This book presents the history, philosophy, and mathematics of the major systems of propositional logic. Classical logic, modal logics, many-valued logics, intuitionism, paraconsistent logics, and dependent implication are examined in separate chapters. Each begins with a motivation in the originators own terms, followed by the standard formal semantics, syntax, and completeness theorem. The chapters on the various logics are largely self-contained so that the book can be used as a reference. An appendix summarizes the formal semantics and axiomatizations of the logics. The view that unifies the exposition is that propositional logics comprise a spectrum: as the aspect of propositions under consideration varies, the logic varies. Each logic is shown to fall naturally within a general framework for semantics. A theory of translations between logics is presented that allows for further comparisons, and necessary conditions are given for a translation to preserve meaning. For this third edition the material has been re-organized to make the text easier to study, and a new section on paraconsistent logics with simple semantics has been added which challenges standard views on the nature of consequence relations. The text includes worked examples and hundreds of exercises, from routine to open problems, making the book with its clear and careful exposition ideal for courses or individual study.

Now in a new edition!--the classic presentation of the theory of computable functions in the context of the foundations of mathematics. Part I motivates the study of computability with discussions and readings about the crisis in the foundations of mathematics in the early 20th century while presenting the basic ideas of whole number, function, proof, and real number. Part II starts with readings from Turing and Post leading to the formal theory of recursive functions. Part III presents sufficient formal logic to give a full development of Godels incompleteness theorems. Part IV considers the significance of the technical work with a discussion of Churchs Thesis and readings on the foundations of mathematics. This new edition contains the timeline "Computability and Undecidability" as well as the essay "On mathematics".

O presente livro apresenta um panorama sobre os achados nos quadros comórbidos entre Altas Habilidades/Superdotação e transtornos neuropsiquiátricos ou deficiências. Os diagnósticos abordados aqui sã

O livro Processos afetivos e volutivos trata dos processos psicológicos do afeto e da volição. Os temas tratados são: senso ético, senso estético, senso do sublime, senso do cômico, vontade e livre a

O livro representa um marco no ensino das disciplinas que se encontram na interface entre a psicologia e outras áreas vinculadas às organizações e ao trabalho. Sua característica fundamental é aprese

Through Rider Biomechanics one gains a complete understanding of the biomechanics of the rider via a new understanding of fascia, the fabric of the body that links muscles into functional chains, rather like strings of sausages. Within both human and equine bodies these form lines of pull, affecting posture, movement, stability and mobility. Through clear how to descriptions, coupled with copious illustrations, the reader learns how to rebalance the tension within and between ones own lines of pull. The ultimate task is to use this developing awareness to rebalance the tension in the horse s line of pull, gaining much more influence over his carriage and movement. The secrets of talented riders are laid bare.

La trilogía que ha apasionado a más de medio millón de lectores, en un solo volumen.El viaje que propone Eduardo Punset es el más fascinante de cuantos podamos emprender. Empieza con la búsqueda de la felicidad, una aventura de final incierto a traves de todo aquello que nos puede conducir (o apartar) del objetivo, esto es: las emociones, el estres, los fl ujos hormonales, el envejecimiento, los factores sociales, economicos, culturales, religiosos Explora acto seguido los fundamentos del amor, el mas primordial de los instintos, sus canales de expresion y el secreto de su formula; y culmina en lo mas intimo del ser humano, lo que ocurre en el interior de cada uno, y el final de todo viaje: la mente, que es, a la postre, el unico poder. Un recorrido por la felicidad, el amor y el poder: las tres claves que mueven el mundo.

Trata-se de obra coletiva de professores, pesquisadores e profissionais da Psicologia sobre a produção e circulação de documentos escritos oriundos de avaliações, psicodiagnósticos e consultorias em

Rachel Carson a autora que revolucionou a discurssão ambiental no mundo moderno através dos seus livros e que em 2006 pelo jornal The Guardian a colocou em primeiro lugar na lista de pessoas que ma

São numerosos os problemas e as perspectivas resultantes do grande desenvolvimento das ciências médicas e biológicas nos últimos anos, parecendo que se chegou ao limiar de uma época em que muitas rea

El Año Internacional de la Luz y las Tecnologías Basadas en Luz 2015 fue una iniciativa global adoptada por las Naciones Unidas. Numerosas organizaciones culturales, académicas, industriales y gubernamentales alrededor del mundo unieron fuerzas para celebrar la luz y crear conciencia sobre las muchas maneras en que la fotonica impacta nuestras vidas en areas como la energia, educacion, cambio climatico, salud y bienestar social. De la iniciativa resultaron miles de actividades que involucraron a millones de personas en mas de 100 paises del mundo. Los temas de este volumen surgieron a lo largo de 2015 como los mas relevantes y con mayor interes. Se espera que este libro se convierta en un documento de consulta basica y un legado imborrable.

Ochenta años después de que Isaac Asimov popularizara sus leyes de la robótica en el ámbito de la ficción, el investigador en regulación de la inteligencia artificial Frank Pasquale las ha actualizado para que nos ayuden a controlar a los robots y los algoritmos que han ocupado nuestra realidad. A partir de cuatro nuevas leyes de la robotica, este libro examina como las herramientas de IA se estan aplicando en sanidad, justicia, periodismo o educacion, a menudo anteponiendo el beneficio economico o el ahorro de personal al bien de los pacientes, la ciudadania, los lectores o el alumnado. Y nos invita a reflexionar sobre como podemos hacer de las maquinas nuestras aliadas y no nuestras enemigas, para la construccion conjunta de un mundo mas justo, menos desigual, un poco mejor.

