The contributions to this volume are concerned with the Roman law of antiquity in its broadest sense, covering both private and public law from the Roman Republic to the Byzantine era, including legal papyrology. They also examine the reception of Roman law in Western Europe and its colonies (specifically the Dutch East Indies) from the Middle Ages to the promulgation of the German Burgerliche Gesetzbuch in 1900. They reflect the wide interests of Professor Boudewijn Sirks, whom the volume honours on the occasion of his retirement and whose work and career have transcended frontiers and nations.

Nahbeziehungen, die uber familiare und verwandtschaftliche Bindungen hinausgehen, haben sich zu einem vielbeachteten Thema interdisziplinarer Forschung entwickelt. Beziehungen wie Freundschaft, Patronage und soziale Netzwerke als Variationen sozialer Bindungen sind das Ergebnis unterschiedlicher historischer wie kultureller Kontexte und stellen deshalb einen wesentlichen, aber immer noch unterreprasentierten Gegenstand interdisziplinaren Forschens dar. Fragen nach sich andernden Freundschaftssemantiken, historischen und interkulturellen bzw. politischen Praktiken von Freundschaft, Patronage und Loyalitat standen im Mittelpunkt einer internationalen Tagung, die eine kritische Diskussion und Neubewertung von Werten und Normen, die z.B. Freundschaft in verschiedenen Kulturen und historischen Epochen konstituieren, sowie der sozialen Umstande, die diese Nahbeziehungen bedingen, vorgenommen hat. Aspekte wie Konstitution und Reprasentation von Korper und Gender und das Entstehen von Vertrauen und Betrug waren dabei ebenso von Interesse wie die kulturell und historisch unterschiedliche Praxis und Semantik von Freundschaft und Patronage sowie deren jeweilige Wahrnehmung in Abhangigkeit von ihrer gesellschaftlichen Situation in verschiedenen sozialen und historischen Kontexten. Die Ergebnisse dieser Tagung werden nun im vorliegenden Band prasentiert.

Every human life form encapsulates an idea of humankind and humanity. Today, this very idea is challenged by the various and diverging needs for cultural orientation in the age of globalization. One of the recent attempts to meet these challenges is provided by a new humanism with an intercultural intent. Such humanism can be conceptualized only by the collaborative efforts of different academic disciplines at exploring the human being as the gist of what is meant by humanity. Thus, this volume explores the pertinent fields of knowledge from the perspectives of philosophy, theology, anthropology, sociology, economy, psychology, neurobiology, history, and gender studies. Focusing on the guiding question of what is meant by being a human, the contributions of this volume encompass a fascinating spectrum of insights, which will orientate future discussions on humanity and humanism.

Relationships are the glue that holds the world together. As the author shows, this common belief applies to ancient Greece as much as to contemporary Aotearoa New Zealand. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork, this anthropological study dedicates itself to the topic of friendship this flexible type of sociality that has become increasingly significant in peoples lives throughout the world. At the core stand the friendship conceptions and life-worlds of Maori and Pakeha actors in New Zealand. By tracing out peoples "friendship worlds" in their wider societal context, the author takes up current debates surrounding issues of identity and sociality, indigeneity and diversity. By furthering our understanding of the social dynamics of friendship in New Zealand, the study not only contributes to the growing field of friendship research, it also reveals important implications for the understanding of group relations in a postcolonial, so-called "multicultural" society.

The diversity of interconnected cultures on a bounded planet requires more shared orientations. The humanities and politics have to face fundamental questions. What does a humanism look like that does not move too rapidly to universalize the views and historical experiences of the European or American world? How can we conceive of globality as a new entity without playing unity and diversity off against one another? Does a world culture that is becoming ever closely related in fact need common values or only rules of human exchange? How can we succeed at civilizing an ever-present ethnocentrism? How do we keep the terms "culture" and "humanity" from being misused as weapons in identity wars? Any realistic cosmopolitanism must proceed from an understanding of humankind as one entity without requiring us to re-design cultures to fit on with some sort of global template. Answers can be gained by deploying shared characteristics of humans as well as pan-cultural commonalities. This book offers an anthropologically informed foundation for addressing pertinent questions of intercultural exchange.

