TAMAR GARB

The meaning of a painted portrait and even its subject may be far more complex than expected, Tamar Garb reveals in this book. She charts for the first time the history of French female portraiture from its heyday in the early nineteenth century to its demise in the early twentieth century, showing how these paintings illuminate evolving social attitudes and aesthetic concerns in France over the course of the century. The author builds the discussion around six canonic works by Ingres, Manet, Cassatt, Cezanne, Picasso, and Matisse, beginning with Ingres''s idealized portrait of Mme de Sennones and ending with Matisse''s elegiac last portrait of his wife. During the hundred years that separate these works, the female portrait went from being the ideal genre for the expression of painting''s capacity to describe and embellish "nature," to the prime locus of its refusal to do so. Picasso''s Cubism, and specifically "Ma Jolie," provides the fulcrum of this shift.

The French nineteenth-century painter Berthe Morisot was held by her contemporaries to be the quintessential Impressionist. She was an influential member of the Impressionist group, whose exhibitions she organized with her colleagues Monet, Renoir, Pissarro and Degas. This book considers her work in the context of the artistic and social debates of the time. It discusses the meaning that Baudelaires famous dictum to paint the heroism of modern life had for a woman artist painting in the changing city of Paris a very different city from the Paris of her male colleagues.