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The Risorgimento, the period of nation-state formation, has always had particular significance not only in the historiography of Italy but also for the transnational and comparative history of the founding of nation-states. Gabriele Clemens presents a new, up-to-date and well-founded overview of the history of the Risorgimento. Her account covers an entire century of Italian history, beginning around 1770, before the French Revolution, and ending in 1870 with the conquest of Rome by the troops of the burgeoning nation state. This balanced and highly readable account combines the perspective of political cultural history with an economic and social historical approach. At the same time, it offers new interpretations, for example on the roles played by the nobility and the bourgeoisie. It questions the established claim that the masses were mobilized by means of art, music and literature and critically analyses the significance of Garibaldi, the man and the myth. The path to the nation state is described as the work of a state-supporting elite that acts consistently in transnational networks.

Qiu Guangming, the author of this book, is a researcher on the measuring and weighing systems in China for more thirty years. he has been collecting historical data and examining actual objects, which resulted in in numerous research papers and books. This books examines these systems she has researched.

Qiu Guangming, the author of this book, is a researcher on the measuring and weighing systems in China for more thirty years. he has been collecting historical data and examining actual objects, which resulted in in numerous research papers and books. This books examines these systems she has researched.

Data spanning the Archaic to Early Postclassic are presented, with particular analytical focus given to the end of the Early Classic through the Late and Terminal Classic and the geopolitical tumult that defined this period. Cast in the framework of political ecology, together these studies not only shed light on specific class histories of the region. They also advance a theory for understanding the contributions of non-elites to political growth and change over time. Classic Maya Political Ecology opens a window into pre-Columbian political processes grounded in environmental productivity and a mutual interdependence that defined class relations in northwestern Belize. This volume also outlines a theoretical approach that defines commoners and elites alike as political actors, people who contributed to the long term success and adaptability of local and regional political communities and the networks that sustained them.

El 7 de junio de 1640, día de Corpus Christi, Barcelona fue escenario de una revuelta popular que acabó con la vida de varios ministros de Felipe IV. Entre las víctimas se encontraba el virrey de Cataluña, el conde de Santa Coloma. Aquel magnicidio fue el precedente de una guerra de doce años que enfrento a las tropas españolas contra los rebeldes catalanes y sus aliados franceses. Una conflagracion en la que las imprentas de ambos bandos tuvieron un protagonismo hasta entonces nunca visto y en la que la persuasion mediante las palabras configuro una estrategia mas de la contienda. Quien habia asesinado al virrey fue una de las preguntas que muchos de los escritos difundidos durante la guerra trataron de responder.A partir del estudio de un amplio elenco de fuentes impresas y manuscritas de mediados del siglo XVII, este libro ofrece un analisis pormenorizado de la lucha que se desencadeno en la Monarquia de España durante la decada de 1640 por controlar la representacion de aquella insurreccion popular. Un minucioso analisis de los procesos de escritura con el que el autor explora como se articularon los relatos de violencia en un contexto de gran radicalizacion y polarizacion politicas. Con un fuerte caracter interdisciplinar, esta original investigacion sobre la revuelta catalana de 1640 ofrece una mirada renovada acerca de la relacion entre poder, memoria y violencia en la España de los Austrias.

This volume represents the product of 25 years of study conducted by the Pylos Regional Archaeological Project, a multidisciplinary, diachronic archaeological expedition formally organized in 1990 to investigate the history of prehistoric and historic settlement in western Messenia in Greece. An introduction, setting the project in context, and an extensive gazetteer of sites precede a collection of eight previously published articles, which appeared in Hesperia, the journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, between 1997 and 2010. Taken together, these contributions document a comprehensive methodological approach by an archaeological project that was one of the first to incorporate new technologies such as digital mapping tools and online databases. The results of such a long-term and multifaceted research program illuminate the shifting relationships between humans, their landscapes, and historical forces, both local and distant. The Pylos Regional Archaeological Project: A Retrospective provides an invaluable resource not only for those interested in the history and development of southwestern Greece but also for researchers interested in exploring the full range of methodological approaches to archaeological survey.

