John Stuart Mill

Two cornerstones of liberalism from the great social radical of English philosophy John Stuart Mill was a prodigious thinker who sharply challenged the beliefs of his age. In On Liberty—one of the sacred texts of liberalism—he argues that any democracy risks becoming a "tyranny of opinion" in which minority views are suppressed if they do not conform to those of the majority. The Subjection of Women, written shortly after the death of Mill's wife, Harriet, stresses the importance of sexual equality. Together they provide eloquent testimony to the hopes and anxieties of Victorian England, and offer a trenchant consideration of what it really means to be free.

Este tratado de filosofía moral, que ocupa un lugar clave dentro de la obra de John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), contiene tanto enunciados de hecho como valoraciones implícitas respecto al mundo, la humanidad y la felicidad. El merito de Mill -señala Esperanza Guisan- radica en que supo combinar inteligentemente los datos que le ofrecia la experiencia para formular, proponer e imaginar un mundo que resultase mas deseable y una convivencia que pareciese mas satisfactoria y mas gozosa. El utilitarismo muestra, por un lado, que el logro de la felicidad humana implica la puesta en marcha de una serie de resortes morales, y por otro, que el ideal de la maxima felicidad del mayor numero constituye el criterio mismo de la moralidad. Completa el volumen Un sistema de la logica, que esboza de manera clara los supuestos metaeticos de Mill.Prologo y traduccion de Esperanza GuisanEste tratado de filosofía moral, que ocupa un lugar clave dentro de la obra de John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), contiene tanto enunciados de hecho como valoraciones implícitas respecto al mundo, la humanidad y la felicidad. El merito de Mill -señala Esperanza Guisan- radica en que supo combinar inteligentemente los datos que le ofrecia la experiencia para formular, proponer e imaginar un mundo que resultase mas deseable y una convivencia que pareciese mas satisfactoria y mas gozosa. El utilitarismo muestra, por un lado, que el logro de la felicidad humana implica la puesta en marcha de una serie de resortes morales, y por otro, que el ideal de la maxima felicidad del mayor numero constituye el criterio mismo de la moralidad. Completa el volumen Un sistema de la logica, que esboza de manera clara los supuestos metaeticos de Mill.Prologo y traduccion de Esperanza Guisan

"Sobre la libertad" es una vibrante defensa de la libertad de pensamiento y expresión, una apasionada apología de la tolerancia y el respeto debido a las creencias o minorías disidentes, una audaz reivindicacion de la espontaneidad y singularidad humana frente a la opresion ejercida por las autoridades, la costumbre o la opinion. Precedido por un esclarecedor prologo de Isaiah Berlin, el presente ensayo de John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) pertenece a la breve galeria de obras de combate politico que, aun decadas o siglos despues de ser escritas, siguen determinando los comportamientos de los hombres."Sobre la libertad" es una vibrante defensa de la libertad de pensamiento y expresión, una apasionada apología de la tolerancia y el respeto debido a las creencias o minorías disidentes, una audaz reivindicacion de la espontaneidad y singularidad humana frente a la opresion ejercida por las autoridades, la costumbre o la opinion. Precedido por un esclarecedor prologo de Isaiah Berlin, el presente ensayo de John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) pertenece a la breve galeria de obras de combate politico que, aun decadas o siglos despues de ser escritas, siguen determinando los comportamientos de los hombres.

Un ensayo feminista pionero firmado por uno de los grandes filósofos del siglo XIX. Traducción y prólogo de Emilia Pardo Bazán Publicado en 1869, La esclavitud femenina abordó con valentía el problema de la desigualdad entre los sexos, definiendolo como uno de los principales obstaculos para el progreso de la humanidad. En opinion de John Stuart Mill, que publico este tratado cuando las mujeres de su pais no podian votar ni disponer de bienes, alcanzar una igualdad perfecta en materia legal y social era indispensable para una sociedad mas justa, y no cabe duda de que su libro contribuyo a crearla al desmontar con implacable logica el endeble argumentario de quienes favorecian la opresion historica de la mujer. Nuestra edicion incluye el prologo de Emilia Pardo Bazan a la primera traduccion española, asi como una introduccion actual de Amelia Valcarcel, que pone en perspectiva la historia del texto y sus ideas.Sobre el autor:John Stuart Mill es el piloto intelectual de nuestro siglo, el nombre que contribuyo, mas que otro alguno de esta generacion, a marcar rumbo al pensamiento de sus contemporaneos.Odysse Barot Cuando en 1867, Suart Mill presento a la Camara de los Comunes el proyecto de ley pidiendo para la mujer el derecho de sufragio, la minoria que voto con el fue lucida e imponente, y general la sorpresa de sus adversarios viendo que no podian tildarlo de extravagancia.Emilia Pardo Bazan

