eBooks de Divulgación científica, página 14 de 122

In life, we often face unavoidable complexities in terms of our ability to understand or influence outcomes. Some questions which arise due to these complexities are: Why cant the future be made certain? Why do the some people or events always end up at the center of controversy? Why do only a select few get ahead of their peers? Each question pertains to three central elements of complexities and these elements are: uncertainty, inequality and unfairness.Simplifying Complexity explains the scientific study of complex cognitive networks, as well as the methods scientists use to parse difficult problems into manageable pieces. Readers are introduced to scientific methodology and thought processes, followed by a discourse on perspectives on the three elements of complexity through concepts such as normal and non-normal statistics, scaling and complexity management. Simplifying Complexity combines basic cognitive science and scientific philosophy for both advanced students (in the fields of sociology, cognitive science, complex networks and change management) and for general readers looking for a more scientific guide to understanding and managing the nature of change in a complex world.

Genome science or genomics is essential to advancing knowledge in the fields of biology and medicine. Specifically, researchers learn about the molecular biology behind genetic expression in living organisms and related methods of treating human genetic diseases (including gene therapy). Advances in Genome Science is an e-book series which provides a multi-disciplinary view of some of the latest developments in genome research, allowing readers to capture the essence and diversity of genomics in contemporary science. The fourth volume of this ebook series features a selection of articles covering the genetic mechanisms in the development of specific plants (orchids, thale cress), Prader-Willi Syndrome, enzyme genetics (tyrosine kinase inhibitors and fungal laccases) and much more.

This book explores cutting-edge biocarbon polymer composites. The book brings together nine edited chapters that explore the development, properties, and applications of these eco-friendly materials, highlighting their potential to transform industries and reduce the environmental impact of traditional polymers. Spanning a range of critical topics, this book begins with an introduction to biocarbon and polymer materials, providing a solid foundation. It then progresses into the latest research on biocarbon sources, processing techniques, and characterization methods. Subsequent chapters cover the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of biocarbon polymer composites, along with their applications in diverse industries such as automotive, construction, and packaging. Contributors highlight real-world case studies and examples to showcase the practical relevance of these materials. Readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of the science and technology behind biocarbon polymer composites, enabling them to make informed decisions in materials selection and development. In an era of increasing environmental consciousness, this book emphasizes the eco-friendly nature of biocarbon composites, offering sustainable alternatives to traditional plastics. Additionally, this book bridges the information gaps between different disciplines and it is intended for a wide range of readers, from materials scientists and engineers to environmentalists and industry policymakers. Readership: Researchers and scientists in materials science and engineering; Professionals in industries seeking sustainable alternatives to traditional plastics; Environmentalists and policymakers interested in promoting eco-friendly materials; Academics and students studying materials science, polymer chemistry, and sustainable technologies; Innovators and entrepreneurs looking to capitalize on emerging materials trends

Where Did They Come From? The Origins of South American Fauna offers a fascinating journey into the origins of South American flora and fauna. Exploring life on the continent before and after the breakup of Gondwana, it delves into how creatures arrived in South America, be it through drifting across oceans or traversing land bridges. From birds and reptiles to mammals and fish, this book provides a comprehensive compendium of biological diversity, discussing their origins and evolutionary paths. Readers will gain insights into the mechanisms of animal dispersal, evolution, and the impact of the Great Biotic Interchange. The book also lists references for further exploration of the subject. The book is structured into five parts: Building South America: Covers tectonic movements, climate changes, and breaching isolation. Shaping South America: Explores the landforms and diverse biomes across the continent. Vertebrates within South America: Discusses unique amphibians, reptiles, fish, mammals, and birds that evolved on the continent. Vertebrates immigrating to South America: Examines exotic reptiles, birds, and mammals that found their way to the continent. The author also lists the families of almost all genera of South American animals, while giving knowledge of their origins. Recent Arrivals - the Great Biotic Interchange: Explores the significant interchange of various species that occurred later. Ideal for students, biologists, and anyone curious about the natural world, this book is a captivating read that uncovers the incredible history of South American fauna and its evolutionary tapestry.