Archaeologists are increasingly recognizing the early Pueblo period as a major social and demographic transition in Southwest history. In Crucible of Pueblos: The Early Pueblo Period in the Northern Southwest, Richard Wilshusen, Gregson Schachner and James Allison present the first comprehensive summary of population growth and migration, the materialization of early villages, cultural diversity, relations of social power, and the emergence of early great houses during the early Pueblo period. Six chapters address these developments in the major regions of the northern Southwest and four synthetic chapters then examine early Pueblo material culture to explore social identity, power, and gender from a variety of perspectives. Taken as a whole, this thoughtfully edited volume compares the rise of villages during the early Pueblo period to similar processes in other parts of the Southwest and examines how the study of the early Pueblo period contributes to an anthropological understanding of Southwest history and early farming societies throughout the world.

Dreams and nightmares have long puzzled and fascinated, yet this is the first book to explore such visions in the Ancient Egyptian world. The author traces the evidence from the first half of Egypts long history, the Old Kingdom through the New Kingdom, a time-span of over 1,000 years. The book is arranged thematically, with chapters devoted to the literary use of dreams, to the political use of divine visions, to the technology used to ward away terrorizing nightmares. It also explores the Ramesside Dream Book, a unique text that reveals the desires and anxieties that could inspire an Egyptians dreams, with images of sex and power, of gods and the dead. All the relevant passages are conveniently translated in an appendix.

Este é um livro de enfrentamento direto, que desafia sem inibições as lacunas e, principalmente, o romantismo negligente com que tem sido tratada a história da América Latina. O autor se propõe a gar

A flor de cuerpo reúne ensayos sobre las representaciones del género y de las disidencias sexo-genéricas en Latinoamérica en el campo cultural (literatura, cine, cómic, teatro, música, fanzines, artes y artivismos) y los movimientos sociales. Pretende hacerse desde el Sur y para el Sur, a la vez que alimenta los tambien necesarios dialogos Sur-Norte y Norte-Sur. Las investigaciones abordan el trabajo de artistas y activistas latinoamericanxs queer, feministas y/o antirracistas como una comunidad transnacional y heterogenea. El libro, con un enfoque interseccional, pretende visibilizar las condiciones concretas en las que viven las mujeres y la disidencia sexo-generica en Latinoamerica, discutir sus multiples estrategias de resistencia y sus contradiscursos para eludir los mecanismos de opresion especificos de la region, resultantes de una mezcla de fuerzas alli presentes: el efecto prolongado de la colonialidad (del poder, del saber y del genero) y el racismo subyacente, estructuras patriarcales locales, antiguas o inventadas, o aun las diversas mezclas culturales que, a lo largo del tiempo, produjeron dinamicas propias irrepetibles en otras partes del mundo.

En la última década, el volumen de la población china en España se ha duplicado. El hecho de que haya cada vez más migrantes chinos en el país advierte de la necesidad de conocer un poco más de cerca esta comunidad. Durante los ultimos años la globalizacion acelerada ha llevado consigo dos consecuencias evidentes: por un lado, el flujo frecuente de personas, financiamiento e informacion y, por otro, la coexistencia cada dia mas evidente de diferentes culturas en el ambito local.Merced a los avances tecnologicos, los medios de comunicacion se expanden en la vida cotidiana. Entre los rasgos mas relevantes de esta era destaca el fenomeno de la mediatizacion, que nos lleva a preguntarnos como ha afectado la evolucion de los dispositivos mediaticos a las costumbres y convenciones de uso de los medios y como se integran en la vida cotidiana de sus usuarios. Este atractivo e innovador estudio articula ambos temas: los migrantes chinos y la experiencia mediatizada.Los migrantes chinos, que realizan diversas formas de hibridacion de las culturas de su pais de origen y del pais de acogida, brindan un ejemplo de la relacion entre el uso de los medios y la construccion de la identidad en una poblacion particular. Se estudia aqui como intervienen los medios en la formacion de los estigmas, las fracturas y las emociones que les unen y separan entre si y con "los otros", los españoles, estimulandoles a adoptar diversas estrategias para la construccion de su identidad.