Publicat el 1859, Sobre la llibertat és un dels textos fundacionals del liberalisme modern i un clàssic del pensament polític. D’una manera brillant i entenedora, el filòsof i economista anglès John

La obra de John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) El sometimiento de lasmujeres es un clásico de la teoría feminista y del pensamientosocial y político.Publicada en 1869, tuvo gran infl uencia en el desarrollo y laconsolidacion del movimiento feminista del siglo XIX. Su exito seexplica por haber logrado identifi car la ideologia de la naturalezafemenina, en concreto el discurso de la ideologia diferente ycomplementaria de los sexos, como el enemigo principal de losderechos de las mujeres. En este sentido, El sometimiento de lasmujeres desarrolla un completo y sistematico conjunto deargumentos destinados a desarticular dicha ideologia.En esta edicion, prologada por Emilia Pardo Bazan, se ofrece unamagnifi ca introduccion a cargo de Ana de Miguel, miembro delseminario permanente Feminismo e Ilustracion, dirigido por CeliaAmoros, con quien ha coordinado durante años el curso de laHistoria de la Teoria Feminista y acaban de editar juntas la obracolectiva, Teoria feminista. De la Ilustracion a la globalizacion.

En este ensayo, escrito en 1859, nos habla Millde la libertad, pero no en un sentido ético, sino,tal y como él dice, «de la libertad social o civil»,es decir, nos desgrana la naturaleza y los límites

On Liberty John Stuart Mill - Published in 1859, John Stuart Mills On Liberty presented one of the most eloquent defenses of individual freedom in nineteenth-century social and political philosophy and is today perhaps the most widely-read liberal argument in support of the value of liberty. Mills passionate advocacy of spontaneity, individuality, and diversity, along with his contempt for compulsory uniformity and the despotism of popular opinion, has attracted both admiration and condemnation.

A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive John Stuart Mill - It is so much the established practice of writers on logic to commence their treatises by a few general observations (in most cases, it is true, rather meagre) on Terms and their varieties, that it will, perhaps, scarcely be required from me in merely following the common usage, to be as particular in assigning my reasons, as it is usually expected that those should be who deviate from it. The practice, indeed, is recommended by considerations far too obvious to require a formal justification. Logic is a portion of the Art of Thinking: Language is evidently, and by the admission of all philosophers, one of the principal instruments or helps of thought; and any imperfection in the instrument, or in the mode of employing it, is confessedly liable, still more than in almost any other art, to confuse and impede the process, and destroy all ground of confidence in the result. For a mind not previously versed in the meaning and right use of the various kinds of words, to attempt the study of methods of philosophizing, would be as if some one should attempt to become an astronomical observer, having never learned to adjust the focal distance of his optical instruments so as to see distinctly. Since Reasoning, or Inference, the principal subject of logic, is an operation which usually takes place by means of words, and in complicated cases can take place in no other way; those who have not a thorough insight into the signification and purposes of words, will be under chances, amounting almost to certainty, of reasoning or inferring incorrectly. And logicians have generally felt that unless, in the very first stage, they removed this source of error; unless they taught thei pupil to put away the glasses which distort the object, and to use those which are adapted to his purpose in such a manner as to assist, not perplex, his vision; he would not be in a condition to practise the remaining part of their discipline with any prospect of advantage. Therefore it is that an inquiry into language, so far as is needful to guard against the errors to which it gives rise, has at all times been deemed a necessary preliminary to the study of logic. But there is another reason, of a still more fundamental nature, why the import of words should be the earliest subject of the logicians consideration: because without it he cannot examine into the import of Propositions. Now this is a subject which stands on the very threshold of the science of logic. The object of logic, as defined in the Introductory Chapter, is to ascertain how we come by that portion of our knowledge (much the greatest portion) which is not intuitive: and by what criterion we can, in matters not self-evident, distinguish between things proved and things not proved, between what is worthy and what is unworthy of belief. Of the various questions which present themselves to our inquiring faculties, some receive an answer from direct consciousness, others, if resolved at all, can only be resolved by means of evidence. Logic is concerned with these last. But before inquiring into the mode of resolving questions, it is necessary to inquire what are those which offer themselves; what questions are conceivable; what inquiries are there, to which mankind have either obtained, or been able to imagine it possible that they should obtain, an answer. This point is best ascertained by a survey and analysis of Propositions.

