Libros de Física, página 3 de 352

This is the second English edition of what has become one of the definitive works on superconductivity in German - currently in its sixth edition. Comprehensive and easy to understand, this introductory text is written especially with the non-specialist in mind. The authors, both long-term experts in this field, present the fundamental considerations without the need for extensive mathematics, describing the various phenomena connected with the superconducting state, with liberal insertion of experimental facts and examples for modern applications. While all fields of superconducting phenomena are dealt with in detail, this new edition pays particular attention to the groundbreaking discovery of magnesium diboride and the current developments in this field. In addition, a new chapter provides an overview of the elements, alloys and compounds where superconductivity has been observed in experiments, together with their major characteristics. The chapter on technical applications has been considerably expanded to accommodate microelectronics, while the key aspects of critical currents as well as Josephson junctions now each have their own chapter. A 'must-have' for students and graduates.

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This Nato Advanced Research Workshop on `Phonons in Semiconductor Nanostructures'' recounts the latest developments in the physics of phonons and their impact on the electronic properties of low dimensional structures. Leading experts in the field discuss recent problems on phonon confinement and assess the increasing importance of phonon effects on the optical and transport properties of one and zero-dimensional structures. The Proceedings address various issues related to phonon physics in Iii--V, Ii--Vi and Iv semiconductor nanostructures. The following topics are covered: models for confined phonons, latest experiments on confined phonons and electron-phonon interaction in two-dimensional systems, elementary excitations, phonons and optical processes in nanostructures, phonon limited transport phenomena, hot electron effects in quantum wires, carrier relaxation and phonon bottleneck in quantum dots. The book is intended for scientists, physicists, research engineers and graduate students interested in the latest developments in physics and engineering of quantum structures.

Voltage Stability is a relatively recent and challenging problem in Power Systems Engineering. It is gaining in importance as the trend of operating power systems closer to their limits continues to increase.Voltage Stability of Electric Power Systems presents a clear description of voltage instability and collapse phenomena. It proposes a uniform and coherent theoretical framework for analysis and covers state-of-the-art methods. The book describes practical methods that can be used for voltage security assessment and offers a variety of examples.

The book contains invited lectures from the International Symposium on the Anisotropic Behaviour of Damaged Materials, held in Krakow, Poland, September 9-11, 2002. Eminent researchers and world experts in the field of damage mechanics report recent achievements and state-of-the-art results in the field. The book deals with the anisotropic damage mechanics involving micromechanical aspects and thermo-mechanical coupling. The contents are both of academic interest and relevant for practical applications, especially those concerning more advanced anisotropic models of materials and the transition from the microscopic to the macroscopic level.

The book is devoted to the physics of plasma at high density, which has been compressed so strongly that the effects of interparticle interactions and non-ideality govern its behavior. Interest in this non-traditional plasma has been generated in recent years when states of matter with high concentration of energy became accessible experimentally as the basis of modern technologies and facilities. The greatest part of the matter in the Universe is in this exotic state. In this book, the methods of generation and diagnostics of strongly coupled plasmas are presented, along with the main theoretical methods and experimental results on thermodynamical, kinetic and optical properties. Particular attention is given to fast developing modern directions of strongly coupled plasma physics such as metallization of dielectrics and dielectrization of metals, non-neutral plasmas, dusty plasmas and their crystallization. The book is written for physicists and astrophysicists, engineers, and material scientists. The book is devoted to the physics of plasma at high density, which has been compressed so strongly that the effects of interparticle interactions and non-ideality govern its behavior. Interest in this non-traditional plasma has been generated in recent years when states of matter with high concentration of energy became accessible experimentally as the basis of modern technologies and facilities. The greatest part of the matter in the Universe is in this exotic state. In this book, the methods of generation and diagnostics of strongly coupled plasmas are presented, along with the main theoretical methods and experimental results on thermodynamical, kinetic and optical properties. Particular attention is given to fast developing modern directions of strongly coupled plasma physics such as metallization of dielectrics and dielectrization of metals, non-neutral plasmas, dusty plasmas and their crystallization. The book is written for physicists and astrophysicists, engineers, and material scientists.

