On a monetary basis, Magdala must be considered as one of the most important and active settlements between the 1st century BC and most of the 3rd century AD on Lake Kinneret, a place of production and trade, of supply for military forces, certainly in contact with other trading centres, probably located on the Mediterranean coast, however in a market perspective quite different from our current experience and even from the semantic content of this word, often abused with a semantic extension that does not correspond to the experience of the ancients. Its monetary decline started on the early 4th century, when the economic and monetary strategies of the Constantinian era shifted the flow of money to other routes, especially between the great port cities of the Mediterranean.The welcome contribution of Calleghers study derives from the new data published, which allows us to overcome "cliches" and a stereotypical view of both the archaeological site and the economy of the Upper Galilee.

The Qumran coins (hoard and single finds) are worthy of a novel. They were perfectly examined by H. Seyrig and A. Spijkerman, then the popular conviction spread that the coins had been lost. In fact, they were always kept where they had been classified. Now they are finally published and provide the possibility to suggest that Qumran was a very open centre for trade and transactions, at least from finally the end of the second century BC until the destruction of the site in 70/72 CE.This documentation provides a new reasoning on effective data not on assumptions.

Inhalt:Martina Aprile: A study on the procurement of offerings system for the funerary complex of Senwosret II at el-LahunAlessio Delli Castelli: The Definition of Art and Sculpture Concerning Kai Widmaiers BilderweltenAbraham I. Fernandez Pichel, David Klotz: Fundamental Texts of Latopolitan Theology. The Bandeau Inscriptions from the Soubassements of the Ptolemaic Façade (Esna II, 16 and 30)Brendan Hainline: Markers of Non-Royal Ritual Utterances in the Pyramid TextsSabine Herrmann: "Cette pyramide est batie en forme de pavillon". Zur Entdeckungsgeschichte der Pyramiden von Dahshur in Mittelalter und Fruher NeuzeitJochem Kahl, Mohamed Abdelrahiem, Anna Arpaia, Andrea Kilian, Chiori Kitagawa, Jan Moje, Philipp Scharfenberger: The Asyut Project: Sixteenth Season of Fieldwork (2022)Florence Langermann: Seven Fragments of a Healing Statue from Heliopolis/MatareyaBieke Mahieu: The Identification and Sequence of the Hyksos Kings in Dynasty 15Mostafa Hassan Nour, John M. Iskander, Sameh Hashem: The Stela of King Apries from El-Qantara Gharb. A Royal Journey to the Eastern BordersAnthony Spalinger: Chariot Wheels

Inhalt:- Hartwig Altenmuller: Neues zu den Schutzsymbolen der magischen Ziegel von Totenbuch Spruch 151- Marianne Eaton-Krauss: The Mamur Zapt Mystery Series with a postscript on Gaston Masperos acquaintance with Ibrahim Nasif al-Wardani, the assassin of Boutros Ghali- Mohamed El Seaidy: The Anthropoid Coffin of Wennefer. A study of a sample from the Saqqara hoard of coffins- Mahmoud A. Emam, Ehab Abd el-Zaher: Head of Statue (JE 91392) for a Vizier from the Temple of Behbeit el-Hagar- Rolf Krauss: The morning star of PT and CT on the move, up or down the arcs of the ecliptic- Elisabeth Kruck: Die Uberlieferung der sieben Salbole als Beispiel epistemischer Beschleunigung- Kacper Laube: The Sacred Landscape of Leontopolis (Tell el-Moqdam) in an Unpublished Manuscript of Auguste Mariette- Alexandra von Lieven: Eine bisher unerkannte bildliche Umsetzung des Menuliedes in Dendara- Elena Mahlich, Christoffer Theis: Ein agyptischer Siegelabdruck aus Tunesien- Morales, Antonio J. et al.: The Middle Kingdom Theban Project: Preliminary report on the University of Alcala Expedition to Deir el-Bahari (Fifth-Sixth Seasons & Study Season 20202021)- Hana Navratilova, Aurore Motte: A pyramid casing stone with the opening passage of Kemyt, Dahshur, pyramid precinct of Senwosret III- Rune Nyord: From crypt to cult: Pyramid Texts on Middle Kingdom mortuary stelae- Wahid Omran: Akhmim in Durham: Investigating the Mummy Coffin DUROM.1999.32- Julian Posch: Some interesting copies of the Kemit- Carolina Teotino: Die Horussohne als Gabenbringer. Zur Uberlieferung und Texttradierung auf Sarkophagen der ptolemaischen Epoche- Andreas Winkler: The First Zodiac Sign and the Daimon: The Advent of an Astrological Tradition and Seven Elaborate Horoscopes

