appreciate the rich tapestry of culture and wisdom woven into this narrative. Xenophon, a student of Socrates and a veteran of the Persian Expedition, drew on his knowledge of ancient history and military affairs to craft this seminal work. His firsthand experiences with military campaigns and governance lend authenticity to the vivid portrayal of Cyrus and his era. Xenophons admiration for Cyrus as a ruler and philosopher shines through in his meticulous portrayal, underscoring the complex interplay of politics and ethics in ancient empires. I highly recommend Cyropaedia to readers interested in classical literature, ancient history, and political philosophy. Xenophons masterful storytelling and profound insights into leadership and morality make this work a must-read for anyone seeking to understand the timeless lessons of one of historys most enigmatic figures.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A succinct Introduction situates the works timeless appeal and themes.- The Synopsis outlines the central plot, highlighting key developments without spoiling critical twists.- A detailed Historical Context immerses you in the eras events and influences that shaped the writing.- An Author Biography reveals milestones in the authors life, illuminating the personal insights behind the text.- A thorough Analysis dissects symbols, motifs, and character arcs to unearth underlying meanings.- Reflection questions prompt you to engage personally with the works messages, connecting them to modern life.- Handpicked Memorable Quotes shine a spotlight on moments of literary brilliance.- Interactive footnotes clarify unusual references, historical allusions, and archaic phrases for an effortless, more informed read.

Xenophons The Historical Works of Xenophon is a collection of historical writings that provide valuable insights into ancient Greek history. Known for his clear and concise writing style, Xenophons narratives offer a vivid portrayal of events such as the expedition of Cyrus the Younger and the life of Spartan society. His works are considered significant contributions to the genre of historical literature, providing readers with a unique perspective on the political and social dynamics of the time. Xenophon, a student of Socrates and a contemporary of Plato, drew on his experiences as a soldier and adventurer to inform his historical writings. His firsthand accounts and meticulous attention to detail contribute to the authenticity and reliability of his work, making him a respected figure in the field of ancient historiography. I highly recommend The Historical Works of Xenophon to readers interested in ancient Greek history and historical literature. Xenophons narrative skill and insightful commentary make this collection a valuable resource for anyone seeking to deepen their understanding of the ancient world.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A comprehensive Introduction outlines these selected works unifying features, themes, or stylistic evolutions.- The Author Biography highlights personal milestones and literary influences that shape the entire body of writing.- A Historical Context section situates the works in their broader erasocial currents, cultural trends, and key events that underpin their creation.- A concise Synopsis (Selection) offers an accessible overview of the included texts, helping readers navigate plotlines and main ideas without revealing critical twists.- A unified Analysis examines recurring motifs and stylistic hallmarks across the collection, tying the stories together while spotlighting the different works strengths.- Reflection questions inspire deeper contemplation of the authors overarching message, inviting readers to draw connections among different texts and relate them to modern contexts.- Lastly, our handpicked Memorable Quotes distill pivotal lines and turning points, serving as touchstones for the collections central themes.

Xenophons Complete Works is a comprehensive collection of the renowned ancient Greek authors literary contributions, spanning a wide range of genres including historical, philosophical, and biographical works. Known for his clear and straightforward prose, Xenophons writings provide valuable insights into the societal norms, political landscapes, and military practices of ancient Greece. His works often reflect the authors pragmatic and practical approach to life, making them engaging and accessible to readers of all backgrounds. The Complete Works offer a glimpse into Xenophons varied interests and showcase his versatility as a writer in the classical era. It is a must-read for those interested in ancient Greek literature and history. Xenophon, a contemporary of Socrates and student of Socrates philosophy, was a prominent figure in ancient Greece who participated in many historical events and military campaigns. His experiences as a soldier and leader greatly influenced his writing style and thematic choices, providing a unique perspective on the tumultuous times he lived in. Xenophons dedication to recording historical events and philosophical discussions for future generations solidifies his importance as a scholar and writer. I highly recommend Xenophons Complete Works to anyone interested in delving into the rich tapestry of ancient Greek literature and philosophy. Xenophons works offer a valuable window into the beliefs, practices, and intellectual pursuits of a bygone era, making them essential reading for scholars, students, and enthusiasts of classical studies.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A comprehensive Introduction outlines these selected works unifying features, themes, or stylistic evolutions.- The Author Biography highlights personal milestones and literary influences that shape the entire body of writing.- A Historical Context section situates the works in their broader erasocial currents, cultural trends, and key events that underpin their creation.- A concise Synopsis (Selection) offers an accessible overview of the included texts, helping readers navigate plotlines and main ideas without revealing critical twists.- A unified Analysis examines recurring motifs and stylistic hallmarks across the collection, tying the stories together while spotlighting the different works strengths.- Reflection questions inspire deeper contemplation of the authors overarching message, inviting readers to draw connections among different texts and relate them to modern contexts.- Lastly, our handpicked Memorable Quotes distill pivotal lines and turning points, serving as touchstones for the collections central themes.

