Libros de Física de la materia, nuclear y cuántica, página 9 de 25

General Relativity: An Introduction for Physicists provides a clear mathematical introduction to Einstein''s theory of general relativity. It presents a wide range of applications of the theory, concentrating on its physical consequences. After reviewing the basic concepts, the authors present a clear and intuitive discussion of the mathematical background, including the necessary tools of tensor calculus and differential geometry. These tools are then used to develop the topic of special relativity and to discuss electromagnetism in Minkowski spacetime. Gravitation as spacetime curvature is then introduced and the field equations of general relativity derived. After applying the theory to a wide range of physical situations, the book concludes with a brief discussion of classical field theory and the derivation of general relativity from a variational principle. Written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, this approachable textbook contains over 300 exercises to illuminate and extend the discussion in the text.

La producción abundante de energía eléctrica por métodos seguros y baratos ha revolucionado nuestra existencia, sobre todo desde los comienzos del siglo XX, momento del nacimiento de la Física Nuclear. El aprovechamiento de la enorme cantidad de energia almacenada en el nucleo de los atomos ha creado no pocos problemas sociopoliticos por causa, fundamentalmente, del desconocimiento delos principios, fenomenos y riesgos reales que confluyen en su transformacion en energia electrica.Como texto universitario de primer nivel, los dos volumenes del presente libro presentan de forma exhaustiva los principales temas de la Fisica Nuclear relacionados con los procesos que conducen a la obtencion de energia por fusion y fision nucleares, ademas de otras aplicaciones importantes.A lo largo de los doce capitulos que lo conforman, se describen los conceptos complejos de tales materias mediante amenas explicaciones asequibles a estudiantes universitarios de grado e incluso al publico en general con conocimientos basicos de Fisica propios del Bachillerato, sin la utilizacionde grandes desarrollos matematicos, pero con el maximo rigor cientifico. Asimismo, es un magnifico complemento para estudiantes y docentes del segundo ciclo universitario por la exposicion sencilla y de facil lectura de los diversos temas tratados.

Descubra la historia de algunos de los más grandes descubrimientos científicos y reflexione sobre el futuro de la física y la tecnología con esta fascinante guía por la física cuántica. Un libro que aborda un apasionante ambito de la fisica, con temas tales como la ecuacion del gato de Schrodinger, el funcionamiento de los laseres, transistores y microscopios electronicos, la conversion de los fluidos en superfluidos o lo que seria capaz de hacer un ordenador cuantico. Un libro que descompone lo basico para descubrir, disfrutar y absorber el que es, posiblemente, el aspecto mas fascinante y asombroso de la ciencia. En un momento en el que la mecanica cuantica de la electronica es indispensable en la vida cotidiana y los nuevos descubrimientos cuanticos ocupan los titulares de los informativos, tendra la ocasion de visitar universos multiples, viajar por la teoria de ondas y aprender lo suficiente para hablar con propiedad sobre el principio de incertidumbre y los misterios del entrelazamiento cuantico. Todo lo que hacemos y vemos tiene particulas cuanticas como base de la accion, aunque esas particulas sean muy diferentes de cualquier cosa que podamos experimentar directamente. Es la paradoja y el encanto de la mecanica o teoria cuantica que podra descubrir en esta obra.

Although ideas from quantum physics play an important role in many parts of modern mathematics, there are few books about quantum mechanics aimed at mathematicians. This book introduces the main ideas of quantum mechanics in language familiar to mathematicians. Readers with little prior exposure to physics will enjoy the book's conversational tone as they delve into such topics as the Hilbert space approach to quantum theory; the Schrodinger equation in one space dimension; the Spectral Theorem for bounded and unbounded self-adjoint operators; the Stonevon Neumann Theorem; the WentzelKramersBrillouin approximation; the role of Lie groups and Lie algebras in quantum mechanics; and the path-integral approach to quantum mechanics.The numerous exercises at the end of each chapter make the book suitable for both graduate courses and independent study. Most of the text is accessible to graduate students in mathematics who have had a first course in real analysis, covering the basics of L2 spaces and Hilbert spaces. The final chapters introduce readers who are familiar with the theory of manifolds to more advanced topics, including geometric quantization.

