eBooks de Historia Universal, página 17 de 627

La ciudad, especialmente en la Baja Edad Media, constituye un espacio de atracción para la nobleza. Un espacio donde instala sus casas-palacio e incorpora sus prácticas clientelares, y en cuyo aparato de toma de decisiones procura hacerse presente. Pero, sobre todo, un espacio urbano que ambiciona, que procura ocupar alli y donde puede, y cuyo alfoz, en todo caso, somete a practicas de usurpacion, de violencia y tension por momentos permanentes en ciertas areas de la geografia castellana. Aunque esta violencia esta ampliamente documentada, las relaciones de la nobleza y el mundo urbano no transitaron solo caminos de conflicto. En paralelo a los alineamientos politicos a los que en cada momento se incorporan los linajes nobles en el marco de la alta politica del reino, surgio tambien una cierta capacidad para la cooperacion, la ayuda mutua y la solidaridad (relativamente desinteresadas) entre nobles y ciudades. Esta obra se ocupa de algunos de los elementos teoricos que un analisis de este tipo de relaciones (conflictivas, cooperativas, neutras) ha de alcanzar: los aspectos mas politicos del marco de relaciones que se construye alrededor de las conexiones entre ciudad y nobleza, y monarquia; las implicaciones de contenido economico que aquellas conllevaron; y la formulacion de algunos modelos discursivos en los que se sustentaron dichas relaciones.

With eleven new contributions, this second edition of essays on the sources and principles of Dominican values in education offers an extended sample of the many settings in which Dominican education, broadly understood, finds expression. Cherished by all Dominicans, these values are exemplified not only in the lives of well-known foundational Dominicans, but also in some of those many others who, on every continent and across time, have responded in typically Dominican ways at key moments in history. Educators, activists, philosophers, teachers, preachers, artists, healers and theologians at many levels share their analyses and reflections on educating in many different contexts, explicitly and implicitly demonstrating ideals and values common to the goals of Dominican education everywhere. It is hoped that this collection, offered again in this decade of Dominican Jubilee--1206-1216 to 2006- 2016--will inform, inspire and encourage all those engaged in the great work of educating not only youth but people of all ages towards greater life and liberty.

The period of the Julio-Claudian principate, with Romes transition from Republic to Empire and the rise of an imperial dynasty, marks a fascinating episode of historical change in Roman history. It saw the establishment and consolidation of a new political system that fundamentally altered Romes political landscape, its socio-economic structures, cultural identity, and its relations with the wider Mediterranean world.This volume brings together ten essays offering fresh perspectives on key aspects of this transformative era. Representing a wide range of disciplines, the authors shed light on the nature, fluidity, and plasticity of the early principate and the new realities it shaped. They discuss traditional terminology and periodization, the distinctive discourses and policies of the Julio-Claudian emperors, and the role of individuals and institutions in shaping the processes of transformation. They also analyze the development of traditional offices and the emergence of new structural features, as well as the ways in which contemporaries and later historians perceived this period of change and crafted the narratives of one-man rule.

This e-book gathers eight papers devoted to specific aspects of Ciceros engagement with Roman religion, and seeks to make a wider contribution to the understanding of Ciceros work as historical evidence. By engaging with religion as a fundamental factor of social cohesion and political stability, both in his theoretical works and his speeches, Cicero shaped a wide-ranging and ambitious discourse around themes and images that were firmly located in first-century BCE Rome. His contribution also proved very influential in the centuries to come.The volume focuses on the relationship between law, religion, and religious authority in Cicero; the interplay between divine images, ritual contexts, and the conceptualization of the divine; Ciceros construction of a Greek deity for a Roman audience; the role of religious elements in the shaping of a Roman political identity; the tension between natural law and Roman pietas; the problem of divine and human foresight; the relationship between theoretical views of the gods and late Republican public cult; and the reception, use, and readaptation of Ciceronian theology in the English Enlightenment.

The history of European integration has always known "external states" that did not want or were not able to join the process of European integration. The EU might indeed not be seen as attractive: Since 2008, it has had to face many crises, first the financial crisis, then the migration and Schengen crises in 2015, and finally the "leave" vote in Great Britain in 2016, the so-called "Brexit". Euro-skepticism has continually increased in EU-member states as the rejection of various EU treaties proved. On national as well as EU levels, the strength of anti-European parties has grown. The present volume, edited by Birte Wassenberg and Patrick Moreau, concentrates on these "external states", particularly their attitude towards Europe. By looking at the geopolitical context, a wide range from historical constants to a changing of attitudes is shown and proves that the EU remains a fundamental actor of European politics and that its attraction continues to be very powerful.