Xenophons Anabasis: The March of the Ten Thousand is a gripping firsthand account of the ancient Greek mercenary armys treacherous journey through enemy territory. Written in a clear and straightforward style, the book serves as a historical narrative of survival and leadership, filled with vivid descriptions of battles and the challenges faced by the soldiers. Xenophons attention to detail and strategic insights into military tactics make this account a valuable resource for understanding ancient warfare and the realities of a mercenarys life in the 4th century BC. The Anabasis is not just a war story, but also a classic of Greek literature that showcases Xenophons ability to weave together history, philosophy, and adventure in a compelling narrative. Readers will be transported back in time to experience the thrill and danger of this epic journey alongside the Ten Thousand, gaining a deeper understanding of ancient Greek culture and military practices.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A succinct Introduction situates the works timeless appeal and themes.- The Synopsis outlines the central plot, highlighting key developments without spoiling critical twists.- A detailed Historical Context immerses you in the eras events and influences that shaped the writing.- An Author Biography reveals milestones in the authors life, illuminating the personal insights behind the text.- A thorough Analysis dissects symbols, motifs, and character arcs to unearth underlying meanings.- Reflection questions prompt you to engage personally with the works messages, connecting them to modern life.- Handpicked Memorable Quotes shine a spotlight on moments of literary brilliance.- Interactive footnotes clarify unusual references, historical allusions, and archaic phrases for an effortless, more informed read.

Xenophons Hellenica is a masterpiece of ancient Greek historical literature that delves into the intricacies of the Peloponnesian War and its aftermath. Written in a clear and concise style, the book provides insights into the political, military, and social dynamics of the time, offering a detailed account of key events and personalities. Xenophons narrative skillfully weaves together historical facts and personal observations, creating a vivid picture of the turbulent period. His attention to detail and impartiality in presenting various perspectives make Hellenica a valuable source for understanding ancient Greek history. As a continuation of Thucydides work, Xenophons account picks up where his predecessor left off, filling in the gaps and providing a comprehensive view of the period. Working as a mercenary, statesman, and philosopher, Xenophons diverse experiences shaped his perspective on the events he chronicles in Hellenica. His firsthand knowledge of warfare, politics, and society gives depth and credibility to his narrative, making it a compelling read for history enthusiasts and scholars alike.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A succinct Introduction situates the works timeless appeal and themes.- The Synopsis outlines the central plot, highlighting key developments without spoiling critical twists.- A detailed Historical Context immerses you in the eras events and influences that shaped the writing.- An Author Biography reveals milestones in the authors life, illuminating the personal insights behind the text.- A thorough Analysis dissects symbols, motifs, and character arcs to unearth underlying meanings.- Reflection questions prompt you to engage personally with the works messages, connecting them to modern life.- Handpicked Memorable Quotes shine a spotlight on moments of literary brilliance.- Interactive footnotes clarify unusual references, historical allusions, and archaic phrases for an effortless, more informed read.