This collection of essays gives an overview on current developments in the field of education in the successor states of ex-Yugoslavia and the Republic of Moldova from the mid 1990s to today. The impact of nation- and state-building processes on the politics of history and on schooling are analysed against the background of the complex social and political transformations that have been taking place in the region; changes that are usually subsumed under the problematic and rather unspecific notion of transition. The book engages in such issues like: What is the role of international actors and which impact have interventions in education? What are the preconditions for lasting and sustainable reforms in education? What goals are inscribed in history textbook narratives? The book addresses these questions from an interdisciplinary perspective and offers insights into the complicated and ambiguous developments in the field of education in Southeast Europe during the last decade.

Crafting humans and its corollary human enhancement is a contested topic, both in medical sciences and the humanities. With continuing advances in science and technology, scientists and the general public alike are aware that the basic foundations of the human condition are now at stake. This volume contributes to this growing body of work. It offers insights into some of the reflections and imaginaries that have inspired and legitimated both theoretical and practical programmes for crafting humans, ranging from the religious/spiritualist and the philosophical/cultural to the secular and the scientific/scientistic; from the religious and mystical quest for human perfection to the biopolitical eugenic state of the twentieth century, and current theories of human enhancement. This volume discusses these topics in a synchronized way, as interrelated variants of the most central story in history, that of human perfectibility.

This volume tells the story of the importance of the Confucian traditions and why and how Confucian texts were reinterpreted within the different ambiances and contexts around East Asia. The vitality of East Asian Confucianisms stems from the desire of Confucian thinkers to interpret the core values of the Confucian classics in line with conditions and changes in their own times and location. Although all the interpretations that were advanced in China, Korea and Japan were specific to their own era, they do still share some themes. This book reveals that East Asian Confucianisms forms an intellectual community that is transnational and multi-lingual and has evolved in interaction between Confucian universal values and the local conditions present in each East Asian country.

What are the constitutive elements of different forms of social relationships? This volume includes contributions from a range of academic disciplines and case studies drawn from different cultures, time periods and geographical spaces. It does not only focus on practices and semantics of belonging but also takes a closer look at how communities and individual bonds are constantly re-negotiated and disrupted. The chapters discuss how communities come into being, what gives them coherence, how they deal with conflicts and challenges to their underlying structures and modes of self-representation.

Discovering the Human investigates the emergence of the modern human sciences and their impact on literature, art and other media in the 18th and the 19th centuries. Up until the 1830s, science and culture were part of a joint endeavour to discover and explore the secret of life. The question What is life? unites science and the arts during the Ages of Enlightenment and Romanticism, and at the end of the Romantic period, a shift of focus from the human as an organic whole to the specialized disciplines signals the dawning of modernity. The emphasis of the edited collection is threefold: the first part sheds light on the human in art and science in the Age of Enlightenment, the second part is concerned with the transitions taking place at the turn of the 19th century. The chapters forming the third part investigate the impact of different media on the concept of the human in science, literature and film.

"Holy Landscape" is a term frequently used to describe a multidimensional phenomenon. What this actually comprises is hard to define. Precisely this question is addressed in this volume. The "holy landscape" depends on peoples Weltanschauung and is influenced by their respective culture and ethos. It is not just a question of religious buildings and rituals, nor is a mere matter of explicating terms such as "pure" and "impure", magic and myths; it is about an expressive space in which the "ceremony and mood of rites and cults" take place.The contributions also deal with the emergence and continuing development of the term "holy landscape" and the changing expressions of religious mood.

Contemporary theories of modernity recognize the plurality or "multiplicity" of modernities. Often the differences are seen as institutional or cultural differences. Although this sort of research is important it cannot be ignored that it does not provide a clear understanding of the "human consequences". The tradition that today is known under the name of Critical Theory, on the contrary, has been interested always first of all in the human consequences. This book wants to follow this ambition. The question it tries to search answers for is: what are the experiences that human beings are making in and within global modernity? Another question is important: what are the affinities and what are the differences. Also Critical Theory was mainly interested in the Western experiences with and within global modernity. The book will challenge this limited view by looking how modernities is experienced in other parts of the world.

