Libros de Física de la materia, nuclear y cuántica, página 6 de 25

Aunque desde principios del siglo XX la mecánica cuántica haya desbancado por completo a las tradicionales teorías de la física clásica newtoniana, el hecho de que se base en elementos que no se "ven", como son las particulas subatomicas, asi como el de que discrepe muy a menudo de nuestro sentido comun o de lo que perciben cotidianamente nuestros sentidos, ha sido y es causa de su desconocimiento, cuando no de cierta reserva a la hora de acercarse a ella, por parte de la mayoria de nosotros. Sirviendose de analogias con situaciones que nos resultan mas familiares, Robert Gilmore consigue exponernos en esta obra de forma mas clara y accesible los rasgos esenciales del mundo cuantico (e incluso aquellos algo mas costosos de aprehender), proponiendonos un insolito viaje para el cual solo hace falta un poco de gusto por la aventura del pensamiento o una elemental curiosidad por el mundo que nos rodea.Aunque desde principios del siglo XX la mecánica cuántica haya desbancado por completo a las tradicionales teorías de la física clásica newtoniana, el hecho de que se base en elementos que no se "ven", como son las particulas subatomicas, asi como el de que discrepe muy a menudo de nuestro sentido comun o de lo que perciben cotidianamente nuestros sentidos, ha sido y es causa de su desconocimiento, cuando no de cierta reserva a la hora de acercarse a ella, por parte de la mayoria de nosotros. Sirviendose de analogias con situaciones que nos resultan mas familiares, Robert Gilmore consigue exponernos en esta obra de forma mas clara y accesible los rasgos esenciales del mundo cuantico (e incluso aquellos algo mas costosos de aprehender), proponiendonos un insolito viaje para el cual solo hace falta un poco de gusto por la aventura del pensamiento o una elemental curiosidad por el mundo que nos rodea.

Las respuestas a preguntas formuladas por niños (¿Por qué el cielo es azul? ¿Cuál es el trozo más pequeño que existe? ¿Dónde acaba el cielo?) sirven para reflexionar sobre el estado actual de nuestro conocimiento del universo y la importancia que tienen la curiosidad y la investigacion cientifica en la transmision del saber.

In this work, Stephen Hawking discusses the breakthroughs in physics theory that have occurred since the publication of A brief story of time. With a child's sense of wonder throughout, he takes readers along on his search for the ultimate "theory of everything" at the heart of the cosmos, discussing complex questions about quantum physics in a way that is clear and understandable to the nonscientist.

Este libro intenta darle una visión de algunos avances recientes en la física. Ejemplos de áreas avanzadas de la investigación son accesibles con el conocimiento disponible en el nivel introductorio. En muchas de las principales universidades, los estudiantes de reciente ingreso y los más avanzados ya participan en investigación de vanguardia en física. Con frecuencia, esta participación no exige nada más que las herramientas que se presentan en este libro, unos pocos días o semanas de lectura adicional, la curiosidad y decisión necesarias para aprender verdades y habilidades nuevas. Las páginas que siguen introducen algunas de las asombrosas fronteras de la investigación actual en física y describen algunos resultados que se han obtenido durante los últimos años. Esta introducción se limita al nivel cualitativo, obviando todos los detalles matemáticos y técnicos. Los números de capítulo entre paréntesis indican dónde se pueden encontrar exploraciones más a fondo sobre los temas.

Destinado a convertirse en un hito de la literatura científica, este libro recupera del olvido la polifacética figura de Girolamo Cardano, ciudadano del siglo XVI.Destinado a convertirse en un hito de la literatura cientifica, este libro recupera del olvido la polifacetica figura de Girolamo Cardano, un ciudadano del siglo XVI.Jugador empedernido y hereje, tan erudito como ingenioso y oportunista, atormentado por demonios y dudas existenciales, Cardano ejercio como astrologo de reyes, papas y emperadores y, a pesar de haber sido ignorado por la historia, fue el descubridor de los fundamentos matematicos de la fisica cuantica.El manual del astrologo cuantico presenta, como el propio Cardano, multiples facetas: es a la vez una biografia, un libro de historia de la ciencia, una explicacion de la teoria cuantica y una emocionante narracion que se lee como la mejor de las novelas. Un libro de ciencia unico sobre un cientifico unico.Cardano es un personaje enigmatico que suscita en Brooks un interes rayano en la obsesion. Juntos forman un tandem capaz de hacernos mas sabios y, a la vez, de emocionarnos.The Mail on SundayUn experimento atrevido y provechoso, y una nueva manera de escribir sobre ciencia.Ian StewartApasionante... Este sorprendente libro supone una revancha tardia para un jugador que perdio ma...

En un momento en el que la mecánica cuántica de la electrónica es indispensable en la vida cotidiana y los nuevos descubrimientos cuánticos ocupan los titulares de los informativos, tendrá la ocasión de visitar universos multiples, viajar por la teoria de ondas y aprender lo suficiente para hablar con propiedad sobre el principio de incertidumbre y los misterios del entrelazamiento cuantico.Todo lo que hacemos y vemos tiene particulas cuanticas como base de la accion, aunque esas particulas sean muy diferentes de cualquier cosa que podamos experimentar directamente. Es la paradoja y el encanto de la mecanica o teoria cuantica que podra descubrir en esta obra.

