John Ruskin, página 2 de 9

Of all the buildings in Venice, later in date than the final additions to the Ducal Palace, the noblest is, beyond all question, that which, having been condemned by its proprietor, not many years ago, to be pulled down and sold for the value of its materials, was rescued by the Austrian government, and appropriatedthe government officers having no other use for itto the business of the Post-Office; though still known to the gondolier by its ancient name, the Casa Grimani. It is composed of three stories of the Corinthian order, at once simple, delicate, and sublime; but on so colossal a scale, that the three-storied palaces on its right and left only reach to the cornice which marks the level of its first floor. Yet it is not at first perceived to be so vast; and it is only when some expedient is employed to hide it from the eye, that by the sudden dwarfing of the whole reach of the Grand Canal, which it commands, we become aware that it is to the majesty of the Casa Grimani that the Rialto itself, and the whole group of neighboring buildings, owe the greater part of their impressiveness.

The work now laid before the public originated in indignation at the shallow and false criticism of the periodicals of the day on the works of the great living artist to whom it principally refers. It was intended to be a short pamphlet, reprobating the matter and style of those critiques, and pointing out their perilous tendency, as guides of public feeling. But, as point after point presented itself for demonstration, I found myself compelled to amplify what was at first a letter to the Editor of a Review, into something very like a treatise on art, to which I was obliged to give the more consistency and completeness, because it advocated opinions which, to the ordinary connoisseur, will sound heretical. I now scarcely know whether I should announce it is an Essay on Landscape Painting, and apologize for its frequent reference to the works of a particular master; or, announcing it as a critique on particular works, apologize for its lengthy discussion of general principles.

The Science of Architecture, followed out to its full extent, is one of the noblest of those which have reference only to the creations of human minds. It is not merely a science of the rule and compass, it does not consist only in the observation of just rule, or of fair proportion: it is, or ought to be, a science of feeling more than of rule, a ministry to the mind, more than to the eye. If we consider how much less the beauty and majesty of a building depend upon its pleasing certain prejudices of the eye, than upon its rousing certain trains of meditation in the mind, it will show in a moment how many intricate questions of feeling are involved in the raising of an edifice; it will convince us of the truth of a proposition, which might at first have appeared startling, that no man can be an architect, who is not a metaphysician.

If there is one artist, more than another, whose work it is desirable that you should examine in Florence, supposing that you care for old art at all, it is Giotto. You can, indeed, also see work of his at Assisi; but it is not likely you will stop there, to any purpose. At Padua there is much; but only of one period. At Florence, which is his birthplace, you can see pictures by him of every date, and every kind. But you had surely better see, first, what is of his best time and of the best kind. He painted very small pictures and very largepainted from the age of twelve to sixtypainted some subjects carelessly which he had little interest insome carefully with all his heart. You would surely like, and it would certainly be wise, to see him first in his strong and earnest work,to see a painting by him, if possible, of large size, and wrought with his full strength, and of a subject pleasing to him. And if it were, also, a subject interesting to yourself,better still.Now, if indeed you are interested in old art, you cannot but know the power of the thirteenth century. You know that the character of it was concentrated in, and to the full expressed by, its best king, St. Louis. You know St. Louis was a Franciscan, and that the Franciscans, for whom Giotto was continually painting under Dantes advice, were prouder of him than of any other of their royal brethren or sisters. If Giotto ever would imagine anybody with care and delight, it would be St. Louis, if it chanced that anywhere he had St. Louis to paint.

Éste no es un libro de arquitectura. Es cierto que en sus páginas el lector encontrara profusión de enseñanzas sobre el arte de crear edificios, porque el texto nació como un ensayo sobre conceptos arquitectonicos. Pero en la obra maestra de Ruskin hay mucho mas. Para el gran esteta ingles, en la arquitectura estaba el principio de las artes, que el resto de bellas artes, como la pintura o la escultura, debian seguir en modo y metodo. Por eso, al sentar las bases de una nueva forma de entender la arquitectura. Ruskin abrio el camino a una nueva manera de hacer arte.

La rivisitazione della grande civiltà veneziana, del suo splendore artistico e cittadino compiuta da uno dei più grandi critici d'arte del secondo Ottocento. Un libro che è insieme saggio, racconto, romanzo e pamphlet appassionato: contro la decadenza culturale, civile, artistica della modernità, nel vagheggiamento di un sogno di perfezione perduto.

The greater part of the following treatise remains in the exact form in which it was read at Manchester; but the more familiar passages of it, which were trusted to extempore delivery, have been since written with greater explicitness and fullness than I could give them in speaking; and a considerable number of notes are added, to explain the points which could not be sufficiently considered in the time I had at my disposal in the lecture-room.Some apology may be thought due to the reader, for an endeavour to engage his attention on a subject of which no profound study seems compatible with the work in which I am usually employed. But profound study is not, in this case, necessary either to writer or reader, while accurate study, up to a certain point, is necessary for us all. Political economy means, in plain English, nothing more than "citizens economy"; and its first principles ought, therefore, to be understood by all who mean to take the responsibility of citizens, as those of household economy by all who take the responsibility of householders.

The following lectures were the most important piece of my literary work done with unabated power, best motive, and happiest concurrence of circumstance. They were written and delivered while my mother yet lived, and had vividest sympathy in all I was attempting;while also my friends put unbroken trust in me, and the course of study I had followed seemed to fit me for the acceptance of noble tasks and graver responsibilities than those only of a curious traveler, or casual teacher.Men of the present world may smile at the sanguine utterances of the first four lectures: but it has not been wholly my own fault that they have remained unfulfilled; nor do I retract one word of hope for the success of other masters, nor a single promise made to the sincerity of the students labor, on the lines here indicated.