Based on the latest progress in superconductivity research, the authors form a conventional theory of superconductivity and express BCS paring theory at a higher level. They especially emphasis the importance of the long-range phase coherence for the superconductivity. They also point out some misunderstandings of basic concepts about superconductivity in present textbooks and monographs. They illustrate the correct theory of the high-Tc superconductivity and the application of the high-Tc superconductors to establish a correct and detailed theory regarding this mechanism in different systems.

The point of departure of this book is a triad of themes: information theory, thermodynamics, and quantum mechanics. These are related: thermodynamics and quantum mechanics form the basis of quantum thermodynamics; information and quantum mechanics underly, inter alia, the notorious quantum measurement problem; and information and thermodynamics have much to say about control limits in the tension between micro- and macro-descriptions. Why does the world around us typically look thermal-from cosmology down to individual embedded spins? Do informational measures constitute additional (independent) parameters beyond physical ones? Is the transition between mechanical and thermal systems gradual or discontinuous? Pertinent examples can be found in various processes implemented on small quantum systems. Particularly attractive are model systems that can be treated thermodynamically, but-to some extent-also exactly, that is, based on pure quantum dynamics. This possibility opens the door to nano-thermodynamics. In this sense, the book aims at a modern perspective of nanoscale applications, defined here as a potential realization of various functions as constrained by given resources.

Brock, Fred V. Richardson, Scott J.This book treats instrumentation used in meteorological surface systems, both on the synoptic scale and the mesoscale, and the instrumentation used in upper air soundings. The text includes material on first- and second-order differential equations as applied to instrument dynamic performance, and required solutions are developed. Sensor physics are emphasized in order to explain how sensors work and to explore the strengths and weaknesses of each design type. The book is organized according to sensor type and function (temperature, humidity, and wind sensors, for example), though several unifying themes are developed for each sensor. Functional diagrams are used to portray sensors as a set of logical functions, and static sensitivity is derived from a sensor's transfer equation, focusing attention on sensor physics and on ways in which particular designs might be improved. Sensor performance specifications are explored, helping to compare various instruments and to tell users what to expect as a reasonable level of performance. Finally, the text examines the critical area of environmental exposure of instruments. In a well-designed, properly installed, and well-maintained meteorological measurement system, exposure problems are usually the largest source of error, making this chapter one of the most useful sections of the book.

This book discusses in detail the facts and findings related to the X Press Pearl container vessel accident that occurred in May 2021 off the coast of Colombo Sri Lanka The ship was carrying a large consignment of chemicals and diverse hazardous materials that caused a disastrous and vast environmental and social catastrophe in the region Through many case studies accumulated knowledge and experiences the authors discuss the accident response risk mitigation investigation and damage assessment activities from the very onset of the accident It helps researchers and regulators understand the facts of this unique marine chemical accident and to formulate necessary future regulations as well as to develop robust safety and sustainability management systems and safety cultures Features Written by authorities who led the team involved in accident response and damage assessment Focuses on identifying plausible root causes pitfalls in accident response and weaknesses in current regulatory and management protocols Delivers in depth understanding of a unique marine chemical accident to help formulate necessary future policies and regulations related to such disasters Includes many case studies related to the accident illustrated with photos and figures that are tru

The whole thing was basically an experiment," Richard Feynman said late in his career, looking back on the origins of his lectures. The experiment turned out to be hugely successful, spawning a book that has remained a definitive introduction to physics for decades. Ranging from the most basic principles of Newtonian physics through such formidable theories as general relativity and quantum mechanics, Feynman's lectures stand as a monument of clear exposition and deep insight. Now, we are reintroducing the printed books to the trade, fully corrected, for the first time ever, and in collaboration with Caltech. Timeless and collectible, the lectures are essential reading, not just for students of physics but for anyone seeking an introduction to the field from the inimitable Feynman.

The monograph describes the modern understanding of the evolution of structural and phase states of dislocation substructures and the fracture surface at high-cycle fatigue of stainless steels of different structural classes. Modern methods of physical materials and primarily scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the analysis of changes in fine defect substructure and the fracture surfaces of fatigue during normal processing conditions and low energy electron beams, significantly increases the fatigue life are discussed. The physical mechanisms of increasing fatigue life are discussed.

This book describes available tribology technologies and introdces a comprehensive overview of tribology. General, up-to-date knowledge on how tribology is approached in various related areas of research, both experimental and computational is provided.