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Voltammetry for Sensing Applications familiarizes readers with recent advancements in the field of electrochemical analysis. The book features 16 chapters which cover many applications of voltammetric analysis such as drug testing and analysis, sensors for point-of-care devices, sensors for diverse analysis, advanced energy storage devices, clinical sample analysis, sensors for the detection of heavy metals, nanomaterials, disease detection, immune sensors, food sample analysis, and anti-inflammatory and anticancer drug detection. Many of the current methods of voltammetry offer increased stability, repeatability, high performance, cost-effectiveness, time-saving, sensitivity, and the chapters also cover appropriate applications for the sensing tools and methodologies which are imperative in electrochemical, environment, biological, medicinal, and food safety analysis. This informative reference serves as a timely and comprehensive update on voltammetry and sensing materials for chemistry scholars and industrial chemists alike.

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a technique applied in multidisciplinary research. Its use has tremendously grown in the last 40 years owing to improved nanofabrication, biomolecules extraction and sensitive signal acquisition techniques. This book focuses on the underlying principles of SERS by emphasizing on basic concepts and background information about the subject. Chapters explain the physics of Raman spectroscopy while also indicating its relevance to designing protocols and methodologies for biosensing and imaging. The book gives updated and recent details on colloids and nanostructures, their fabrication, surface engineering and immobilization methods, all in context to SERS based biosensing. Key Features: - Covers basic knowledge and new research about surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) - Provides a complete framework on SERS based biosensing with concise chapters - Focuses on different active molecules critical to SERS and associated developed nanoassemblies - Presents information about ongoing research on SERS imaging applications - Highlights bottlenecks of SERS technique in biosensing - Includes references for further reading This book serves as a reference book for researchers and academicians and will also provide a reasonable understanding on the topic of SERS to newcomers irrespective of their background in a simple manner. The book is of interest to all readers within the scientific community involved with Raman spectroscopy, including chemists, physicists, biologists, material scientists as well as biomedical engineers.

This reference describes recent advances and applications of capillary electrophoresis in the field of food science. The first two chapters are devoted to the fundamentals of capillary electrophoresis, and to the main sample preparation techniques used for food analysis using this miniaturized separation technique, respectively. These two introductory chapters are followed by several chapters focused on the different strategies for analyzing specific food components, including lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, peptides, amino acids, vitamins, polyphenols, and food additives. The information provided in these chapters helps readers to understand and develop appropriate methods to carry out a deep characterization of food samples. Relevant concepts such as food authentication, chemical food safety or the control of the quality and safety of dietary supplements, and food metabolomics are also covered, where appropriate. The big potential of capillary electrophoresis to achieve chiral separations and the determination of enantiomers in food samples or to develop targeted and non-targeted metabolomics strategies to ensure food safety and quality is also described. As an additional step towards analytical miniaturization, a chapter devoted to food analysis by microchip electrophoresis is also included in this book. All 14 chapters are contributed by highly experienced researchers in the field. Capillary Electrophoresis in Food Analysis is a key source of information for food chemists and analytical chemists in industry (quality control laboratories) and academia (research labs and training courses).

Every leaf that falls from a tree becomes part of a new circle. In non-human ecosystems, everything is re-used or re-purposed. The natural world is the perfect circular system. Why is the same not true for humankind? Most of the things we possess will ultimately not be used for a long period of time. The current take-make-waste approach is a given fact of our present economy that we have perfected since the industrial revolution. The editors Dr Guenther Dobrauz-Saldapenna and Nicolas Huras believe that we urgently need to change our ways of producing, consuming and living. It is time to seriously consider circular economy as an alternative model. This book brings together thinkers and innovators from academia as well as business who share their ideas. Does it deliver answers to all our challenges? Probably not, but it is a great place to start. The future must be circular and decentralized! This book was printed according to the Cradle to Cradle principle. The dust jacket contains flower seeds and can be planted in the ground: watch the flowers grow!