Modern Wood HarvestingExpertise from professional practice for use in professional practiceLearn the necessary basic theory, and using case studies and practical examples become familiar with modern wood harvesting and forestry techniques. The following areas in particular are discussed in detail: Fundamental principles and technical terms Planning and organisation of wood harvesting tasks The most important wood harvesting procedures State-of-the-art forestry techniques Eco-friendly use of technology Hauling and debarking wood Wood storage and transport, logistics Logging models Occupational health and safety

Anthropogenic changes in the environment, caused by 250 years of economic growth and utilization of fuel and mineral resources, have considerably impacted the natural environment. The resulting physical and chemical alterations to the Earths sphere and our adaptive responses in the biosphere are detailed in this reference book. Readers will learn about concepts relevant to Earths history, the evolution of life, economy, ecology, environmental history, biology, and medicine and how these concepts can be linked to environmental change. The scope of this interdisciplinary work entails to convey the true degree of responsibility for the universal consequences of ecosystem degradation resulting from industrial processing, human consumption and the transformation of natural sites due to industrialization and urbanization.Topics covered in the book include:-ecosystem transformations by natural and anthropogenic forces-the Anthropocene epoch-a short history of industrialization-environmental sites and the impact of socio-economic influences -the current environmental crisis,This textbook is intended for graduate students in economics, civil engineering, architecture, agronomics, forestry, technical and mining sciences, political sciences, business studies and humanities. General readers who wish to understand the basic philosophy behind environmental studies and their relation to human activity can also benefit from this book.

Tropical Diseases: An Overview of Major Diseases Occurring in the Americas offers an overview of neglected tropical diseases found in the Americas. Information in the book addresses the understanding of challenges faced in controlling these diseases and brings new insight on many important aspects of these diseases. Chapters of this volume explore many related topics, including epidemiological data, immune response and pathogenesis, and the current methods for diagnosis and treatment, thus providing a useful resource for readers (undergraduate, graduate and Ph.D. students as well as biologists and medical researchers). Key features of this book include:clear and objective topic-by-topic information on tropical diseases in the American region with additional information about diseases in other regionsuseful knowledge for research projects and clinical practice written by experienced health professionalscoverage of several diseases such as cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar), Chagas disease, sleeping sickness, schistosomiasis, dengue fever, bacterial infections, fungal systemic infection and tuberculosis.information on key strategies for disease control including improved diagnostics, in silico drug development and vaccine control

Frontiers in Nanomedicine offers an up-to-date understanding of nanomaterials to readers having clinical or biomolecular research interests. Scientists, both aspiring and experienced, will find, in each volume, a comprehensive overview of current molecular strategies for using nanoscale materials in medicine. Nanomedicine and Neurosciences: Advantages, Limitations and Safety Aspects presents different aspects of nanomedicine applied to neuroscience for the diagnosis of disease and the role of nanoparticles in targeted drug delivery systems for neurodegenerative disorders. Topics covered in this volume cover the physiology of neurodegeneration, targeted therapies for Alzheimers disease and Parkinsons disease, blood brain barrier drug delivery systems, in vivo studies of drug nanoconjugates, nanomedicine safety, and more.

Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research Anti infectives is an eBook series that brings updated reviews to readers interested in learning about advances in the development of pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of infectious diseases. The scope of the eBook series covers a range of topics including the chemistry, pharmacology, molecular biology and biochemistry of natural and synthetic drugs employed in the treatment of infectious diseases. Reviews in this series also include research on multi drug resistance and pre-clinical / clinical findings on novel antibiotics, vaccines, antifungal agents and antitubercular agents. Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research Anti infectives is a valuable resource for pharmaceutical scientists and postgraduate students seeking updated and critically important information for developing clinical trials and devising research plans in the field of anti infective drug discovery and epidemiology.The fourth volume of this series features reviews that cover a variety of topics including: -Strategies to prolong antibiotic life-Catalytic antibodies for targeting rabies and influenza viruses-Antiviral therapies for arenaviruses-The role of steroids in viral infections-Monoclonal antibody manufacturing processes-Prevention and eradication of biofilms in medical devices