Utilitarianism John Stuart Mill - Utilitarianism is a family of normative ethical theories that prescribe actions that maximize happiness and well-being for all affected individuals. Although different varieties of utilitarianism admit different characterizations, the basic idea behind all of them is to in some sense maximize utility, which is often defined in terms of well-being or related concepts. For instance, Jeremy Bentham, the founder of utilitarianism, described utility as "that property in any object, whereby it tends to produce benefit, advantage, pleasure, good, or happiness...[or] to prevent the happening of mischief, pain, evil, or unhappiness to the party whose interest is considered."Utilitarianism is a version of consequentialism, which states that the consequences of any action are the only standard of right and wrong. Unlike other forms of consequentialism, such as egoism and altruism, utilitarianism considers the interests of all humans equally. Proponents of utilitarianism have disagreed on a number of points, such as whether actions should be chosen based on their likely results (act utilitarianism), or whether agents should conform to rules that maximize utility (rule utilitarianism). There is also disagreement as to whether total (total utilitarianism), average (average utilitarianism) or minimum utility should be maximized.Though the seeds of the theory can be found in the hedonists Aristippus and Epicurus, who viewed happiness as the only good, and in the work of the medieval Indian philosopher ntideva, the tradition of modern utilitarianism began with Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), and continued with such philosophers as John Stuart Mill, Henry Sidgwick, R. M. Hare, and Peter Singer. The concept has been applied towards social welfare economics, the dropping of the atomic bombs in World War 2, the crisis of global poverty, the ethics of raising animals for food, and the importance of avoiding existential risks to humanity.

On Liberty by John Stuart Mill On Liberty is a philosophical essay by the English philosopher John Stuart Mill. Published in 1859, it applies Mills ethical system of utilitarianism to society and state.Mill suggests standards for the relationship between authority and liberty. He emphasizes the importance of individuality, which he considers prerequisite to the higher pleasuresthe summum bonum of utilitarianism. Furthermore, Mill asserts that democratic ideals may result in the tyranny of the majority. Among the standards proposed are Mills three basic liberties of individuals, his three legitimate objections to government intervention, and his two maxims regarding the relationship of the individual to society.On Liberty was a greatly influential and well-received work. Some classical liberals and libertarians have criticized it for its apparent discontinuity[specify] with Utilitarianism, and vagueness in defining the arena within which individuals can contest government infringements on their personal freedom of action.The ideas presented in On Liberty have remained the basis of much political thought. It has remained in print since its initial publication. A copy of On Liberty is passed to the president of the British Liberal Democrats as a symbol of office.

A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive by John Stuart Mill - is an 1843 book by English philosopher John Stuart Mill.In this work, he formulated the five principles of inductive reasoning that are known as Mills Methods. This work is important in the philosophy of science, and more generally, insofar as it outlines the empirical principles Mill would use to justify his moral and political philosophies.An article in "Philosophy of Recent Times" has described this book as an "attempt to expound a psychological system of logic within empiricist principles.This work was important to the history of science, being a strong influence on scientists such as Dirac. A System of Logic also had an impression on Gottlob Frege, who rebuked many of Mills ideas about the philosophy of mathematics in his work The Foundations of Arithmetic.

John Stuart Mill - Escrito en plena época del conservadurismo victoriano inglés, la obra muestra que la lucha por la igualdad de la mujer viene desde muy atrás. Sin embargo, hoy es un libro casi olvidado a pesar de que este sea un tema de maxima actualidad y debate en la sociedad española que merece ser difundido y, ademas, en la magnifica traduccion y con el prologo de Emilia Pardo Bazan.