Athenaeus Mechanicus the surname differentiates him from better-known homonyms wrote a treatise on Greek siege-machinery. Uniquely in the genre, it combined general cultural erudition, historical survey, and This is the works first English translation, and the first commentary in any language. Athenaeus is argued to be a Cilician ex-statesman living in Rome in the 20s B.C. and striving, like his contemporary Vitruvius, for imperial patronage there.As regards the treatise itself, it is here evaluated from the perspectives not only of ancient history and philology but also engineering. This highlights the skill of an early-Hellenistic practitioner like Diades, who served Alexander the Great; but it also reveals how, in a later age, workable ideas could no longer be distinguished from wishful thinking the latter a category to which Athenaeus himself proudly made his own contributions.

Molossia is perhaps most famous as the kingdom of the third-century warlord Pyrrhus. The Inscriptions of Dodona and A New History of Molossia re-examines the non-oracular stone and bronze inscriptions, re-dating some of the most important to the third century BC rather than the fourth.This re-dating in turn forms the basis of the new history presented here. In this history are stressed the primacy of the king, who ruled a kingdom rather than a federal league; the minimal extent of Molossian "expansion" in the fourth century BC; the likelihood that there was indeed no federal league, only a type of amphictyony administering the sanctuary of Dodona, before 232 BC; the continuing relationship of allied association rather than incorporation between the Molossians with their neighbors; the interference of the Macedonians as a catalyst for the coalescence of Molossian identity; and the way events of the third century paved the way for the establishment of a federal league after the death of the last monarch in 232 BC.This history substantially reshapes our understanding of this part of the Hellenistic world, and of the early history of federal leagues in Greece.

Medical Imaging plays a prominent role in contemporary medical research and practice. At the same time imaging in its broadest sense, including illustration, diagramming, model-making, photography and other forms of image rendering, has a long tradition in medicine. Imaging has served different purposes ranging from depicting to backing concepts or creating convincing evidence. Thus, imaging the human body has different aspects not only related to techniques or current interpretations of visual representations through medical imaging technologies. The way the human body was and is displayed in medicine also reflects a range of cultural, historical, artistic and scientific concerns.Therefore, the editors of this e-book organized an international interdisciplinary conference in 2010 to bring together perspectives on Medical Imaging from medicine, philosophy, history and arts. This e-book summarizes the results of this interdisciplinary conference including representative examples of what was presented and discussed. It offers stimulating papers addressing readers interested in the status of medical images and their interpretation by different disciplines.

This book is the first of a three-volume study of the structures and objects discovered during nine seasons of excavations (2017-2025) within the Ramesses II temple precinct conducted under the direction of Sameh Iskander. This volume contains five chapters organized in two parts; the first presents in three chapters a clear understanding of the precinct site, its extant architectural mud-brick structures outside the stone temple, and a careful investigation of the archeological objects and ceramic data obtained from the excavation. The second part focuses on the data obtained from the excavation of a mysterious mixed deposit of materials that were brought from unknown locations and dumped in one of the temples magazines (S15). This deposit offers new insights into our understanding of Abydos, a site rich in historical and archaeological significance.

This book is a succinct and readable account of recent research at Gordion, the ancient capital of Phrygia, long one of the key sites for understanding Iron Age Anatolia. The regional survey at Gordion has involved a range of interdisciplinary studies-archaeological, environmental, and ethnoarchaeological-to produce an unusually comprehensive understanding of how the landscape evolved, the patterns of settlement during the rise and fall of the Phrygian state, and its environmental constraints. With a history of excavation of over a century, Gordion has yielded a vast store of material culture, some of which is spectacular. The Midas tumulus, the architecture of the Phrygian citadel, and the artifacts from several decades of excavations present unique challenges and solutions for conservation methodology. Analyses of these artifacts are providing new insights into the political and economic relationships of this region, particularly from the Early Iron Age to the Roman period. Presenting current work at Gordion contributes to the broader understanding of archaeology across the region and around the world.