This book presents the theory of quantum effects used in metrology and results of the author's own research in the field of quantum electronics. The book provides also quantum measurement standards used in many branches of metrology for electrical quantities, mass, length, time and frequency. This book represents the first comprehensive survey of quantum metrology problems. As a scientific survey, it propagates a new approach to metrology with more emphasis on its connection with physics. This is of importance for the constantly developing technologies and nanotechnologies in particular. Providing a presentation of practical applications of the effects used in quantum metrology for the construction of quantum standards and sensitive electronic components, the book is useful for a wide audience of physicists and metrologists in the broad sense of both terms. In 2014 a new system of units, the so called Quantum SI, is introduced. This book helps to understand and approve the new system to both technology and academic community.

This book tells the fascinating story of the people and events behind the turbulent changes in attitudes to quantum theory in the second half of the 20th century. The huge success of quantum mechanics as a predictive theory has been accompanied, from the very beginning, by doubts and controversy about its foundations and interpretation. This book looks in detail at how research on foundations evolved after WWII, when it was revived, until the mid 1990s, when most of this research merged into the technological promise of quantum information. It is the story of the quantum dissidents, the scientists who brought this subject from the margins of physics into its mainstream. It is also a history of concepts, experiments, and techniques, and of the relationships between physics and the world at large, touching on themes such as the Cold War, McCarthyism, Zhdanovism, and the unrest of the late 1960s.

At Les Houches in January 2015, experts in the field of charged particle trapping came together for the Second Winter School on Physics with Trapped Charged Particles. This textbook collates the lectures delivered there, covering the fundamental physics of particle traps and the different types of applications of these devices.Taken as a whole, the book gives an overview of why traps for charged particles are important, how they work, their special features and limitations, and their application in areas such as precision measurements, mass spectrometry, optical clocks, plasma physics, antihydrogen creation, quantum simulation and quantum information processing. Chapters from various world experts include those on the basic properties of Penning traps and RF traps, as well as those covering important practical aspects such as vacuum systems, detection techniques, and different types of particle cooling, including laser cooling.Each individual chapter provides information and guidance on the application of the above methods.Additionally, each chapter is complemented by fully worked problems and solutions, making Trapped Charged Particles perfect for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students new to this topic

Quantum information theory is at the frontiers of physics, mathematics and information science, offering a variety of solutions that are impossible using classical theory. This book provides an introduction to the key concepts used in processing quantum information and reveals that quantum mechanics is a generalisation of classical probability theory. After a gentle introduction to the necessary mathematics the authors describe the geometry of quantum state spaces. Focusing on finite dimensional Hilbert spaces, they discuss the statistical distance measures and entropies used in quantum theory. The final part of the book is devoted to quantum entanglement - a non-intuitive phenomenon discovered by Schrodinger, which has become a key resource for quantum computation. This richly-illustrated book is useful to a broad audience of graduates and researchers interested in quantum information theory. Exercises follow each chapter, with hints and answers supplied.

This book presents a unified approach to a rich and rapidly evolving research domain at the interface between statistical physics, theoretical computer science/discrete mathematics, and coding/information theory. It is accessible to graduate students and researchers without a specific training in any of these fields. The selected topics include spin glasses, error correcting codes, satisfiability, and are central to each field. The approach focuses on large random instances and adopts a common probabilistic formulation in terms of graphical models. It presents message passing algorithms like belief propagation and survey propagation, and their use in decoding and constraint satisfaction solving. It also explains analysis techniques like density evolution and the cavity method, and uses them to study phase transitions.

This book presents the Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians in Quantum Physics, held in Palermo, Italy, from 18 to 23 May 2015. Non-Hermitian operators, and non-Hermitian Hamiltonians in particular, have recently received considerable attention from both the mathematics and physics communities. There has been a growing interest in non-Hermitian Hamiltonians in quantum physics since the discovery that PT-symmetric Hamiltonians can have a real spectrum and thus a physical relevance. The main subjects considered in this book include: PT-symmetry in quantum physics, PT-optics, Spectral singularities and spectral techniques, Indefinite-metric theories, Open quantum systems, Krein space methods, and Biorthogonal systems and applications. The book also provides a summary of recent advances in pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians and PT-symmetric Hamiltonians, as well as their applications in quantum physics and in the theory of open quantum systems.

The scientific study of networks, including computer networks, social networks, and biological networks, has received an enormous amount of interest in the last few years. The rise of the Internet and the wide availability of inexpensive computers have made it possible to gather and analyze network data on a large scale, and the development of a variety of new theoretical tools has allowed us to extract new knowledge from many different kinds of networks. The study of networks is broadly interdisciplinary and important developments have occurred in many fields, including mathematics, physics, computer and information sciences, biology, and the social sciences. This book brings together for the first time the most important breakthroughs in each of these fields and presents them in a coherent fashion, highlighting the strong interconnections between work in different areas.Subjects covered include the measurement and structure of networks in many branches of science, methods for analyzing network data, including methods developed in physics, statistics, and sociology, the fundamentals of graph theory, computer algorithms, and spectral methods, mathematical models of networks, including random graph models and generative models, and theories of dynamical processes taking place on networks.