La "mezcla" entre población de ascendencia indígena, africana, europea y asiática ha sido un elemento importante en la formación de las sociedades latinoamericanas. Este proceso histórico se ha denominado comunmente mestizaje. Hay una enorme variedad en la importancia que se le ha asignado en los diversos paises, desde la exaltacion de la "raza cosmica" en Mexico pasando por el silenciamiento de la ascendencia indigena en Argentina y Brasil, y una tendencia general de ocultar la herencia africana en Hispanoamerica. Este libro traza las sendas del mestizaje en una variedad de paises desde el siglo XVI hasta el XIX con enfasis en la epoca colonial. Se centra en la "mezcla" y las relaciones entre personas de diferentes grupos y categorias desde el seno de la familia, acentuando la cuestion del honor e integrando tambien aspectos legales, fiscales, demograficos y economicos. La obra supone un ambicioso esfuerzo de reflexion polifonica de investigadores americanos y europeos, tanto jovenes como experimentados.

"Masterly A fascinating tour dhorizon of the Edwardian political scene. This must be a definitive account." Professor Jane Ridley, author of George V: Never a Dull Moment"A tour de force, sympathetic in its treatment of the subject, eminently wise in its judgement and invariably fair in its verdicts. It purrs along like a Rolls-Royce engine." Professor T. G. Otte, author of Statesman of Europe: A Life of Sir Edward Grey"This brilliant book from Britains most important constitutional historian upends the orthodoxy about the decadent Edwardians. A masterpiece of intelligent history, both forceful and subtle, which transforms how we view not just those most complex Edwardians but also our own equally complex times." Professor Richard Aldous, author of The Lion and the Unicorn: Gladstone vs Disraeli"Brilliant. Instantly the leading history of this turbulent and critical period in Britains transition towards a modern democracy." Professor Robert Blackburn, Kings College London"Vernon Bogdanor has the habit of unearthing gems that have been missed by others. He does it again in this magisterial work on post-Gladstonian Britain by challenging some of the long-established myths about this period that deserve to be cast aside." Professor Malcolm Murfett, Kings College London"Professor Bogdanor argues with conviction and sometimes passion but always with judiciousness and in the light of deep reflection. The result is a masterly work which speaks to the politics of our own time." Alvin Jackson, Richard Lodge Professor of History, University of Edinburgh"An extraordinary exploration of a political world whose dynamics continue to shape the future of liberal constitutionalism." Bruce Ackerman, Sterling Professor of Law and Political Science, Yale University"Crisp, authoritative and lucid." Nicholas Owen, associate professor of politics, University of OxfordThe turbulent years of 1895 to 1914 changed Britains political landscape for ever. They saw a transition from aristocratic rule to mass politics and heralded a new agenda which still dominates today. The issues of the period economic modernisation, social welfare and equality, secondary and technical education, a new role for Britain in the world were complex and difficult. Indeed, they proved so thorny that despite the efforts of the Edwardians they remain among the most pressing problems we face in the twenty-first century.The period has often been seen as one of decadence, of the strange death of liberal Britain. In contrast, Vernon Bogdanor believes that the robustness of Britains parliamentary and political institutions and her liberal political culture, with the commitment to rational debate and argument, were powerful enough to carry her through one of the most trying periods of her history and so make possible the remarkable survival of liberal Britain.In this wide-ranging and sometimes controversial survey, one of our pre-eminent political historians dispels the popular myths that have grown up about this critical period in Britains story and argues that it set the scene for much that is laudable about our nation today.

