Uno de los aspectos fundamentales de la historia de la física es el estudio de la interacción entre la luz y la materia, cuyas manifestaciones más notables son la dispersión cromática y la absorción de luz. Este manual presenta, con diverso grado de detalle e intentando conectarlas entre si, las teorias clasica y semiclasica, asi como la teoria cuantica antigua, ademas de incluir un ultimo capitulo dedicado especificamente a la historia de la dispersion optica.

Optic explores optical effects in contemporary graphic design.Some art forms have had more of an impact on the language of graphic design than others, but not many have helped contribute the same dynamism, energy and vitality as Op Art. Graphic designers today are rediscovering the optical art of the 1960s with delight, revelling in its experimentation and unexpected outcomes.It is the purpose of Optic to attempt a survey of optical effects in graphic design and to help distinguish their various forms.Cover features an applied spinning optical disc, with three different colourways (green, yellow and grey) - orders will be selected at random.

Explore the intersection of computer science, physics, and electrical and computer engineering with this discussion of the engineering of quantum computersIn Principles of Superconducting Quantum Computers, a pair of distinguished researchers delivers a comprehensive and insightful discussion of the building of quantum computing hardware and systems. Bridging the gaps between computer science, physics, and electrical and computer engineering, the book focuses on the engineering topics of devices, circuits, control, and error correction.Using data from actual quantum computers, the authors illustrate critical concepts from quantum computing. Questions and problems at the end of each chapter assist students with learning and retention, while the text offers descriptions of fundamentals concepts ranging from the physics of gates to quantum error correction techniques.The authors provide efficient implementations of classical computations, and the book comes complete with a solutions manual and demonstrations of many of the concepts discussed within. It also includes:A thorough introduction to qubits, gates, and circuits, including unitary transformations, single qubit gates, and controlled (two qubit) gatesComprehensive explorations of the physics of single qubit gates, including the requirements for a quantum computer, rotations, two-state systems, and Rabi oscillationsPractical discussions of the physics of two qubit gates, including tunable qubits, SWAP gates, controlled-NOT gates, and fixed frequency qubitsIn-depth examinations of superconducting quantum computer systems, including the need for cryogenic temperatures, transmission lines, S parameters, and moreIdeal for senior-level undergraduate and graduate students in electrical and computer engineering programs, Principles of Superconducting Quantum Computers also deserves a place in the libraries of practicing engineers seeking a better understanding of quantum computer systems.

En la actualidad el óptico optometrista ejerce una profesión sanitaria que tiene competencias eminentemente sociales, entre las que destacan las de asesoramiento, comunicación y orientación en diagnósticos, tratamientos o indicaciones terapeuticas, todo e

Describing the phase of an electromagnetic field mode or harmonic oscillator has been an obstacle since the early days of modern quantum theory. The quantum phase operator was even more problematic with the invention of the maser and laser in the 1950s and 1960s. This problem was not solved until the Pegg-Barnett formalism was developed in the 1980s.Edited by one of the scientists who created this key solution, The Quantum Phase Operator: A Review charts the development of phase and angle operators from their first appearance to modern theory. Bringing together vital works that have been published on the subject, the book presents the ideas that led to the current theory of the phase operator and provides a complete picture of the progress that has followed since then. With introductions by the editors to put the papers in context and unify the content of the book, each section focuses on a different aspect of phase operators.The editors also chronologically organize the papers within the sections to highlight how scientific thought has evolved, if at all, over time. A collection of important relevant material that is scattered throughout the literature, this volume chronicles the history of the various facets of the quantum phase operator, promoting a solid foundation in quantum theory.

Provides a semi-quantitative approach to recent developments in the study of optical properties of condensed matter systemsFeaturing contributions by noted experts in the field of electronic and optoelectronic materials and photonics, this book looks at the optical properties of materials as well as their physical processes and various classes. Taking a semi-quantitative approach to the subject, it presents a summary of the basic concepts, reviews recent developments in the study of optical properties of materials and offers many examples and applications.

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La luz pone en conexión múltiples esferas del conocimiento del ser humano (física, química, biología, astronomía, ingeniería, arte?); además, los fenómenos ópticos y las tecnologías relacio

Coherent and lucid a valuable summary of a subject to which [the authors] have made significant contributions by their own research." "Contemporary Physics "Offering an admirably clear account of the basic principles behind all quantum optical resonance phenomena, and hailed as a valuable contribution to the literature of nonlinear optics, this distinguished work provides graduate students and research physicists probing fields such as laser physics, quantum optics, nonlinear optics, quantum electronics, and resonance optics an ideal introduction to the study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. The book first examines the applicability of the two-level model for atoms to real atoms, then explores semiclassical radiation theory, and derives the optical Bloch equations. It then examines Rabi inversion, optical nutation, free-induction decay, coherent optical transient effects, light amplification, superradiance, and photon echoes in solids and gases. Before the publication of this book, much of the material discussed was widely scattered in other books and research journals. This comprehensive treatment brings it together in one convenient resource. The style of writing is clear and informal and the emphasis throughout is always on the physics of the processes taking place. There are numerous helpful illustrations, excellent introductions to each chapter, and lists of references for further reading. "The authors have endeavored to create a primer for the field of optical resonance they have succeeded admirably. Their coverage of the subject is remarkably complete." "IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