Networks are everywhere, from the Internet, to social networks, and the genetic networks that determine our biological existence. Illustrated throughout in full colour, this pioneering textbook, spanning a wide range of topics from physics to computer science, engineering, economics and the social sciences, introduces network science to an interdisciplinary audience. From the origins of the six degrees of separation to explaining why networks are robust to random failures, the author explores how viruses like Ebola and H1N1 spread, and why it is that our friends have more friends than we do. Using numerous real-world examples, this innovatively designed text includes clear delineation between undergraduate and graduate level material. The mathematical formulas and derivations are included within Advanced Topics sections, enabling use at a range of levels. Extensive online resources, including films and software for network analysis, make this a multifaceted companion for anyone with an interest in network science.

This book is a treatise on time and on background independence in physics. It first considers how time is conceived of in each accepted paradigm of physics: Newtonian, special relativity, quantum mechanics (QM) and general relativity (GR). Substantial differences are moreover uncovered between what is meant by time in QM and in GR. These differences jointly source the Problem of Time: Nine interlinked facets which arise upon attempting concurrent treatment of the QM and GR paradigms, as is required in particular for a background independent theory of quantum gravity. A sizeable proportion of current quantum gravity programs - e.g. geometrodynamical and loop quantum gravity approaches to quantum GR, quantum cosmology, supergravity and M-theory - are background independent in this sense. This book's foundational topic is thus furthermore of practical relevance in the ongoing development of quantum gravity programs. This book shows moreover that eight of the nine facets of the Problem of Time already occur upon entertaining background independence in classical (rather than quantum) physics.By this development, and interpreting shape theory as modelling background independence, this book further establishes background independence as a field of study. Background independent mechanics, as well as minisuperspace (spatially homogeneous) models of GR and perturbations thereabout are used to illustrate these points.

You are reading the word "now" right now. But what does that mean? What makes the ephemeral moment "now" so special? Its enigmatic character has bedeviled philosophers, priests, and modern-day physicists from Augustine to Einstein and beyond. Einstein showed that the flow of time is affected by both velocity and gravity, yet he despaired at his failure to explain the meaning of "now." Equally puzzling: why does time flow? Some physicists have given up trying to understand, and call the flow of time an illusion, but the eminent experimentalist physicist Richard A. Muller protests. He says physics should explain reality, not deny it. In Now, Muller does more than poke holes in past ideas; he crafts his own revolutionary theory, one that makes testable predictions. He begins by laying out-with the refreshing clarity that made Physics for Future Presidents so successful-a firm and remarkably clear explanation of the physics building blocks of his theory: relativity, entropy, entanglement, antimatter, and the Big Bang. With the stage then set, he reveals a startling way forward.Muller points out that the standard Big Bang theory explains the ongoing expansion of the universe as the continuous creation of new space. He argues that time is also expanding and that the leading edge of the new time is what we experience as "now." This thought-provoking vision has remarkable implications for some of our biggest questions, not only in physics but also in philosophy-including the ongoing debate about the reality of free will. Moreover, his theory is testable. Muller's monumental work will spark major debate about the most fundamental assumptions of our universe, and may crack one of physics's longest-standing enigmas

From the reviews: "...useful for experts in mathematical physics...this is a very interesting book, which deserves to be found in any physical library." (OPTICS & PHOTONICS NEWS, July/August 2005

The treatment of time in quantum mechanics continues to be a key challenge in the foundation of quantum theory. This book follows Time in Quantum Mechanics-Volume 1 and is the second volume to detail the problems, attempts and achievements in defining, formalizing and measuring different time quantities in quantum theory. It touches upon numerous related issues as well. Time in Quantum Mechanics-Volume 2 opens with a brief historical overview. It then offers eleven tutorial reviews which cover many open questions regarding fundamental concepts and time observables as well as a number of quantum dynamical effects and their associated characteristic time scales. In addition, the volume contains a tutorial review on atomic clocks that explains that while we do not know what time is, we know very well how to measure it with exceptional accuracy. Thorough and lucid, this book is written as an introductory guide for newcomers to the subject. However, it is also useful as a reference for

he International System of Units (SI) is the world's most widely used system of measurement, used every day in commerce and science, and is the modern form of the metric system. It currently comprises the meter (m), the kilogram (kg), the second (s), the ampere (A), the kelvin (K), the candela (cd) and the mole (mol)). The system is changing though, units and unit definitions are modified through international agreements as the technology of measurement progresses, and as the precision of measurements improves. The SI is now being redefined based on constants of nature and their realization by quantum standards. Therefore, the underlying physics and technologies will receive increasing interest, and not only in the metrology community but in all fields of science. This book introduces and explains the applications of modern physics concepts to metrology, the science and the applications of measurements. A special focus is made on the use of quantum standards for the realization of the forthcoming new SI (the international system of units).The basic physical phenomena are introduced on a level which provides comprehensive information for the experienced reader but also provides a guide for a more intense study of these phenomena for students.