This book presents theoretical methods and experimental results on the study of multipartite quantum correlations in spin-squeezed BoseEinstein condensates. Nonclassical correlations in many-body systems are particularly interesting for both fundamental research and practical applications. For their investigation, ultracold atomic ensembles offer an ideal platform, due to their high controllability and long coherence times. In particular, we introduce criteria for detecting and characterizing multipartite entanglement, EinsteinPodolskyRosen steering, and Bell correlations. Moreover, we present the experimental observation of such correlations in systems of about 600 atoms.

This thesis sheds new light on the fascinating properties of composite quantum systems.Quantum systems of different sizes, ranging from small bipartite systems to large many-body ensembles, can be studied with the help of modern quantum optical experiments. These experiments make it possible to observe a broad variety of striking features, including nonclassical correlations, complex dynamics and quantum phase transitions. By adopting the complementary perspectives of quantum information theory, quantum chemistry and many-body theory, the thesis develops new methods for the efficient characterization and description of interacting, composite quantum systems.

Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation ProtectionDiscover the keys to radiation protection in the fourth edition of this best-selling textbookA variety of atomic and sub-atomic processes, including alpha, beta, and gamma decay or electron ejection from inner atom shells, can produce ionizing radiation. This radiation can in turn produce environmental and biological effects both harmful including DNA damage and other impacts of so-called radiation sickness and helpful, including radiation treatment for cancerous tumors. Understanding the processes that generate radiation and the steps which can be taken to mitigate or direct its effects is therefore critical in a wide range of industries and medical subfields.For decades, Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection has served as the classic reference work on the subject of ionizing radiation and its safeguards. Beginning with a presentation of fundamental atomic structure and the physical mechanisms which produce radiation, the book also includes thorough discussion of how radiation can be detected and measured, as well as guide-lines for interpreting radiation statistics and detailed analysis of protective measures, both individual and environmental. Now updated by a new generation of leading scholars and researchers, Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection will continue to serve global scientific and industrial research communities.

Known for its comprehensive coverage and up-to-date literature citations, this classic text provides students and instructors with the most complete coverage available of radiation detection and measurement.Over the decade that has passed since the publication of the 3rd edition, technical developments continue to enhance the instruments and techniques available for the detection and spectroscopy of ionizing radiation. The Fourth Edition of this invaluable resource incorporates the latest developments and cutting-edge technologies to make this the most up-to-date guide to the field available:? Covers many new materials that are emerging as scintillators that can achieve energy resolution that is better by a factor of two compared with traditional materials? Presents new material on ROC curves, micropattern gas detectors, new sensors for scintillation light, thick film semiconductors, and digital techniques in detector pulse processing

Sensors are effective tools used to carry out cost-effective, fast, and reliable sensing for a wide range of applications. This volume presents a brief history behind sensing technology and highlights a broad range of biosensing techniques based on optical and electrochemical response methods. Starting from the traditional enzyme-based biosensing method to functionalized nanostructure-based sensors, this book also provides a detailed overview of some of the advanced sensing methodologies based on photonic crystal cavity-based sensing devices.

Electrospun Polymers and Composites: Ultrafine Materials, High Performance Fibres and Wearables reviews the latest technological developments and innovations in electrospun polymers and composites, highlighting the multifunctionality of these ultrafine materials as high performance fibers. The book's chapters investigate a wide range of different electrospinning applications, including drug delivery, tissue scaffolding, fiber reinforcement and nanofiltration, with a particular focus on shape memory effect and the wearable characteristics of electrospun polymers and composites. This will be a valuable reference resource for research and for industrial communities working in the field of electrospinning.

Ideal for graduate students beginning research in optical quantum information processing, this textbook describes the techniques that are likely to be used in implementing optical quantum information processors. It presents the most important techniques of the field using worked examples and over 120 exercises.