InhaltNiv Allon: Finding a Voice in a Hymn to Ramesses IX (MMA 59.51a, b)Islam Amer: Three Blocks of the King Ramesses III from Tell Atrib (Benha)Daniel Arpagaus: In Summe 27 Millionen Aruren. Die Groe Agyptens gema dem Tempel von Edfu und dem Tebtunis-OnomastikonRomane Betbeze: Survival of the grandest (tomb)? Addressing the passer-by in Seshemnefers (IV) complex at GizaSalvador Costa-Llerda: A new iconographic interpretation of a scene of Osorkon II at BubastisEva-Maria Engel: The Early Dynastic NeithAdam Fagbore: Defining Selective Archaism in Royal Funerary Architecture: The Cenotaph of Ahmose I at South AbydosMartin Fitzenreiter: Ehrenwerte Topfe und ihre Potenzen. Zu QrH.t Sps in den Choiak-Inschriften und anderswoJudith Jurjens: Corrections on Ostraca: A Look into an Ancient Egyptian Scribal PracticeJochem Kahl / Mahmoud El-Hamrawi / Ursula Verhoeven / Anja Buhlke / Judit Garzon Rodriguez / Eva Gervers / Andrea Kilian / Monika Zoller-Engelhardt:The Asyut Project: Fourteenth and Fifteenth Season of Fieldwork (20182019)Anne Landborg: Holy C**p: On the Origin of Faeces in the Egyptian AfterlifeLudwig Morenz: "Meieliger" als spezifisches Epitheton eines staatsmannischen Handwerkers/ Kunstlers? Spezifische Konigsideologie im Namen des Horus(-Konigs) Nar-meherSameh Shafik: Baqet I and the earliest Middle Kingdom offering list at Beni HassanJulie Stauder-Porchet: Werre: a Royal Inscription of the Early Fifth DynastyFilip Taterka: The Flight of King Ptolemy X Alexander I to the Land of Punt

Einzigartige Einblicke in die Lebenswelt einer lange vergangenen Zeit Der zweite Band des Grabungsberichts prasentiert Funde aus den Strata 25-17 von Tall Zira, die die Besiedlung des Tells zwischen der fruhen Bronzezeit II/III und der mittleren Bronzezeit IIB dokumentieren. Ein Erdrutsch hatte in der Zeit von Stratum 16 (vor 1500 v.Chr.) den westlichen Bereich der Siedlung zerstort; ein etwa 120 m2 groes Gebiet im Zentrum von Areal I war davon jedoch nicht betroffen, so dass bedeutende architektonische Zeugnisse aus jener Zeit ausgegraben werden konnten. Funde aus der fruhen und mittleren Bronzezeit

In this volume, the key monuments that form the Theatral Complex, including the Theatral Circle, the Fieldstone Building with its masonry style plaster interior, the marble Doric hexastyle Dedication of Philip III and Alexander IV, the elegant Ionic Porch later attached to the western side of the Dedication, and the remains of dozens of bronze statues that originally framed the Theatral Circle, are presented in their archaeological, architectural, and historical contexts. The potential significance of the Complex within the mystery cult, both as the place that initially gave shape to the group of pilgrims undergoing initiation, and as the place where new initiates ultimately departed the Sanctuary, accords the Theatral Complex on the Eastern Hill a central place in the history of ancient Greek sacred space. Actual-state and reconstruction drawings; photographs; and a catalogue of the small finds, including pottery, lamps, terracotta figurines, coins, metal objects, inscriptions, stone objects, and glass, accompany the text.