In "The Cavalry General," Xenophon offers a meticulous examination of cavalry tactics and leadership, intertwining practical advice with philosophical insights. Written in a straightforward yet engaging style characteristic of his historical works, the text serves as both a manual for military leaders and a tribute to the complexities of cavalry warfare in Ancient Greece. Through vivid descriptions and structured discourse, Xenophon explores the intricacies of cavalry formations, the importance of unity and discipline, and the necessity of strategic foresight in the heat of battle, situating his observations within the broader context of classical military thought. Xenophon was not only a historian but also a soldier who participated in various military campaigns, most notably the Persian expedition. His experiences in the field deeply inform his writings, granting authenticity and authority to his perspective on military theory and practice. As a student of Socrates, his philosophical background influences his exploration of leadership ethics, making "The Cavalry General" as much a treatise on moral conduct as it is a tactical guide. Recommended for military historians, strategists, and philosophy enthusiasts alike, "The Cavalry General" remains an essential text for understanding the art of cavalry in ancient warfare. Xenophons insights offer timeless lessons for contemporary leadership and strategy, making this work relevant to modern readers seeking wisdom from the past.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A succinct Introduction situates the works timeless appeal and themes.- The Synopsis outlines the central plot, highlighting key developments without spoiling critical twists.- A detailed Historical Context immerses you in the eras events and influences that shaped the writing.- An Author Biography reveals milestones in the authors life, illuminating the personal insights behind the text.- A thorough Analysis dissects symbols, motifs, and character arcs to unearth underlying meanings.- Reflection questions prompt you to engage personally with the works messages, connecting them to modern life.- Handpicked Memorable Quotes shine a spotlight on moments of literary brilliance.- Interactive footnotes clarify unusual references, historical allusions, and archaic phrases for an effortless, more informed read.

In "The First Four Books of Xenophons Anabasis," the author chronicles his remarkable journey through hostile territories as part of the Greek mercenary army known as the Ten Thousand. Written with a clear and engaging prose style, the text combines elements of adventure narrative, military manual, and philosophical reflection, operating within the broader context of Greek historiography. Xenophon employs a first-person narrative voice that exemplifies both his meticulous attention to detail and his skillful portrayal of the struggles and triumphs faced by his fellow soldiers, enriched with vivid descriptions of landscapes and encounters. This intriguing blend of personal experience and broader historical events provides readers with unique insights into the complexity of leadership, loyalty, and resilience in a time of turmoil. Xenophon, a student of Socrates, was not only a soldier but also a historian and philosopher, offering a rich background that informed his writing. His firsthand experiences of the perilous retreat from Persia sought to examine not only the external conflicts but also the inner moral dilemmas of leaders and warriors. These perspectives reflect the philosophical values of his era, emphasizing both practical wisdom and ethical considerations in times of crisis. I highly recommend this seminal work for both historiographers and casual readers alike, as it not only serves as a gripping tale of survival and camaraderie but also as a foundational text for understanding themes of leadership and the human condition in ancient warfare. The insight provided by Xenophon is timeless, inviting readers to reflect on their own experiences while immersing themselves in the captivating narrative of his journey.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A succinct Introduction situates the works timeless appeal and themes.- The Synopsis outlines the central plot, highlighting key developments without spoiling critical twists.- A detailed Historical Context immerses you in the eras events and influences that shaped the writing.- An Author Biography reveals milestones in the authors life, illuminating the personal insights behind the text.- A thorough Analysis dissects symbols, motifs, and character arcs to unearth underlying meanings.- Reflection questions prompt you to engage personally with the works messages, connecting them to modern life.- Handpicked Memorable Quotes shine a spotlight on moments of literary brilliance.- Interactive footnotes clarify unusual references, historical allusions, and archaic phrases for an effortless, more informed read.