With this fully updated second edition, readers will gain a detailed understanding of the physics and applications of modern X-ray and EUV radiation sources. Taking into account the most recent improvements in capabilities, coverage is expanded to include new chapters on free electron lasers (FELs), laser high harmonic generation (HHG), X-ray and EUV optics, and nanoscale imaging; a completely revised chapter on spatial and temporal coherence; and extensive discussion of the generation and applications of femtosecond and attosecond techniques. Readers will be guided step by step through the mathematics of each topic, with over 300 figures, 50 reference tables and 600 equations enabling easy understanding of key concepts. Homework problems, a solutions manual for instructors, and links to YouTube lectures accompany the book online. This is the 'go-to' guide for graduate students, researchers and industry practitioners interested in X-ray and EUV interaction with matter.

Este libro está dirigido a estudiantes de física y carreras afines, a quienes busca proporcionar un conocimiento general de la óptica, tales como las leyes fundamentales de la óptica geométrica, las propiedades de lentes, espejos y prismas; los instrumentos opticos, los efectos de refraccion, espectroscopia, anisotropia, electro-opticos y magneto-opticos; la teoria cuantica de la luz, los propiedades de los laseres y las unidades radiometricas. Esta nueva edicion privilegia los conceptos elementales y aquellos mas recientes -desconocidos aun por muchos estudiantes no especializados. Esta constituido por 23 capitulos repartidos en dos partes: la primera aborda la optica geometrica, mientras que la segunda trata la optica fisica. El autor ha agregado numerosos apartados que actualizan los avances en materia experimental, como Resolucion de un telescopio astronomico y optica activa, Microscopio Confocal, Lectores de Disco Compacto (cd y dvd), por ejemplo.

Esta nueva edición de Óptica, ha estado guiada por tres imperativos principales: -Mejorar los aspectos pedagógicos. -Seguir modernizando el tratamiento (por ejemplo, con información ampliada sobre fotones, fasores y teoria de Fourier). -Actualizar el contenido para mantener el ritmo de los avances tecnologicos (por ejemplo, el libro habla ahora de interferometros y metamateriales). La optica es un campo en rapida evolucion y la presente edicion se refuerza por proporcionar un enfoque actualizado de la disciplina, sin dejar de centrase asimismo en la pedagogia. Como resultado, en la presente 5ª edicion se abordan docenas de pequeños elementos de refuerzo que ocupan las cuestiones no suficientemente definidas con anterioridad. Se ha estudiado la exactitud y la precision de cada elemento grafico y se han modificado cuando se ha considerado necesario para mejorar la legibilidad y la eficacia pedagogica.

This book provides a comprehensiveoverview of the theory and practical development of metamaterial-based perfectabsorbers (MMPAs). It begins with a brief history of MMPAs whichreviews the various theoretical and experimental milestones in theirdevelopment. The theoretical background and fundamental working principles ofMMPAs are then discussed, providing the necessary background on how MMPAs workand are constructed. There then follows asection describing how different MMPAs are designed and built according to theoperating frequency of the electromagnetic wave, and how theirbehavior is changed. Methods of fabricating and characterizing MMPAs are thenpresented.

La luz es fundamental para entender lo que nos rodea. Es un elemento básico del universo e incluso algunos aspectos esenciales de este, como la vida, no serían posibles sin ella. Con motivo del Año Internacional de la Luz, este libro pretende explicar las bases de lo que, actualmente, sabemos sobre las propiedades de la luz y su interaccion con otros objetos, poniendo especial enfasis en las aplicaciones tecnologicas. En particular, se describe la relacion de la luz con el universo, la vida, la vision, las moleculas, la atmosfera, la materia. La iluminacion, la comunicacion, la nanociencia y la energia.

This book discusses statistical methods that are useful for treating problems in modern optics, and the application of these methods to solving a variety of such problems

This book deals with the physical processes that take place in lasers. The author considers three groups of problems: how to get inverted active media, the formation of a radiation field in a resonator, and the dynamics of the processes in lasers. This work analyzes different directions in the development of lasers: dye lasers, compressed-gas lasers, recombining plasma lasers, unstable resonators, synchronization of longitudinal and transverse modes, etc. Also, the author presents a systematic examination of the methods, different approaches and approximations used in laser theory.The book is intended for scientists and engineers working in the field of laser technology, as well as teachers and students of physical sciences.

Durante los últimos quince años, esta potente herramienta para la obtención de información estructural y microestructural y para el análisis cuantitativo de fases a partir de difractogramas de polv

En los últimos años la óptica integrada está experimentando una considerable expansión. Las causas principales son los crecientes requerimientos de componentes ópticos de gran estabilidad y tamaño reducido, para su uso en tecnologia de comunicaciones, y el intento de desarrollo de componentes que permitan construir computadores opticos.Este libro permite aprender a dar los primeros pasos en fundamentos teoricos y metodos de calculo. Los autores han llevado a cabo un laborioso trabajo de sintesis, que facilita la comprension de los fundamentos teoricos. Por otra parte se presenta un gran numero de ejemplos con resultados calculados por los autores, que son una buena guia para chequear el estado de aprendizaje.