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. It presents comprehensive articles written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations. Contributions are written by eminent scientists and each volume is edited by an authority in the field. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in the academia and industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field. This volume presents reviews on the following topics:Small molecules that influence protein foldingRecent advances in peptide and protein synthesisBioorthogonal coupling for imaging and radiotherapyXanthenedione synthesisHeterogeneous catalysis in organic synthesis

Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Alzheimer Disorders is a book series concerned with Alzheimers disease (AD) that causes dementia, or loss of brain function. The disease affects the parts of the brain that deal with memory, thought, and language. Chapters in each volume focus on (Alzheimer Disorders) drug research with special emphasis on clinical trials, research on drugs in advanced stages of development and cure for Alzheimers disease and related disorders. Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Alzheimer Disorders will be of particular interest to readers interested in drug therapy of this specific neurodegenerative condition and related brain disorders as the series provides relevant reviews written by experts in field of Alzheimers Disease research. The sixth volume of this series features chapters covering critical discussions on AD management and new therapies. The topics reviewed in this volume include:- treatment of brain inflammation in Alzheimers disease with traditional medicine- stem cell strategies for the modeling and therapy of Alzheimers disease- retinal neurodegeneration in Alzheimers disease- biological mass spectrometry for diagnosis of Alzheimers diseaseand more.

Microalgae could play an important role in the achievement of sustainability goals related to the generation of renewable energy and the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These photosynthetic microorganisms are able to capture CO2 and their biomass can be used to produce biofuels such as ethanol, methane and biodiesel. Other factors, such as their high growth rate, ability to use wastewater as a culture medium and the ability to grow on non-arable land makes them a potentially economical source of biofuel production on a large scale.This monograph introduces the reader to the basic and applied science of microalgal biofuel production. 17 chapters in the volume give information about bioethanol and biogas production from microalgal sources, the fermentation process, optimization of culture parameters and industrial applications of biomass projects, between other topics.The book is a useful reference for biotechnology and environmental science graduates and professionals interested in biofuel production.

This textbook primarily explains the construction of the classical fluid model to readers in a holistic manner. Secondly, the book also explains some possible modifications of the classical fluid model which either make the model applicable in some special cases (viscous or turbulent fluids) or simplify it in accordance with the specific mechanical properties (hydrostatics, two-dimensional flows, boundary layers, etc.). The book explains theoretical concepts in two parts. The first part is dedicated to the derivation of the classical model of the perfect fluid. The second part of the book covers important modifications to the fluid model which account for calculations of momentum, force and the laws of energy conservation. Concepts in this section include the redefinition of the stress tensor in cases of viscous or turbulent flows and laminar and turbulent boundary layers. The text is supplemented by appropriate exercises and problems which may be used in practical classes. These additions serve to teach students how to work with complex systems governed by differential equations. Classical Fluid Mechanics is an ideal textbook for students undertaking semester courses on fluid physics and mechanics in undergraduate degree programs.

A Quantum system can be viewed as a larger closed system comprising of two components: an open quantum system and its surrounding environment. These two components interact with each other, and in the realm of theoretical physics, this interaction cannot be neglected. This eBook explains mathematical and statistical concepts essential for describing a realistic quantum system by presenting recent contributions in this field. The book commences by explaining the basics of quantum mechanics, statistical physics, and physics of open quantum systems. Detailed methods of deriving theoretical equations with explicit analytical coefficients with respect to open quantum systems are also explained. The book concludes with the study of a quantum heat converter in the framework of an all-microscopic theory involving fermions, photons, and phonons.Readers of this book will gain a better understanding on the following topics:· Quantum mechanics including the Boson and Fermion states, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein statistics, spin-statistics relation, many-body systems of Bosons and Fermions, the Fermi-Dirac integrals of the Fermion state densities, and transport phenomena in semiconductors.· Dissipative dynamics and quantum systems such as friction, diffusion, friction-diffusion relation, mobility, occupation probability dynamics, damping, spectral width, correlation and autocorrelation, memory, stability, bifurcation, self-organization, and chaos.· Lindblads theory of open quantum systems through the work of Alicki and Lendi.· Quantum tunneling as an interaction with a system.· Optical bistability, including the fundamental contributions of Carmichael, McCall, and Bonifacio.· Master equations based on the microscopic theory of Ford, Lewis, and OConnell.· Field propagation in a semiconductor structure.· Coherent light propagation in the framework of a microscopic model including the refractive index and the Raman frequency shift.· Heat conversion in the framework of an all-microscopic model of open quantum systems.· Entropy dynamics in a matter field system.