“[...] En la Inglaterra de su tiempo, y aunque algunos participaron con entusiasmo de sus preferencias, Mill tuvo mucho de excepción y fue, por encima de cualquier otra cosa, eso que hoy llamamos un

Filosofo ed economista tra i piu influenti nel 19 sec., Stuart Mill e ricordato anche per essere lautore del primo lavoro femminista scritto da un uomo.Coerente con la sua visione liberale della vita si batte per la liberta di coscienza, pensiero ed espressione; era per la liberta di associazione; infine era un strenuo difensore della liberta di perseguire la felicita. Non stupisce quindi che scrivendo questa opera fondamentale, rivendicasse la parita dei sessi nel diritto di famiglia e si dischiaro a favore del suffragio universale, allora vietato alle donne. La liberta di voto avrebbe contribuito alla fine di ogni residuo di schiavitu legale esistente, permettendo alle donne di essere considerate alla pari degli uomini.Presentiamo il volume con una prefazione e la traduzione di Anna Maria Mozzoni, pioniera dei diritti civili delle donne in Italia e grande conoscitrice del pensiero di Stuart Mill.

Utilitarianism by John Stuart Mill is a classic exposition and defence of utilitarianism in ethics. The essay first appeared as a series of three articles published in Frasers Magazine in 1861 (vol. 64, p. 391406, 525534, 659673); the articles were collected and reprinted as a single book in 1863.Mills aim in the book is to explain what utilitarianism is, to show why it is the best theory of ethics, and to defend it against a wide range of criticisms and misunderstandings.Though heavily criticized both in Mills lifetime and in the years since, Utilitarianism did a great deal to popularize utilitarian ethics and has been considered "the most influential philosophical articulation of a liberal humanistic morality that was produced in the nineteenth century.Mill took many elements of his version of utilitarianism from Jeremy Bentham, the great nineteenth-century legal reformer, who along with William Paley were the two most influential English utilitarians prior to Mill. Like Bentham, Mill believed that happiness (or pleasure, which both Bentham and Mill equated with happiness) was the only thing humans do and should desire for its own sake.Since happiness is the only intrinsic good, and since more happiness is preferable to less, the goal of the ethical life is to maximize happiness.

The Subjection of Women fue escrito en 1869 por John Stuart Mill y su esposa Harriet Taylor Mill, donde se defienden argumentos a favor de la igualdad entre los sexos. En el momento de su publicación constituyo una afrenta a las normas europeas convencionales sobre el papel de los hombres y de las mujeres, asi como de su posicion en la sociedad.

In "Considerations on Representative Government," John Stuart Mill presents a rigorous analysis of democratic structures and the principles underlying representative governance. Written during the mid-19th century, a time of burgeoning political reform, Mill employs a clear yet sophisticated prose style that synthesizes empirical observations with philosophical inquiry. He delineates the criteria for an effective government, examines the role of public opinion, and discusses the balance between liberty and authority, thus situating his arguments within the context of the Enlightenments emphasis on rational discourse and individual rights. John Stuart Mill, a prominent philosopher and political economist, was deeply influenced by the liberal ideals of his father, James Mill, and the utilitarian principles of Jeremy Bentham. Educated in a rigorous intellectual environment, Mills experiences with political activism, particularly his advocacy for womens suffrage and social reform, provided him with the practical insights needed to explore the complexities of governance in his work. His personal commitment to fostering a just society is evident throughout the text, providing a philosophical foundation for many modern democratic systems. This book is highly recommended for scholars, students, and anyone interested in the foundations of democratic theory. Mills nuanced arguments remain relevant today, making it essential reading for those seeking to understand the challenges and benefits of representative government.

The subject of this Essay is not the so-called Liberty of the Will, so unfortunately opposed to the misnamed doctrine of Philosophical Necessity; but Civil, or Social Liberty: the nature and limits of the power which can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual. (...) The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilised community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others.In this famous essay, John Stuart Mill questions liberty of thought, individualism and the limits to the authority of society over the individual. The text is here followed by "Utilitarianism", a treatise in which he defines the main lines of this moral and political theory based on the greatest happiness of the greatest number.