Of all the enormous monuments throughout Egypt and Nubia that Ramesses II (the Great; ca. 1279-1212 BCE) left behind, his temple at Abydos, built early in his reign, stands as one of his most elegant, with its simple architectural layout and dramatic and graceful painted relief scenes. Though best known for its dramatic reliefs depicting the battle of Kadesh, the temple also offers a wealth of information about religious and social life in ancient Egypt. It reflects, for example, the strenuous efforts of the early Ramessides to reestablish the Osiris cult in Egypt-and particularly at Abydos-in the aftermath of the Amarna period. Building on the comprehensive photographic and epigraphic documentation of the temple presented in The Temple of Ramesses II at Abydos volumes 1 (Wall Scenes) and 2 (Pillars, Niches, and Miscellanea), volume 3 (Architectural and Inscriptional Features) offers a detailed analysis of the overall architectural layout and decorative program of the temple and its symbolism. This discussion approaches the religious history of the site through its archaeology, its inscriptions-both planned and secondary (graffiti)-and its situation in the complex religious landscape of Abydos. Of particular interest are the temples role as a staging point for the great Osiris Festival and its procession, among the most important of all ritual events in the Egyptian religious calendar during the Ramesside period; the promotion of an active, unbound form of Osiris; and the evidence for important cult activities that took place on the rooftop of the temple, the presence of which is documented today by the staircase that accessed it from Court B.

A century ago, Charles Leonard Woolley directed the first excavations at Amarna site M50.14-16, identifying it as a workshop for glass and faience. However, the archaeological record and its publication in The City of Akhenaten I were somewhat superficial. New excavations conducted by the Amarna Project in 2014 and 2017 yielded extensive evidence of glass-, faience-, stone-, and metalworking, reaffirming the sites role as a workshop. These investigations also illuminated its domestic character, uncovering valuable data on houses and other structural remains. This volume presents a near-complete record of the site, offering a comprehensive archaeological and architectural evaluation alongside in-depth analyses of material culture, including archaeobotany, charcoal, animal bones, ceramics, and other artefacts. The individual chapters reconstruct the chaines operatoires of various craft production activities. Additionally, the organisation of production and the concept of cross-craft interaction are explored, as the site is situated within the broader industrial network of Amarna. This volume furthermore provides an in-depth examination of the inhabitants roles and daily lives, enriching our understanding of this significant site.

Rhyta are among the most appealing yet enigmatic classes of artefacts from the Aegean Bronze Age. They were produced in a wide range of forms and media with a consistently high degree of craftsmanship. This comprehensive study of Bronze Age rhyta from the Aegean builds on nearly a century of discoveries and scholarly contributions, and addresses questions of typology, function, context, and the uses of these vessels. The volume includes a thoroughly illustrated catalogue, an index of sites and the present locations of rhyta.

Situated south of the Dead Sea, near the famous Nabatean capital of Petra, the Faynan region in Jordan contains the largest deposits of copper ore in the southern Levant. The Edom Lowlands Regional Archaeology Project (ELRAP) takes an anthropological-archaeology approach to the deep-time study of culture change in one of the Old Worlds most important locales for studying technological development. Using innovative digital tools for data recording, curation, analyses, and dissemination, the researchers focused on ancient mining and metallurgy as the subject of surveys and excavations related to the Iron Age (ca. 1200-500 BCE), when the first local, historical state-level societies appeared in this part of the eastern Mediterranean basin. This comprehensive and important volume challenges the current scholarly consensus concerning the emergence and historicity of the Iron Age polity of biblical Edom and some of its neighbors, such as ancient Israel. Excavations and radiometric dating establish a new chronology for Edom, adding almost 500 more years to the Iron Age, including key periods of biblical history when David, Solomon, and the Egyptian pharaoh Shoshenq I are alleged to have interacted with Edom. Included is a 7 gigabyte DVD with over 55,000 files of additional data and photographs from the project.

The burial tumulus of Lofkend lies in one of the richest archaeological areas of Albania (ancient "Illyria"), home to a number of burial tumuli spanning the Bronze and Iron Ages of later prehistory. Some were robbed long ago, others were reused for modern burials; few were excavated under scientific conditions. Modern understanding of the pre- and protohistory of Illyria has largely been shaped by the contents of such burial mounds. What inspired the systematic exploration of Lofkend by UCLA was more than the promise of an unplundered necropolis; it was also a chance to revisit the significance of this tumulus and its fellows for the emergence of urbanism and complexity in ancient Illyria. In addition to artifacts, the recovery of surviving plant remains, bones, and other organic material contribute insights into the environmental and ecological history of the region.