Una mirada fascinante al debate que cambió nuestra percepción de una de las características más fundamentales del universo: el tiempo.   El 6 de abril de 1922, en París, Albert Einstei

Pasamos toda nuestra vida en un solo cuerpo y, sin embargo, la mayoría de nosotros no tenemos prácticamente ni idea de cómo funciona y lo que sucede en su interior.En este Bestseller internacional, Bill Bryson sale de viaje para averiguar exactamente como funciona el cuerpo humano y pronto descubre que es infinitamente mas complejo, asombroso y a menudo, mas misterioso de lo que jamas habria esperado.Viajando desde el cerebro hasta las regiones inferiores y desde el comienzo de la vida hasta su fin, revela que somos una historia increible de exito. Y la historia de como hemos intentado dominar nuestra biologia y prevenir la enfermedad esta llena de heroes olvidados, anecdotas sorprendentes y hechos extraordinarios.Esta impresionante edicion ilustrada retrata vividamente lo que narra con cientos de ilustraciones historicas y modernas fotografias. Infinitamente fascinante, tan compulsivamente facil de leer como completo, este manual del usuario, de lectura obligada, es Bryson en todo su esplendor.

Pasamos toda nuestra vida en un solo cuerpo y, sin embargo, la mayoría de nosotros no tenemos prácticamente ni idea de cómo funciona y lo que sucede en su interior.En este Bestseller internacional, Bill Bryson sale de viaje para averiguar exactamente como funciona el cuerpo humano y pronto descubre que es infinitamente mas complejo, asombroso y a menudo, mas misterioso de lo que jamas habria esperado.Viajando desde el cerebro hasta las regiones inferiores y desde el comienzo de la vida hasta su fin, revela que somos una historia increible de exito. Y la historia de como hemos intentado dominar nuestra biologia y prevenir la enfermedad esta llena de heroes olvidados, anecdotas sorprendentes y hechos extraordinarios.Esta impresionante edicion ilustrada retrata vividamente lo que narra con cientos de ilustraciones historicas y modernas fotografias. Infinitamente fascinante, tan compulsivamente facil de leer como completo, este manual del usuario, de lectura obligada, es Bryson en todo su esplendor.

Economía de la energía es una obra esencial para profesionales y estudiantes universitarios interesados en conocer el funcionamiento del sector energético. Los autores del libro, Alfredo Dammert Lir

Every animal on the planet owes its existence to one crucial piece of evolutionary engineering: the egg. Its time to tell a new story of life on Earth. Jules Howards eggs-eye view of evolution is dripping with fascinating insightsALICE ROBERTS So much passion and poetic prose BBC Radio 4, Inside Science If you think of an egg, what do you see in your minds eye? A chicken egg, hard-boiled? A slimy mass of frogspawn? Perhaps you see a human egg cell, prepared on a microscope slide in a laboratory? Or the majestic marble-blue eggs of the blackbird?Every egg there has ever been, is an emblem of survival. Yet the evolution of the animal egg is the dramatic subplot missing in many accounts of how life on Earth came to be. Quite simply, without this universal biological phenomenon, animals as we know them, including us, could not have evolved and flourished. In Infinite Life, zoology correspondent Jules Howard takes the reader on a mind-bending journey from the churning coastlines of the Cambrian Period and Carboniferous coal forests, where insects were stirring, to the end of the age of dinosaurs when live-birthing mammals began their modern rise to power. Eggs would evolve from out of the sea; be set by animals into soils, sands, canyons and mudflats; be dropped in nests wrapped in silk; hung in stick nests in trees, covered in crystallised shells or secured by placentas. Whether belonging to birds, insects, mammals or millipedes, animal eggs are objects that have been shaped by their ecology, forged by mass extinctions and honed by natural selection to near-perfection. Finally, the epic story of their role in the tapestry of life can be told.In a book that brilliantly evokes past eras, Howard provides a new perspective on the history of life on Earth.The Mail on Sunday

«O meu autor preferido mais uma vez conseguiu. Os Números Não Mentem é de longe o seu livro mais acessível até agora, e recomendo-o vivamente a qualquer pessoa curiosa sobre o mundo. Recomendo este l

«A ética médica é um tema de enorme importância não apenas para os médicos, mas também para os doentes, os seus familiares e toda a sociedade. Numa altura em que a medicina apresenta enormes avanços

Now in his 95th year, James Lovelock has been hailed as "the man who conceived the first wholly new way of looking at life on earth since Charles Darwin? (Independent) and "the most profound scientific thinker of our time? (Literary Review). AA Rough Ride to the Future introduces two new Lovelockian ideas. The first is that three hundred years ago, when Thomas Newcomen invented the steam engine, he was unknowingly beginning what Lovelock calls "accelerated evolution,? a process that is bringing about change on our planet roughly a million times faster than Darwinian evolution. The second is that as part of this process, humanity has the capacity to become the intelligent part of Gaia, the self-regulating earth system whose discovery Lovelock first announced nearly fifty years ago. AA Rough Ride to the Future is also an intellectual autobiography, in which Lovelock reflects on his life as a lone scientist, and askseloquentlywhether his career trajectory is possible in an age of increased bureaucratization. AWe are now changing the atmosphere again, and Lovelock argues that there is little that can be done about this. But instead of feeling guilty, we should recognize what is happening, prepare for change, and ensure that we survive as a species so we can contribute toperhaps even guidethe next evolution of Gaia. The road will be rough, but if we are smart enough, life will continue on earth in some form far into the future.