This monograph explains the physiological, biochemical and behavioral processes of male bat reproduction. Chapters cover spermatogenesis, sperm ultrastructure, reproductive homeostasis, apoptotic processes, sperm maturation, sperm storage in female bats, and sexual selection processes. The volume also presents studies focused on the reproductive physiology of Mexican cave bat species.This monograph is a suitable reference for undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as researchers interested in chiropteran reproductive biology.

Applications of NMR Spectroscopy is a book series devoted to publishing the latest advances in the applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in various fields of organic chemistry, biochemistry, health and agriculture.The sixth volume of the series features reviews focusing on NMR spectroscopic techniques for studying tautomerism, applications in medical diagnosis, in food chemistry and identifying secondary metabolites.

Stem cell and regenerative medicine research is a hot area of research which promises to change the face of medicine as it will be practiced in the years to come. Challenges in the 21st century to combat diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer and related diseases may well be addressed employing stem cell therapies and tissue regeneration. Frontiers in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research is essential reading for researchers seeking updates in stem cell therapeutics and regenerative medicine. The fifth volume of this series features reviews on vascular regeneration, neuronal tissue grafting in animal CNS disease models, template mediated biomineralization in bones, corneal endothelium differentiation and stem cell uses for managing hepatocellular carcinoma.

A Journey Through Water: A Scientific Exploration of The Most Anomalous Liquid on Earth, is a monograph about water at molecular level. The monograph explores how its peculiar properties are related to its molecular structure. Readers are introduced to water through information about water in a wider perspective, properties of its liquid state, experimental techniques for molecular level investigations of liquid water, and computer simulation techniques. This is followed by chapters explaining the structural properties and principal applications of various phases of water (water as a normal liquid, supercooled water, ice and supercritical water). Key features of this reference include:- easy to understand, sequential and structured text making this reference ideal for readers with limited scientific knowledge of water physics- a list of institutions where water research is promoted in larger scales - 130 figures which supplement the text - an explanation of ten principal anomalies of water and associated theoriesThe book is an excellent resource for novice researchers (physicists, chemists and chemical engineers) working on water and laymen who are interested in furthering their understanding of this precious liquid.

Recent Advances in Analytical Techniques is a collection of updates in techniques used in chemical analysis. This volume presents information about a selection of analytical techniques. Readers will find information about:New methods of sample preparation in biological and environmental analysisDevelopments in electrochemical sensorsIn vivo cytometry for detection of tumor cellsFlow discharge spectroscopy for depth profile analysisAdvances in photodynamic therapyNew methods to analyze volatility in alcoholic beverages

This volume reviews the published knowledge about bioactive composites, protein scaffolds and hydrogels. Chapters also detail the production parameters and clarify the evaluation protocol for analysis or testing and scaffolding biomaterials. The volume concludes with a summary of applications of porous scaffold in medicine. Each chapter links basic scientific and engineering concepts to practical applications for the benefit of the reader.The text offers a wealth of information that will be of use to all students, bioengineers, materials scientists, chemists and clinicians concerned with the properties, performance, and use of tissue engineering scaffolds from research engineers faced with designing the biomaterials and techniques to physicians and surgeons charged with shepherding the use of the scaffolds into the applied clinical settings.