In Agesilaus, Xenophon offers a compelling portrayal of the Spartan king Agesilaus II, weaving together a narrative that balances historical biography with moral philosophy. Written in a concise and elegant style, the text illuminates the complexities of leadership, virtue, and the responsibilities that come with power. Set against the backdrop of the Peloponnesian War and the shifting dynamics of ancient Greek politics, Xenophons work grapples with the ideals of excellence in governance and the ethical dilemmas faced by rulers, employing a tone that is both reflective and instructive. Xenophon, a student of Socrates and an experienced soldier, drew upon his extensive observations of Greek political life and military strategy to craft this biography. His experiences in the Persian expeditions and the complexities of the Athenian and Spartan conflicts instilled in him a profound understanding of leadership and the personal qualities that define a great ruler. His admiration for Agesilaus highlights his existential belief in the fusion of virtue and power, rooted deeply in the philosophical tradition of his time. For readers interested in political theory, ethics, and isomorphic explorations of leadership, Agesilaus is an essential read. It not only provides insight into one of Spartas most illustrious leaders but also serves as a timeless reflection on the character and responsibilities of those who wield power. This text is indispensable for scholars and enthusiasts of ancient history, as well as anyone contemplating the nuances of effective leadership.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A succinct Introduction situates the works timeless appeal and themes.- The Synopsis outlines the central plot, highlighting key developments without spoiling critical twists.- A detailed Historical Context immerses you in the eras events and influences that shaped the writing.- An Author Biography reveals milestones in the authors life, illuminating the personal insights behind the text.- A thorough Analysis dissects symbols, motifs, and character arcs to unearth underlying meanings.- Reflection questions prompt you to engage personally with the works messages, connecting them to modern life.- Handpicked Memorable Quotes shine a spotlight on moments of literary brilliance.- Interactive footnotes clarify unusual references, historical allusions, and archaic phrases for an effortless, more informed read.

Xenophons "Hellenica" serves as a crucial historical narrative detailing the events of Greek history from the end of Thucydides account, specifically the years following the Peloponnesian War up to the restoration of the oligarchy in 403 BC. This work is characterized by its clear, straightforward prose and a strong sense of personal observation, reflecting both the turmoil and resilience of Greek city-states during a transformative era. By weaving together military accounts, political dynamics, and character sketches of influential figures, Xenophon provides a unique lens through which to view the complexities of Greek society and its philosophical underpinnings. Xenophon, an Athenian historian, soldier, and student of Socrates, was profoundly influenced by his backgroundsboth in philosophy and military experience. His works not only reflect his personal philosophies but also an idealized vision of leadership and governance, shaped by his upbringing and experiences during the turbulent times of the late 5th century BC. Through "Hellenica," he elucidates the themes of ethics and power, often paralleling his reflections on Socratic thought with the realities of Athenian life. For readers interested in understanding the intricacies of ancient Greece, "Hellenica" is indispensable. It provides not only a historical account but also a philosophical exploration that resonates through centuries. Scholars of history and lovers of classical literature alike will find Xenophons insights compelling, making this text a vital addition to any serious study of Greek philosophy and history.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A succinct Introduction situates the works timeless appeal and themes.- The Synopsis outlines the central plot, highlighting key developments without spoiling critical twists.- A detailed Historical Context immerses you in the eras events and influences that shaped the writing.- An Author Biography reveals milestones in the authors life, illuminating the personal insights behind the text.- A thorough Analysis dissects symbols, motifs, and character arcs to unearth underlying meanings.- Reflection questions prompt you to engage personally with the works messages, connecting them to modern life.- Handpicked Memorable Quotes shine a spotlight on moments of literary brilliance.- Interactive footnotes clarify unusual references, historical allusions, and archaic phrases for an effortless, more informed read.

Xenophons "Anabasis" is a seminal work of ancient literature that chronicles the extraordinary journey of Greek mercenaries, known as the Ten Thousand, as they attempt to return home after a failed expedition in Persia. Written in a straightforward yet engaging style, this firsthand account captures not only the treacherous landscapes and formidable enemies they faced but also the internal dynamics and struggles of the soldiers themselves. The narrative combines elements of adventure and philosophy, reflecting the historical context of the late 5th century BCE when the Greek city-states experienced profound political turbulence and shifting allegiances. Xenophon, a soldier, historian, and student of Socrates, wrote "Anabasis" during his own military service, expressing his deep understanding of leadership and human resilience. His unique position as both a participant and an observer allowed him to provide penetrating insights into the nature of courage and the complexities of soldiering, as well as the cultural contrasts between Greeks and Persians. His engagement with Socratic philosophy is evident in the moral reflections interspersed throughout the narrative, enhancing its depth. For readers interested in the intersection of history, adventure, and philosophy, XenophonAos "Anabasis" is essential. Its vivid portrayal of loyalty, survival, and the pursuit of home provides timeless lessons about the human condition. This work not only serves as an exhilarating adventure narrative but also as a profound commentary on leadership and the quest for identity amidst chaos.