In This Modern Age: Medieval Studies in Honor of Paul Edward Dutton is a collection of fourteen essays by scholars of the Carolingian era specializing in history, art history, and literature. The volume is divided into five sections, which treat early medieval Latin literary and historiographical culture, images and objects, interpretations of natural phenomena, and the subject of nostalgia. Reflecting Duttons pathbreaking work, the contributions all evince the great impact of his teaching and erudition over the past thirty years since the publication of his seminal books Carolingian Civilization: A Reader (1993), The Politics of Dreaming in the Carolingian Empire (1994), The Poetry and Paintings of the First Bible of Charles the Bald (with Herbert L. Kessler) (1997), Charlemagnes Courtier: The Complete Einhard (1998), Charlemagnes Mustache: And Other Cultural Clusters of a Dark Age (2004), together with his many influential articles. This body of highly distinctive, stimulating, and evocative scholarship has fundamentally transformed Carolingian studies, inspiring younger scholars to enter the field and encouraging established scholars to develop it in new directions. The essays in this volume individually pay tribute to Dutton in their illumination of diverse aspects of Carolingian intellectual, textual, and visual culture, with its famously idiosyncratic revival of Christian-Roman learning, aesthetics, and ideas. Gathered together, they offer an expression of gratitude for the risks that he took and the generosity that he has always shown.

La independencia de las Trece Colonias y la Revolución Francesa han ocupado un lugar privilegiado en el estudio de la Era de las revoluciones. Los nueve capítulos de este libro plantean colocar a la revolucion liberal española, al liberalismo hispanico y a las independencias hispanoamericanas en un lugar destacado en el estudio de dicha era. Esto lo hace el autor mediante un analisis de varios aspectos politicos e intelectuales del mundo hispanico del primer cuarto del siglo XIX que muestran su riqueza, su peculiaridad, su complejidad y sus aportaciones a la historia de las ideas en Occidente. En resumen, el libro que el lector tiene en sus manos proporciona argumentos para concluir que no se puede seguir ignorando a las revoluciones hispanicas cuando se escribe historia politica o historia intelectual sobre la Era de las revoluciones.Fuera de algunos especialistas, muy pocas personas saben que el termino "liberal" con una connotacion politica surgio en el mundo hispanico al final de la primera decada del siglo XIX. Concretamente, en las Cortes de Cadiz, una asamblea de representantes españoles e hispanoamericanos que se reunieron en ese puerto español entre 1810 y 1814. Esa asamblea bi-continental y la constitucion que elaboraron (la Constitucion de Cadiz o Constitucion de 1812) consideraron como ciudadanos a los indigenas de America y el documento era el mas abierto que hasta entonces se habia redactado en terminos de participacion electoral. Ademas, tuvo repercusiones sobre varias regiones italianas, Portugal, Rusia y Noruega, asi como, por supuesto, sobre los territorios hispanoamericanos, los cuales pronto extendieron la revolucion hispanica al Nuevo Continente y optaron por una via propia hacia la modernidad politica que surgio en Occidente durante la Era de las revoluciones.

The historical memory of the principate is for obvious reasons dominated by the emperors, with one exception: Germanicus Caesar, who, though not a ruler, appears in the sources as if he had been one. Chosen by Augustus as his ultimate heir, the embodiment of the dynastic principle, yet never the emperor; put at the head of one third of the Roman army to reconquer Germania, but recalled before the tasks completion; the last to hold an imperium which made him almost a co-regent of the emperor, cut short by his sudden death he reflects like no one the transition of the principate from the Augustan phase to its mature form. Equally significant is the longevity of the memory of his person and the variety of ways in which it was expressed: the only non-emperor commemorated in the Feriale Duranum, he figures on coins struck long after the end of the Julio-Claudians and an edict of his, quoted in a legal text of the 3rd century, appears in the Digesta. To give justice to his memorability, our contributions approach him in the perspective of not only history, classical philology, art history/archaeology and numismatics, but also Egyptology and Roman law.

When did Burns Suppers start? Why is it celebrated all over the world? Who can join in the fun?Spanning the history of the phenomenon, from the year of its creation in 1801 to the present day, this book offers you everything you need to know about the Burns Supper, and the poet for whom it is held every year. From the origins of the custom to its modern day interpretations, from the rituals and traditions to the fun and fellowship, this first full-length study of the unique annual celebration of Scotlands national poet answers every question you can think of, along with every one you cant.