This book presents a comprehensive corpus of beads and pendants found during excavations undertaken by the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago between 1960 and 1968 at the Lower Nubian sites of Qustul, Adindan, Serra East, Dorginarti, Ballana, and Kalabsha and stored in the Oriental Institute Museum. This vast, illustrated catalog organizes the finds first chronologically according to the main periods of Nubian history and then by cultural units, beginning with the A-Group and ending with modern times. The present volume-the first of two-comprises beads from Early Nubian (A-Group, Post-A-Group), Middle Nubian (C-Group, Pan Grave, Kerma, Middle Kingdom), and New Kingdom sites. The discussion of each cultural unit begins with background information and develops into a fascinating story of the most characteristic types that form part of that groups identity, though types and materials often cross chronological and regional borders. The story is also one of jewelry fashions and the wealth and long-distance contacts of Lower Nubia, which lay at the crossroads of ancient routes in this part of the world. More specialized information on bead types, ordered by the materials from which the beads were made, is given in the second section of each cultural category. An outline of the preserved beadwork and an anthropological analysis of the remains of the beads owners, together with references to parallels known from relevant literature and museum research, are also provided. The volume concludes with illustrated synoptic and concordance tables that allow the reader to switch easily between catalog, Oriental Institute Museum, and Oriental Institute Nubian Expedition find numbers.

The best-known sites along the length of the Nile Rivers Second Cataract are the ruins of Egyptian towns and fortresses occupied during the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. One of the fortresses in the Second Cataract region, Dorginarti existed in a later era than the better-known Middle and New Kingdom forts. The earliest ceramics found at the site date from the later tenth or early ninth century BC, and those from a later occupation stem from the early eighth century. The latest phase of occupation did not extend far beyond the first phase of Persian dominance in Egypt beginning in the last quarter of the sixth century BC. This volume is the final report of the emergency excavations undertaken at Dorginarti for five months in 1964 by the University of Chicagos Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures as part of the UNESCO Nubian salvage project necessitated by the building of the Aswan High Dam. Following a description of the fortresss landscape and resources, the book describes Dorginartis architecture in detail and then presents the selection of artifacts brought back from the Sudan and stored in the ISAC Museum. The picture that emerges from the archaeological record shows the continuing importance of Lower Nubia after the withdrawal of Egyptian control in the late second millennium BC and before the rise of the Kushite empire in the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty.

This volume describes and illustrates the ceramic figurines excavated at the Maya site of Tikal, Guatemala, from 1956 through 1969. The collection includes both hand modeled and mold-made figures, human and animal, as well as related ceramic objects including figurine molds, flutes, and panpipes. The figurines are classified by subject matter, and the site distribution and dating discussed. These figurines are the largest excavated collection of ceramic figurines from a Maya site, and one of the major artifact categories from the site of Tikal. Most of the classifiable pieces are illustrated at a scale that allows comparison with similar objects from other Maya sites. The purpose of this volume is the presentation of the material from the site of Tikal; comparative material is limited.

This book presents the results of the first systematic archaeological study of Roman peasants. It examines the spaces, architecture, diet, agriculture, market interactions, and movement habitus of non-elite rural dwellers in a region of southern Tuscany, Italy, during the Roman period. Volume 1 presents the excavation data from eight non-elite rural sites including a farm, a peasant house, animal stall/work huts, a ceramics factory, field drains, and a site of uncertain function, here framed as individual chapters complete with finds analysis. Volume 2 examines this data synthetically in thematic chapters addressing land use, agriculture, diet, markets, and movement. The results suggest a different, more sophisticated Roman peasant than heretofore assumed. The data suggests that Roman peasants particularly in the first century BC/AD built specialized sites distributed throughout the landscape to maximize use of diverse land parcels. This has important implications for the interpretation of field survey data, the estimate of rural demographics from that survey, and assumptions about the long-term changes to human settlement. It also points to an important moment of agricultural intensification in this period, a contention beginning to be supported by other studies. The project also identified sophisticated systems of land use, including crop rotation and an important investment in animal agriculture. This work presents the first systematic data from Roman Italy for rural consumption, tracking the fine wares made at a production site to local sites nearby. This supports the largely theoretical problematizing of the so-called consumer city model and suggests the potential importance of rural aggregate demand. Movement studies, based on finds from the sites themselves, describe a more mobile population than anticipated, engaged in quotidian and long-distance movement patterns, supported by the small but steady stream of imports and exports into and out of this seemingly liminal region. The book concludes by addressing the implications of this new data for major questions in Roman social and economic history.