Now available in paperback, The Quantum Theory of Fields is a self-contained, comprehensive, and up-to-date introduction to quantum field theory from Nobel Laureate Steven Weinberg. The first volume introduces the foundations of quantum field theory, the second volume examines modern applications, and finally the third volume presents supersymmetry.

A comprehensive, unified treatment of present-day nuclear physics-the fresh edition of a classic text/reference."A fine and thoroughly up-to-date textbook on nuclear physics . . . most welcome." -Physics Today (on the First Edition).What sets Introductory Nuclear Physics apart from other books on the subject is its presentation of nuclear physics as an integral part of modern physics. Placing the discipline within a broad historical and scientific context, it makes important connections to other fields such as elementary particle physics and astrophysics.Now fully revised and updated, this Second Edition explores the changing directions in nuclear physics, emphasizing new developments and current research-from superdeformation to quark-gluon plasma. Author Samuel S.M. Wong preserves those areas that established the First Edition as a standard text in university physics departments, focusing on what is exciting about the discipline and providing a concise, thorough, and accessible treatment of the fundamental aspects of nuclear properties.

Richard Feynman was the first to propose the idea of applying the laws of quantum physics to perform computational tasks in 1982. David Deutsch then generalised the notion of a Turing machine to the quantum realm, in-troducing the notion of a universal quantum computer. In this system, the bit (the classical unit of information) is replaced by the quantum bit or qubit. The quantum superposition principle allows the qubit to be in any superposition state a 0⟩ + b 1⟩, instead of being in just one of the two states 0 or 1 as a classical bit. This "quantum parallelism" is the key property of a quantum computer, which provides access to an exponentially larger set of states to process information. It makes it possible to simulate quantum systems that classical computers cannot afford due to their size. It could also solve new tasks, as creating true random numbers, and improve others such as the database searching, and prime number factorisation.

This thesis addresses 2 challenges in biomaterials research: 1) diffusion phenomena in Ti-Al-Nb alloys as materials for structural applications; and 2) the development of magnetic hyperthermia therapies against cancer more efficient and less invasive. Both challenges share a characteristic physical ground, which is the guideline of this work: they are based on transfer phenomena, mass transfer in the first case, and heat transfer in the second.

This book integrates the foundations of quantum computing with a hands-on coding approach to this emerging field; it is the first to bring these elements together in an updated manner. This work is suitable for both academic coursework and corporate technical training.The second edition includes extensive updates and revisions, both to textual content and to the code. Sections have been added on quantum machine learning, quantum error correction, Dirac notation and more. This new edition benefits from the input of the many faculty, students, corporate engineering teams, and independent readers who have used the first edition.This volume comprises three books under one cover: Part I outlines the necessary foundations of quantum computing and quantum circuits. Part II walks through the canon of quantum computing algorithms and provides code on a range of quantum computing methods in current use. Part III covers the mathematical toolkit required to master quantum computing. Additional resources include a table of operators and circuit elements and a companion GitHub site providing code and updates.Jack D. Hidary is a research scientist in quantum computing and in AI at Alphabet X, formerly Google X.

Quantum Continuous Variables introduces the theory of continuous variable quantum systems, from its foundations based on the framework of Gaussian states to modern developments, including its applications to quantum information and forthcoming quantum technologies. This new book addresses the theory of Gaussian states, operations, and dynamics in great depth and breadth, through a novel approach that embraces both the Hilbert space and phase descriptions.The volume includes coverage of entanglement theory and quantum information protocols, and their connection with relevant experimental set-ups. General techniques for non-Gaussian manipulations also emerge as the treatment unfolds, and are demonstrated with specific case studies.

Cada vez son más las aplicaciones de la física nuclear en diversos campos, como la medicina, la producción de energía o la industria. Asimismo, constituye una parte importante de las investigaciones en ciencia basica en si misma, como elemento auxiliar (biologia), o como preparacion para otras materias (fisica de particulas). Este volumeno no pretende ser una exposicion teorica detallada sobre esta disciplina, que puede encontrarse en cualquiera de las muchas obras ya publicadas, sino que, mediante la realizacion de problemas practicos, pretende convertirse en una eficaz ayuda en el estudio y comprension de la fisica nuclear.