Years of Turbulence powerfully showcases many new perspectives on the Irish revolutionary period of 1912-23, through the vivid and provocative scholarship of leading and emerging historians. The contributors to this fascinating collection not only focus on new angles, they also revisit traditional assumptions, and elaborate on some of the central, current debates on the revolutionary period. Many muted voices of the revolution are given a platform for the first time in these pages. The collection demonstrates a determination to uncover personal experiences and protests that until now have remained relatively undocumented and ignored. Such themes as the experience of violence in its various forms, the specific circumstances of individual counties, tensions between constitutionalism and radicalism, between elites and the grassroots, the extent to which the IRAs campaign was effectively co-ordinated and controlled, as well as the challenge of writing about women and what they experienced, are deeply considered.Historians in this collection also recognise the need to address, not just events of the revolutionary period, but its afterlife, assessing what the revolution and its leaders came to symbolise, the extent to which a hierarchy of benefit existed in its aftermath, and what the implications were for survivors.Making use of a variety of recently released archival material - including censuses of Ireland of 1901 and 1911, the Bureau of Military History collection, the Military Archives and Service Pensions Collection - Years of Turbulence reveals a fascinating web of different experiences during the revolutionary era and is a fitting contribution, not only to the pioneering scholarship of renowned historian Michael Laffan, who this collection honours, but also to the current decade of commemoration of the centenary of the revolution. The book is richly illustrated with rare images of the period from the Des FitzGerald collection.

This book provides the first detailed account of the course of Scottish politics in the reign of Charles II. It focuses on the years from 1667 to 1673, when, for the only time in the Restoration era, Scottish political leaders were able to make policy for Scotland with minimal interference from London and with Scottish interests chiefly in mind. The key players were the secretary of state, John Maitland, who was earl of Lauderdale and resident at court, and his chief agent in Edinburgh, John Hay, earl of Tweeddale, his first cousin, who became his dearest brother when Tweeddales son married Lauderdales daughter. A third indispensible member of the group was Sir Robert Moray, their cousin by marriage, King Charless fellow chemist and close friend. Together the three inaugurated a programme of reform which had some initial success but in the end foundered on political and personal disagreements. Maurice Lee makes effective use of the unpublished correspondence of the three, among themselves and with others, in telling the melancholy tale of the regime of this triumvirate for the first time.

In viewing Galloway from the wider context of the northern British mainland, Irish Sea and wider Hebridean zone, it has been possible to explore the dynamics of state-building, dynastic interactions, and the close inter-relationships of the territories connected by the western seaways, which most traditional national histories obscure. From this wider perspective, the development of the lordship of Galloway can be considered in the context of the spreading power and regional rivalries of English, Irish and Scottish kings, and a reassessment of the emergence of the unitary lordship controlled by Fergus of Galloway and his family. Traditional interpretations of the relationship of Fergus and his successors with the kings of England and Scotland are challenged and new light is thrown on the beginnings of the processes of progressive domination of Galloway by, and integration into, the kingdom of the Scots. The end of the autonomous lordship in the 1230s is projected against the backdrop of the aggressive state-building activities of King Alexander II and the transformation of its rulers from independently minded princes and warlords into Anglo-Scottish barons.

This text analyzes what really happened in Glasgow in the tumultuous years following World War I. It shows the real improvements in social conditions, and explores the impact of these years on the coming dominance of the Labour party in the west of Scotland.

The gospel is for every tribe, tongue, and nation (Revelation 7:9), but there is no single biblical or theological model for the relationship between the gospel and these diverse cultures. Indeed, every suggested approach carries its own range of philosophical and theological commitments that all too often remain unexamined. Contextualization is fraught with challengesyet wrestling with questions of context is essential for how we understand mission, theology, and the embodiment of the Christian faith.German missiology has engaged these questions in a variety of ways that can both inform and critique Anglo-American traditions. In this compilation and analysis, John Flett and Henning Wrogemann translate and comment on a core thread of German missiological works, explaining both their historical and current significance. Drawn from journals and books across a century of academic discourse, these classic writings trace developments from Gustav Warneck, the father of contemporary missiology, through key thinkers such as Karl Hartenstein, who coined the term missio Dei, down to twenty-first century discussions of intercultural hermeneutics. Along the way they reveal advances, mistakes, and changing definitions as German missiologists interacted with the cultural and political realities of their time.This longitudinal study, showcasing many texts available in English for the first time, tackles the history and dynamics of contextualization head-on and sheds new light on the state of missiology today. We are reminded, Flett and Wrogemann argue, that we must keep working to honor difference within the worldwide Christian community as necessary to the fullness of our being in Christ.Missiological Engagements charts interdisciplinary and innovative trajectories in the history, theology, and practice of Christian mission, featuring contributions by leading thinkers from both the Euro-American West and the majority world whose missiological scholarship bridges church, academy, and society.

