Arthur Schopenhauer, página 6 de 18

Obra que supone la "summa" del pensamiento y de la concepción existencial de Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), El mundo como voluntad y representación ha sido leído con admiración por gigantes de la talla de Wittgenstein, Nietzsche, Goethe, Wagner, Freud, Tolstoi, Thomas Mann o, en el ámbito hispano, J. L. Borges y Pío Baroja. La vivacidad y la amenidad de su estilo, la pasión de que impregna su discurso y su riqueza en estímulos y sugerencias hacen de ella una de la cumbres del pensamiento occidental. En su introducción a la obra, Roberto R. Aramayo nos brinda todos los detalles de la azarosa trayectoria de esta obra mítica, así como el contexto adecuado para disfrutar de ella.

Controversial Dialectic is the art of disputing, and of disputing in such a way as to hold ones own, whether one is in the right or the wrong per fas et nefas.A man may be objectively in the right, and nevertheless in the eyes of bystanders, and sometimes in his own, he may come off worst. For example, I may advance a proof of some assertion, and my adversary may refute the proof, and thus appear to have refuted the assertion, for which there may, nevertheless, be other proofs. In this case, of course, my adversary and I change places: he comes off best, although, as a matter of fact, he is in the wrong.

El nombre de Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1861) se asocia a una visión pesimista de la existencia. Su rotundo pensamiento, expuesto en buen estilo literario, fue revolucionario al desvelar que ni la razon universal ni un Dios bondadoso gobiernan el mundo, y que la sinrazon, lo inconsciente, lo caotico e indeterminado imperan en un universo que poco tiene de cosmos ordenado y mucho mas de pandemonium. Aseguraba que habitamos en un "valle de lagrimas" o en una "colonia penitenciaria", y que solo algo tan singularmente humano como el disfrute de la belleza artistica y la musica, junto con la solidaridad de cada uno de nosotros hacia los demas seres vivos, constituyen las unicas vias que pueden conducirnos a un mundo, si no mejor, cuando menos, mas llevadero y soportable. Las obras de Schopenhauer fueron apreciadas por literatos y artistas tan señeros como Kafka, Thomas Mann, Tolstoi o Wagner. LUIS FERNANDO MORENO CLAROS Luis Fernando Moreno Claros (1961), doctor en Filosofia por la Universidad de Salamanca, divulgador cultural y critico literario, es traductor de Goethe y Nietzsche. Es autor de numerosos articulos sobre literatura y filosofia, asi como de los libros Heidegger, el filosofo del ser y Schopenhauer, vida del filosofo pesimista.

¿Qué alternativa queda para quieneshan visto más allá del velo de Maya, para quienes reconocenque el mundo es nada, pero desean seguir viviendo? ¿Cómocontinuar, pues, subsistiendo en el infierno, en este valle de lagrimas,y hacerlo lo mas agradable posible? Schopenhauer formulala respuesta en su tratado eudemonologico: Si no se puedeser feliz en este mundo, habra que procurar al menos no ser tandesdichado.Los aforismos son, por tanto, el manual, el artede prudencia en el que Schopenhauer condensa toda su sabiduriapractica; en ellos el filosofo del pesimismo se vuelve humanoal legar a sus congeneres un manual de supervivencia, un libro deestrategia o de combate para que aprendiera a defenderse en el ambitode una vida a la que no estaban capacitados para renunciar. Leer a Schopenhauer,como dijera Thomas Mann nos llena de una satisfaccion extrañamenteprofunda, basada en la protesta espiritual, en la indignacion humanaque se expresa en su obra y que es perceptible en un reprimido temblorde su voz.

El lector de Schopenhauer termina creyendo que para él realmente la vida no fue (y por lo tanto no es nunca) agradable, que el descubrimiento del cuerpo como principio trascendental no derivó en un ser-cuerpo que vivenciara la simpatía que relaciona todo lo que está vivo sino en un ser-cuerpo que exhibe la indefensión, el desamparo, el desasosiego que soporta todo lo viviente. Pensamiento lacerante que se hizo carne en la vida de Schopenhauer.

Unas reflexiones polémicas, apasionadas y sin duda discutibles sobre la condición femenina de uno de los filósofos occidentales más controvertidos de los últimos siglos.

Movido más por su admiración por Goethe que por las exigencias de su propio pensamiento, Schopenhauer elabora una teoría del color que pretende, según él, respaldar los simples hechos que Goethe compilo en su Teoria de los colores y apoyar a este en su radical oposicion a la teoria newtoniana. En esta linea, el filosofo presenta una consideracion del color desde el punto de vista subjetivo (como modificacion de la actividad del ojo), completando el tratamiento objetivo realizado por el poeta, que entiende el color como modificacion de la luz. Asi, y pese a no tener un contenido plenamente filosofico, este escrito contribuye a la comprension de la teoria schopenhaueriana sobre la intuicion empirica y las formas a priori del conocimiento.El presente volumen, que recoge el tratado Sobre la vision y los colores segun la tercera y ultima edicion, fechada en 1854, incluye asimismo la correspondencia entre Schopenhauer y Goethe, en la que se pone de manifiesto la breve y tensa relacion entre ambos. El tono de las cartas del joven filosofo refleja su ambigua actitud hacia el maestro, alternando las expresiones de maxima reverencia con ademanes de superioridad hacia la Teoria de los colores, que constituia para Goethe la obra de su vida.