The following lectures were really given, in substance, at a girls school (far in the country); which, in the course of various experiments on the possibility of introducing some better practice of drawing into the modern scheme of female education, I visited frequently enough to enable the children to regard me as a friend. The Lectures always fell more or less into the form of fragmentary answers to questions; and they are allowed to retain that form, as, on the whole, likely to be more interesting than the symmetries of a continuous treatise. Many children (for the school was large) took part, at different times, in the conversations; but I have endeavored, without confusedly multiplying the number of imaginary speakers, to represent, as far as I could, the general tone of comment and inquiry among young people.

The following addresses, though spoken at different times, are intentionally connected in subject; their aim being to set one or two main principles of art in simple light before the general student, and to indicate their practical bearing on modern design. The law which it has been my effort chiefly to illustrate is the dependence of all noble design, in any kind, on the sculpture or painting of Organic Form.This is the vital law; lying at the root of all that I have ever tried to teach respecting architecture or any other art. It is also the law most generally disallowed.

My first duty this evening is to ask your pardon for the ambiguity of title under which the subject of lecture has been announced: for indeed I am not going to talk of kings, known as regnant, nor of treasuries, understood to contain wealth; but of quite another order of royalty, and another material of riches, than those usually acknowledged. I had even intended to ask your attention for a little while on trust, and (as sometimes one contrives, in taking a friend to see a favourite piece of scenery) to hide what I wanted most to show, with such imperfect cunning as I might, until we unexpectedly reached the best point of view by winding paths. But and as also I have heard it said, by men practised in public address, that hearers are never so much fatigued as by the endeavour to follow a speaker who gives them no clue to his purpose,I will take the slight mask off at once, and tell you plainly that I want to speak to you about the treasures hidden in books; and about the way we find them, and the way we lose them. A grave subject, you will say; and a wide one! Yes; so wide that I shall make no effort to touch the compass of it. I will try only to bring before you a few simple thoughts about reading, which press themselves upon me every day more deeply, as I watch the course of the public mind with respect to our daily enlarging means of education; and the answeringly wider spreading on the levels, of the irrigation of literature.

The following Lectures are printed, as far as possible, just as they were delivered. Here and there a sentence which seemed obscure has been mended, and the passages which had not been previously written, have been, of course imperfectly, supplied from memory. But I am well assured that nothing of any substantial importance which was said in the lecture-room, is either omitted, or altered in its signification; with the exception only of a few sentences struck out from the notice of the works of Turner, in consequence of the impossibility of engraving the drawings by which they were illustrated, except at a cost which would have too much raised the price of the volume. Some elucidatory remarks have, however, been added at the close of the second and fourth Lectures, which I hope may be of more use than the passages which I was obliged to omit.

The title of this book,or, more accurately, of its subject;for no author was ever less likely than I have lately become, to hope for perennial pleasure to his readers from what has cost himself the most pains,will be, perhaps, recognised by some as the last clause of the line chosen from Keats by the good folks of Manchester, to be written in letters of gold on the cornice, or Holy rood, of the great Exhibition which inaugurated the career of so many,since organized, by both foreign governments and our own, to encourage the production of works of art, which the producing nations, so far from intending to be their "joy for ever," only hope to sell as soon as possible. Yet the motto was chosen with uncomprehended felicity: for there never was, nor can be, any essential beauty possessed by a work of art, which is not based on the conception of its honoured permanence, and local influence, as a part of appointed and precious furniture, either in the cathedral, the house, or the joyful thoroughfare, of nations which enter their gates with thanksgiving, and their courts with praise.

"La lectura de estas páginas nos pone en contacto con la sacralidad del arte. Ante las piedras de Venecia, enfrentado a semejante exuberancia de belleza, Ruskin fue capaz de superar el síndrome de Stendhal para destilar, a partir de ese desmesurado goce artistico, una de las mejores obras de estetica que se hayan escrito.El resultado de su detenido examen y reflexion sobre las expresiones de arte que calan hasta la medula esta joya de ciudad, tanto por la belleza de sus edificios como por la de las obras que contienen, resulto enormemente inspirador para artistas de todo el mundo y de distintas disciplinas, como William Morris, quien situo esta obra seminal en el mismo origen de la revalorizacion del arte gotico que tanto caracterizaria a las corrientes esteticas modernistas de finales de siglo, con el prerrafaelismo a la cabeza, o como Marcel Proust, quien tras la lectura, y traduccion, de la obra de Ruskin cambio su residencia fue a vivir una temporada a Venecia, junto a su madre y la orientacion de su vida y carrera literaria."

One of the most popular works for children of its time, The King of the Golden River is the first literary fairy tale in English (as opposed to collected folk tales); Ruskin himself said it was a fairly good imitation of Grimm and Dickens, mixed with some true Alpine feeling of my own.Later he spoke of the value of the traditional tales, with their power to fortify children against the glacial cold of selfish science; and indeed many have seen it as an introduction to the radical theories of economics and the passion for the environment that were Ruskins lasting legacy.More than that, The King of the Golden River remains a powerful and effective fable about Mans dual capacity for destructiveness and redeeming love, with a hero, villains and as strange a brace of fairy-tale creatures as one could hope to meet.Written in 1841 as a lighthearted present for his young cousin, Effie (who later became his wife, with famously disastrous results) The King of the Golden River was not published until 1851. The great illustrator Richard Doyle contributed over 25 full pages and vignettes in his characteristically romantic but sharp-edged style.A specially commissioned essay by Simon Cooke sets this fascinating work in the context of Ruskin''s writings and Doyle''s career, and discusses its importance in the history of fairy tale writing and of children''s publishing in the nineteenth century.