* Prólogo, Emilia Pardo Bazán * I: Mi propósito. *Errores más comunes acerca de la situación del sexo masculino y la del femenino. *Dificultad de impugnar las opiniones admitidas. *Apoteosis del instinto caracteristica del siglo XIX. * II: La sujecion de la mujer al hombre es un apriorismo: no se funda en ningun dato experimental contradictorio, y por consecuencia es irracional. *El origen de la sujecion de la mujer es la esclavitud primitiva y las costumbres barbaras del genero humano en su cuna. *Mejoramiento del estado social, aparente solo en lo que respecta a la mujer. *La situacion actual de esta es el unico vestigio que va quedando de ese estado primitivo de fuerza y esclavitud. * III: Reprobacion que pesa sobre los que resisten a la autoridad, aunque esta sea injusta. *Persistencia de la esclavitud. *Ineficacia de la Iglesia contra el abuso de la fuerza. *Tenacidad de las costumbres que la fuerza inspiro. *Mayor resistencia del despotismo viril. *Como interesa a todos los hombres el conservarlo. *Dificultades inmensas con que se lucha para combatirlo. * IV: El error de la esclavitud en los mayores filosofos. *Los teoricos de la monarquia absoluta. *Asombro de los salvajes al oir que en Inglaterra una mujer ejerce el poder real. *Por que los griegos no eran tan opuestos a la independencia de la mujer. *Protesta silenciosa de la mujer. *Cadenas morales con que se la sujeta. *La mujer odalisca. *La educacion femenina falseada y torcida por la esclavitud. * V: * La desigualdad por el nacimiento. *Ya no existe hoy sino para la mujer. *Anomalia de las reinas. *Nada se sabe por experiencia de las aptitudes de la mujer, ni de su verdadero caracter. * VI: Obstaculos al progreso de las ideas. *El hombre no conoce a la mujer, y menos que nadie la conocen los galanteadores de oficio. *La mujer disimula, por culpa de su situacion de esclava. * VII: Lento advenimiento de la justicia. *Las literatas esclavistas. *Que la mujer, libre para emprender todas las carreras, no emprendera sino las que le dicten sus facultades naturales. *Proteccionismo masculino. *Lo que es hoy el matrimonio. *Criada o bayadera. * VIII: Como se trataba a la mujer. *Extension ilimitada de la autoridad paterna. *Delito de baja traicion. *La esposa esclava. *No es dueña de sus bienes. *Es mas esclava que ningun esclavo lo fue nunca. * IX: El debito. *Los hijos no pertenecen a la mujer en caso de separacion. *¿De que sirve la separacion? *Los individuos casi nunca son tan inicuos como la ley. * X: Comparacion entre el despotismo domestico y el politico. *Adhesion de los esclavos a sus amos. *El poder absoluto, entregado hasta al mas vil de los hombres. *Sevicias. *El desquite de la mujer. *La injusticia, como todos los seres, engendra a su semejante. * XI: Causas que contribuyen a dulcificar lo terrible de la institucion. *El poder no sustituye a la libertad. *Ni tiranas ni tiranizadas. *La asociacion comercial y la familia. * XII: Division de derechos y deberes. *¿Conviene que uno de los esposos sea depositario de la autoridad? *Estado actual y estado que podria sustituirle. *Bufonadas y floreos. *Erroneo concepto de que la mujer ha nacido para la abnegacion. *Cada individuo nace para si mismo. *El cristianismo y la mujer. * XIII: Los enemigos de la igualdad. *Moral antigua y moral nueva. *Escuela de igualdad en el hogar domestico. *¿Que fue el amor de la libertad entre los antiguos? * XIV: Por que mejoran las leyes. *Personas buenas en la practica e indiferentes a los principios. *San Pablo y la obediencia de la mujer. * Sentido de las palabras del Apostol. *Los estacionarios. *Ley del embudo. * XV: Los bienes patrimoniales de la mujer. *Organizacion probable del matrimonio venidero. *Aunque se abran a la mujer todos los caminos honrosos, probablemente elegira mas a menudo el de la familia. * XV...