In "Government," Arthur Schopenhauer presents a critical examination of the state and its role in human society, reflecting his philosophical pessimism and realism. The work articulates the inherent conflicts between individual freedom and societal constraints, employing a clear yet incisive style that invites readers to question the motivations and ethical implications of governmental authority. Schopenhauers focus on the will as a driving force in human behavior permeates the text, showcasing the tension between abstract ideals of governance and the tangible experiences of power. As a philosopher of the early 19th century, his insights resonate with the tumultuous political contexts of his time, where nation-states were grappling with issues of oppression and liberty. Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), a pivotal figure in Western philosophy, laid the groundwork for existential thought and influenced later thinkers, including Nietzsche and Freud. His own struggles against institutional constraints and societal norms deepened his understanding of the darker aspects of human nature and the inherent suffering within social constructs. "Government" emerges as a culmination of these insights, positioning itself against the backdrop of burgeoning democratic movements and philosophical debates. This book is essential reading for anyone interested in political philosophy, ethics, or the human condition. Schopenhauers rigorous analysis prompts readers to reflect on the relationship between the individual and the state, making it a compelling exploration for scholars, students, and anyone who seeks a deeper understanding of the complexities of governance.

In making his way through life, a man will find it useful to be ready and able to do two things: to look ahead and to overlook: the one will protect him from loss and injury, the other from disputes and squabbles.No one who has to live amongst men should absolutely discard any person who has his due place in the order of nature, even though he is very wicked or contemptible or ridiculous. He must accept him as an unalterable factunalterable, because the necessary outcome of an eternal, fundamental principle; and in bad cases he should remember the words of Mephistopheles: es muss auch solche Kauze gebenthere must be fools and rogues in the world.

Schopenhauer is one of the few philosophers who can be generally understood without a commentary. All his theories claim to be drawn direct from the facts, to be suggested by observation, and to interpret the world as it is; and whatever view he takes, he is constant in his appeal to the experience of common life. This characteristic endows his style with a freshness and vigor which would be difficult to match in the philosophical writing of any country, and impossible in that of Germany. If it were asked whether there were any circumstances apart from heredity, to which he owed his mental habit, the answer might be found in the abnormal character of his early education, his acquaintance with the world rather than with books, the extensive travels of his boyhood, his ardent pursuit of knowledge for its own sake and without regard to the emoluments and endowments of learning.

In "The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer: The Wisdom of Life," the renowned philosopher presents a profound exploration of human existence, ethics, and the pursuit of happiness. Schopenhauers incisive prose combines a deeply analytical perspective with a contemplative tone, drawing upon his metaphysical principles and ideas about will and representation. Integrating elements of aesthetic appreciation, moral reflection, and practical guidance, this collection serves as both a philosophical treatise and a self-help manual, embodying the central themes of his existential thought, particularly his views on suffering and the fleeting nature of joy. Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) was a pivotal figure in 19th-century philosophy, famously known for his pessimistic outlook on life, which was influenced by a range of thinkers, from Kant to Eastern philosophies, notably Buddhism. His unique synthesis of metaphysical speculation and psychological insight led him to produce works that challenge the prevailing optimistic narratives of his time. "The Wisdom of Life" is a testament to his enduring belief in examining the human condition through a lens that reveres introspection and self-awareness as keys to genuine understanding. This book is essential reading for anyone seeking to delve into the complexities of existence and the nature of happiness. Schopenhauers wisdom offers invaluable insights for modern readers grappling with lifes inherent challenges, making it a timeless resource for both philosophical inquiry and practical living.

In questo piccolo trattato, celato tra le sue carte, Schopenhauer spiega con la consueta verve che cos''e l''onore nelle sue diverse specie - onore privato, professionale, commerciale, pubblico, nazionale, sessuale, ecc. - e ci fornisce, in quattordici massime, i suggerimenti per conservarlo il piu a lungo possibile malgrado le traversie di cui e costellata la nostra esistenza. E non rinuncia ad alcune impertinenti osservazioni sulle differenze che, a suo dire, sussistono in questa materia fra l''uomo e la donna.

Un manual de carácter eminentemente pragmático que trata de plantear de forma directa y concreta los fundamentos verdaderos de una forma justa y necesaria de plantear el honor y liberarlo de las lamentables deformaciones y prejuicios que lo acompañan.

Fin dai tempi antichi, come insegna il caso di Socrate e Santippe, il rapporto tra il filosofo e le donne è stato conflittuale. Talché, se ripercorriamo la lunga storia di questo conflitto, ne ricavi