This book is about textbooks, textbook quality and quality standards of textbooks. From a theoretical point of view, in the light of Bahtins theory of speech genres, school textbooks are seen as a specific, complex genre, defined by the addressee. At the same time, this approach requires us to see textbooks as a cultural product. From an educational point of view, textbooks are, according to Vygotskys theory of cultural development, a key socio-cultural aid to cognitive development in school years. Forty-three quality standards are operationally defined and explained. They can be used for compiling textbooks, for textbook accreditations, for textbook evaluation and for selection by teachers.

History texts studied by students in schools are an important field for drawing boundaries between nations, beliefs, ethnic groups and countries, sometimes causing disputes and protests. Even in the democratic and peaceful Nordic countries, history texts carry a message of authorized content knowledge and situated values. At the same time, they are meant to foster the critical mind, a skillfull eye and a tolerant spirit.In this volume, scholars from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden explore the question of "Us and the Others" in Nordic textbooks and educational media and focus on teachers opinions and use of history texts, partly based on a survey among Nordic history teachers in elementary and secondary schools. The questions dealt with are of national identity and multiculturalism, sameness and difference, content and pedagogy, skills and values, goals of history education and teachers situations. The scholars and teachers compare the educational and societal aims with the actual teaching materials at hand. The potentialities and limitations of textbooks and other educational media are investigated and discussed.

Equilíbrio Interior: Estratégias Práticas para Gerir o Stress e Encontrar a Serenidade é um livro inspirador que oferece insights e ferramentas valiosas para ajudar os leitores a alcançarem um estado de equilibrio emocional e serenidade nas suas vidas. Com orientaçes praticas, aborda temas como gesto do stress, autoestima, confiança, mindfulness e meditaço. Esta obra e um guia essencial para quem procura viver uma vida mais equilibrada, repleta de bem-estar e serenidade.

In times of conflicts and crises, an argument insisting on the humane is commonly heard. In wars, voices demanding a humane treatment of prisoners as decreed by the Geneva Convention will be raised. Opposition to social injustice may be framed in a collected call for a humane society. Even educational systems may insist on having a humane perspective among its leading causes. Words referring to man humane, but also humanistic, humanitarian, even humanity thus take on status of ideals for mankind. Man, in common and legal speech, thus becomes the conceptual marker of his own perfection. The subject of this book is the early history of this linguistic feature and in particular its argumentative use, from its starting point till early modern times.

Este ensayo, escrito en primera persona por los autores, que han convivido con sus fuentes –lo que les permite expresiones de una cotidianidad no usual en la literatura científica–, propone una teorí

El autismo es una criatura reciente. Pero, pese a su escaso tiempo de existencia, ha dado lugar a un profundo debate entre psiquiatría y neurología, abandonando a veces el enfoque social. Este libro nos propone entender el autismo como un trastorno que no se pliega a la simplificacion biologista a la que tiende la psiquiatria.Para ayudar en el sufrimiento de quien lo padece y de su entorno, conviene aplicar multitud de enfoques, ajustandolos a las necesidades particulares del paciente. En espera de tratamientos farmacologicos mas utiles y especificos que los actuales, aun insuficientes, resulta imprescindible complementarlos con un enfoque social y un tratamiento que incluya la relacion terapeutica en una perspectiva integradora de tratamientos y enfoques.Alberto Lasa propone un encuadre psiquiatrico a contracorriente. En un momento en que los ritmos humanos adoptan una velocidad vertiginosa, defiende una psiquiatria pausada, en la que el tiempo para la reflexion sea mas importante que el tiempo de la accion. El objetivo es simple: mejorar la vida de las personas autistas, permitiendo que superen situaciones que limitan sus capacidades y libertades.

Ortega y Gasset said that "man is man and his circumstances." Similarly, the author takes us through the most diverse landscapes of research on the central nervous system, specifically on those aspects that affect the most intimate of human beings as such, and the historical circumstances in which the neuroscientist knowledge milestones are have taken place. This book touches almost all disciplines of neuroscience and the author does joining each other with a memorable insight.

Este livro apresenta diferentes tópicos relacionados ao campo de estudo das relações interpessoais no transcorrer do desenvolvimento humano. A obra contempla temas pertinentes a questões de relaciona