Any exploration of plural medicine including the historical perspective needs to be aware of the conflict between regular and irregular healers which existed already in the pre-modern era, although distinctive features such as scientific, alternative or traditional which are so familiar to us today did not yet play a role. In the early modern period we observe a complex array of heterogeneous medical ideas and practices which has not much in common with the kind of pluralism or plurality which we can find in modern health care systems in Europe and non-western countries (e.g. India, Japan).Comparing the medical market place in pre-modern, 19th, and early 20th-century Western Europe with the present situation in health care, this book deals with the historical development as well as with the present state of medical pluralism in and outside Europe. The studies come up with data and evidence from a variety of sources, suggesting that unconventional medicine has been a persistent presence in health care over the past two to four hundred years. The contributors were drawn from different academic disciplines such as medical history, medicine, sociology, and anthropology.

The traumatic failure of the European constitution seems to confirm doubts about a European public sphere that effectively interacts with the European Union and holds it to account. Is a European public sphere truly impossible? While many social scientists have claimed as much, their observations are often based on only a short period of recent history. This book provides the first long-term historical analysis of a political European public sphere and its development over time.Focusing on how British, French and German newspapers covered major European Council summits from The Hague in 1969 to Maastricht in 1991, it suggests that major milestones in European integration have long been accompanied by an increasingly controversial debate in the media. Moreover, the European public sphere has undergone a notable structural transformation. The growth of a more developed European political system since the 1970s has led to a more politicised, more differentiated, more inclusive European public sphere, an increase of transnational communication and changes in European identification.

The teaching of history in South African and Japanese schools has attracted sustained criticism for the alleged attempts to conceal the controversial aspects of their countries past and to inculcate ideologies favourable to the ruling regimes. This book is the first attempt to systematically compare the ways in which education bureaucracy in both nations dealt with opposition and critics in the period from ca. 1945 to 1995, when both countries were dominated by single-party governments for most of the fifty years. The author argues that both South African and Japanese education bureaucracy did not overtly express its intentions in the curriculum documents or in the textbooks, but found ways to enhance its authority through a range of often subtle measures. A total of eight themes in 60 officially approved Standard 6 South African and Japanese middle-school history textbooks have been selected to demonstrate the changes and continuity. This work hopes to contribute to the existing literature of comparative history by drawing lessons that would probably not have emerged from the study of either country by itself.The dissertation won a publication prize at Georg Eckert Institute for Textbook Research.

The second volume of Saints and Sinners on Horseback introduces new equine and human characters whose lives and deaths continue to have social, cultural, and religious influence centuries after their time on earth. Humans record their own deeds, but sometimes forget to honour the horses who made their successes possible. This volume recognises the unnamed equids who exertan influence over the human mind in compelling ways. Equally, the names of some individual horses ring down through the ages, whether for their heroism or as symbols for justice and injustice. Where horses meet humans, religion, magic, and the supernatural are never far away, creating a rich fund of stories for Saints and Sinners on Horseback.

21st Century Medievalisms. Between the Global and Individual is an edited volume consisting of 14 chapters by scholars interested in contemporary medievalisms across the world. It is a timely contribution to the growing scholarship on medievalisms offering chapters that consider both the individual experiences of medievalisms, as well as those of societies and cultures at large. The chapters of the book are grouped into three parts, the first explores stereotypes and myths in medievalisms; the second examines medievalisms that speak to particular communities and audiences; and the third studies how medievalisms are impacted by or stimulate conversations of politics and gender. These chapters all reflect a growing interest in medievalisms, and the appreciation of how they are present, materialise and evolve in different contexts and offers insights into medievalisms in politics, popular culture, social activism and more. Throughout the book, examples and case studies demonstrate how medievalisms in the modern age are at times individual experiences, at other times global phenomena and sometimes are in between. Therefore these medievalisms can speak to different audiences at the same time, showcasing how the Middle Ages and their memory continue to be a pertinent topic of study within the wider field of medieval studies.

Discussion of the commercial treaties between Rome and Carthage includes examination of the evidence of Carthaginian trade-goods brought to Rome and of the probable residence of N. Africans in the city for purposes of trade conducted under terms of the treaties and under supervision of Roman aediles.Roman cultural borrowings from Carthaginians are treated. Roman awareness and adoption of Punic religious beliefs and practices during the first two wars between Carthage and Rome are argued. Roman attitudes to foreign gods are discussed.Through re-examination of the evidence of two Roman neighborhoods we learn about Vicus Sobrius and its cult of Mercurius Sobrius and Vicus Africus, two quarters of Rome which Carthaginians frequented and in one case had their market. Punic influence on Roman culture, especially in the realm of religion and agronomy. The sources of Roman acquaintance with Carthaginian commercial, agricultural and religious practices are rehabilitated. How Romans masked their cultural debt to Carthaginians is discussed.