This volume presents funerary and domestic remains from the Late Helladic (LH) period at the settlement of Lerna, an important prehistoric site on the Gulf of Argos excavated by the ASCSA in the 1950s. Most of the material derives from the fill of two disturbed shaft graves from the later half of the LH I period, whose large ceramic and faunal assemblages are complemented by finds from an additional nine graves and domestic remains. Stratigraphic analysis of the shaft graves and surrounding remains contextualize the ceramics and miscellaneous objects recorded in the accompanying catalogues. Analysis of the pottery establishes a clear subdivision of LH I table ware into two phases and suggests a close relationship between kin groups at Lerna and at Kolonna on Aigina. Contributions by Sturt Manning on radiocarbon dating of the shaft grave fills, Ian Whitbread and Hans Mommsen on petrographic and chemical analysis of the pottery, and David S. Reese on the faunal remains shed further light on this important material. The combined evidence suggests that Lerna was continually settled throughout the LH I period, with decline in the early LH IIA period and abandonment in the LH IIB period. While publication of intact monumental tombs often focuses on the elite occupants and their precious grave goods, the value of the Lerna shaft graves lies in what they reveal about the hundreds of living participants in the funerary rituals

The Proceedings of the 14th International Conference for Nubian Studies are published in the research journal Kush for its 20th issue. Sixty articles are presenting the advances of international research on Middle Nile Valley archaeology and highlighting the richness and importance of Sudanese sites along the different phases of its Prehistory and History i.e. kingdoms of Kush (Kerma, Napata, Meroe), Medieval, Post-Medieval and Modern Periods. The eighty authors are coming from different disciplines: archaeology, linguistic, bio-anthropology, museum studies, etc. Their contributions are showing the nowadays implication of research in site management, cultural heritage and museums, especially in the frame of the bilateral programme Qatar Sudan Archaeological Programme.

Located on the shore of the Gulf of Argos, Lerna is one of the most important prehistoric sites in Greece, having been occupied with few interruptions over a period of some 5,000 years, from the 6th to the 1st millennium B.C. Following excavations under the direction of Professor J. Caskey from 1952 to 1958, the well-preserved, deeply stratified record resulted in Lerna becoming the undisputed "typesite" and master sequence for the Early and Middle Bronze Ages on the southern Greek mainland. However, the Middle Bronze Age settlement and material have never been comprehensively published. This volume presents a catalogue of the Middle Helladic ceramic material and an analysis of the material in terms of shape, decoration, and fabric with the objective of elucidating the changing patterns of ceramic production and consumption at a key mainland site.

Animals, Ancestors, and Ritual in Early Bronze Age Syria: An Elite Mortuary Complex from Umm el-Marra, edited by Johns Hopkins professor Glenn M. Schwartz, is a final report of the excavation of Tell Umm el-Marra in northern Syria, conducted in 1994-2010. It is likely the site of ancient Tuba, capital of a small kingdom in the Early and Middle Bronze periods, in the Jabbul plain between Aleppo and northern Mesopotamia. Its study advances our understanding of early Syrian complex society beyond the big cities of Antiquity. Of particular importance in the Early Bronze excavations are the results from the site necropolis, tombs of high-ranking persons containing objects of gold, silver, and lapis lazuli. Separate installations hold kungas (donkey x onager hybrids), sometimes along with human infants. This site provides the first archaeological attestation of the kunga equids, unique in the archaeology of third-millennium Syria and Mesopotamia.