e-artnow presents to you this meticulously edited collection of Xenophons historical works, formatted to the highest digital standards and adjusted for readability on all devices.Content:AnabasisCyropaediaHellenicaAgesilausPolity of the LacedaemoniansPolity of the AtheniansAnabasis is Xenophons most famous book. The seven-tome book of the Anabasis describes The March of the Ten Thousand and their return to Greece. Xenophon accompanied the Ten Thousand, a large army of Greek mercenaries hired by Cyrus the Younger, who intended to seize the throne of Persia from his brother, Artaxerxes II. The narration of the journey is Xenophons best known work, and "one of the great adventures in human history".Hellenica is one of the most important primary sources for the History of the Peloponnesian War and the wars aftermath. Many consider this a very personal work, written by Xenophon in retirement on his Spartan estate, intended primarily for circulation among his friends, for people who knew the main protagonists and events, often because they had participated in them. It covers the events in Greece from 411 to 362 BC, and is considered to be the continuation of the History of the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides.Cyropaedia is a biography of Cyrus the Great, the founder of Achaemenid Empire and the first Persian Empire. It is "a political romance, describing the education of the ideal ruler, trained to rule as a benevolent despot over his admiring and willing subjects." Aspects of it would become a model for medieval writers of the genre known as mirrors for princes. In turn it was a strong influence upon the most well-known but atypical of these, Machiavellis The Prince.

Hellenica is one of the most important primary sources for the History of the Peloponnesian War and the wars aftermath. Many consider this a very personal work, written by Xenophon in retirement on his Spartan estate, intended primarily for circulation among his friends, for people who knew the main protagonists and events, often because they had participated in them. It covers the events in Greece from 411 to 362 BC, and is considered to be the continuation of the History of the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides.

Anabasis is Xenophons most famous book. The seven-tome book of the Anabasis describes The March of the Ten Thousand and their return to Greece. Xenophon accompanied the Ten Thousand, a large army of Greek mercenaries hired by Cyrus the Younger, who intended to seize the throne of Persia from his brother, Artaxerxes II. The narration of the journey is Xenophons best known work, and "one of the great adventures in human history".

Xenophon the Athenian was born 431 B.C. He was a pupil of Socrates. He marched with the Spartans, and was exiled from Athens. Sparta gave him land and property in Scillus, where he lived for many years before having to move once more, to settle in Corinth. He died in 354 B.C.The Hellenica is his chronicle of the history of the Hellenes from 411 to 359 B.C., starting as a continuation of Thucydides, and becoming his own brand of work from Book III onwards.

1. Of Darius and Parysatis were born two sons, the elder Artaxerxes, and the younger Cyrus. After Darius had fallen sick, and suspected that the end of his life was approaching, he was desirous that both of his sons should attend him.2. The elder then happened to be present; Cyrus he sent for from the province of which he had made him satrap. He had also appointed him commander of all the forces that muster in the plain of Castolus.Cyrus accordingly went up, taking with him Tissaphernes as a friend, and having also with him three hundred heavy-armed Greeks, and Xenias of Parrhasia, their captain.3. But when Darius was dead, and Artaxerxes was placed upon the throne, Tissaphernes brought an accusation against Cyrus before his brother, saying that he was plotting against him. Artaxerxes was induced to give credit to it, and had Cyrus arrested, with the intention of putting him to death; but his mother, having begged his life, sent him back to his province.

Editor: David Widger

Translator: John Selby Watson