Exile in Amsterdam is based on a rich, extensive, and previously untapped source for one of the most important and fascinating Jewish communities in early modern Europe: the sermons of Saul Levi Morteira (ca. 1596-1660). Morteira, the leading rabbi of Amsterdam and a master of Jewish homiletical art, was known to have published only one book of fifty sermons in 1645, until a collection of 550 manuscript sermons in his own handwriting turned up in the Rabbinical Seminary of Budapest. After years of painstaking study from microfilms and three trips to Budapest to consult the actual manuscripts, Marc Saperstein has written the first comprehensive analysis of the historical significance of these texts, some of which were heard by the young Spinoza. Saperstein reviews the broad outlines of Morteiras biography, his treatment by scholars, and his image in literary works. He then reconstructs the process by which the preacher produced and delivered his sermons. Morteiras sermons also provide a trove of information about individuals and institutions in Morteiras Amsterdam, enabling Saperstein to analyze the shortcomings of behavior and the lapses in faith criticized by the preacher. The sermons also presented an ongoing program of adult education that transmitted the Jewish tradition on a high yet accessible level to a congregation of new Jews-immigrants who had lived as Christians in Portugal and were now assuming a Jewish identity with minimal prior knowledge. Here Saperstein focuses on themes Morteira considered crucial: memories of the historical past, confrontations with Christianity, ideas of exile and messianic redemption, and attitudes toward the New Christians who remained in Portugal. These historical reflections on Amsterdams community of new Jews are illustrated by eight of Morteiras sermons, which Saperstein presents in English and with full annotation for the first time. Exile in Amsterdam offers those interested in European Jewish history and homiletics access to primary source documents and the scholarship of one of the premier historians of Jewish preaching.

A partir de lo que se intercambia en las Indias desde los primeros momentos de la conquista -objetos, credos, lenguas, gramáticas, materias, políticas y dominios-, el presente estudio considera la traduccion desde un amplio espectro como forma privilegiada de la transferencia, pero tambien como un sistema unico de deteccion de diferencia entre el Nuevo y el Viejo Mundo. Las imposiciones, robos, prestamos o contactos de todo tipo que este imprime en aquel -linguisticos, religiosos, ideologicos, cartograficos- no se saldan impunemente para el equilibrio del antiguo orden. Las alteraciones son mutuas y con el expolio operado se producen cambios que tambalean la operacion sustentadora del sistema imperante, lo cual implica comprender tambien la traduccion como transporte, traslado bilateral de mercancia: ¿que pasa cuando los idolos americanos y las ritualidades que los acompañaban llegan a Europa? Y a la inversa ¿que ocurre cuando un simbolo de la fe imperial cae en manos de la resistencia creyente indigena?Utilizando un corpus de textos que encajarian en la consideracion de "literatura menor" que Deleuze inaugurara o de "escritura pastoral" en su acepcion mas historica -diccionarios, vocabularios, tesauros y manuales para el aprendizaje de las voces nativas, sermonarios, confesionarios, cartillas y catecismos de la doctrina cristiana, pero tambien repertorios, mapas, inventarios, emblemas, dialogos catequizadores, escapularios y estampas-, se analizan los primeros instantes del encuentro cultural americano, de la incomprension que a el parece subyacer, a traves o mediante esta vastedad de la operacion traductora: operacion entre idiomas, entre religiones, usos, relatos, procesos comunicativos, objetualidades, posesiones, ritos. Mediacion, por tanto, entre imagen y letra, entre oralidad y escritura, entre oeste y este, entre conquistador y conquistado, y traduccion como gestion interna a la conquista misma en tanto modo para encarar la nueva realidad que de ella emerge.