Despite the current technological advancement, agriculture being a vital source of livelihood, was essentially dependent on weather and climate, and is adversely affected by the weather and climate related extreme events. Over the past few decades, extreme events such as droughts, floods, storms, tropical cyclones and forest fires have destroyed economic and social infrastructure and at the same time endangered food security. The agricultural sector is affected through the impact on water resources, damage to crops, rangelands and forests due to incidence of droughts, locust plagues and wilde and fires. Given the current recognition of the importance of preparedness to cope with risks and uncertainties associated with climate extremes, it is important to develop suitable and sustainable strategies to alleviate the impact of natural disasters on crop productivity. Improved forecast accuracy and more focused information on the location, intensity and duration of climate extremes could underpin efforts to implement more effective risk management strategies. It is crucial that governments exercise their sovereign responsibility to prepare and issue early warnings of extreme events in a timely and effective manner to reduce their impact on agricultural production. While natural hazards may not be avoided, integration of risk assessment and early warnings, prevention and mitigation measures including community capacity building and livelihood strategies, can prevent them from becoming disasters. There is also a need to develop locally agrometeorological adaptation strategies to reduce the effect of natural disasters especially in vulnerable regions where food and fibre production is most sensitive and vulnerable to climatic fluctuations. This proposed book based on state of the art knowledge on the science and application of agricultural meteorology needed to better cope with extreme climate events, should be of interest to all organizations and agencies engaged in planning disaster reduction strategies and management for prevention and mitigation of extreme events. The publication will also be of equal interest to the agrometeorologists of the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services of the countries throughout the globe as well as to the agricultural planners, meteorologists associated with public weather services, forest fire forecasters, and the various departments of governments concerned with agriculture and food production.Contents:1. Agrometeorology in Extreme Events and Natural Disasters An Overview2. Drought and Desertification3. Irrigation Scheduling to Combat Moisture Deficit in Plants4. Heavy Rains, Floods, Hail and Snow and their Impact on Agriculture5. Tropical Cyclones, Storm Surges, Thunderstorms, Tornadoes and Squalls: Implications for Agriculture6. Agrometeorology Related to Extreme Temperatures, Heat Waves and Frost7. Wind Storms and Sand/Dust Storms and their Effect on Environment and Plants8. Forest- and Bush-Fire and their Impact on the Environment9. Pests and Diseases of Crops and Livestock10. Environmental and Agricultural Implications of Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Volcanic Eruptions11. Community Capacity Building and Livelihood Strategies in Disaster Management and Mitigation of Adverse Impacts on Agricultural Sector12. Role of Agricultural Chemicals on Soil, Water and Air Pollution and their Effects on Plants, Livestock and Aquatic Systems13. Climate Change, Extreme Events and Change in Cry...

El objetivo de este libro es proporcionar información útil al todos cuantos intervieen en la supervisión de la contaminación general del aire en zonas urbanas y rurales, así como quienes intentan reducir a un minimo realista la emision de contaminantes del aire procedentes de procesos industriales.

Dieses zweisprachige Fachworterbuch beinhaltet Begriffe der Wissensgebiete Bodenkunde und Standortlehre sowie ihrer Nachbardisziplinen Angewandte Okologie, Land- und Forstwirtschaft sowie Landschaftsplanung. Die Terminologie der aufgefuhrten Wissensgebiete umfasst etwa 10.000 Begriffe in deutscher und englischer Sprache. Ein Anhang enthalt Pflanzennamen, Tiernamen, SI-Einheiten und Begriffe der Bodenklassifikation. An Teildisziplinen der Bodenkunde werden Bodengeologie, Bodenmineralogie, Bodenphysik, Bodenchemie, Bodenbiologie, Bodenokologie, Bodentechnologie und Bodenschutz berucksichtigt. Ferner werden relevante Begriffe aus folgenden Nachbardisziplinen aufgefuhrt: Mineralogie, Petrographie, Geologie, Geomorphologie, Geographie, Meteorologie und Klimakunde, Botanik, Mikrobiologie, Biochemie, Pflanzenernahrung und Dungung, Acker- und Pflanzenbau, Waldbau und Immissionsforschung. Der Wortumfang reicht aus, um die moderne Fachliteratur auf den Gebieten der Geo- und Biowissenschaften zu verstehen, soweit sie sich mit der Entstehung, Beschreibung, Gestaltung und Nutzung von Landschaften befasst. Die Ubersetzungsarbeit wird dadurch erleichtert, dass den Substantiven jeweils relevante Adjektive zugeordnet sind.This technical dictionary contains terms from soil and site science, as well as from overlapping disciplines such as agronomy, forestry, landscape planning, meteorology, geology, geomorphology, physical geography, botany, biochemistry, plant nutrition and fertilizer use, applied ecology, microbiology and technology. The terminology of the mentioned disciplines contains about 10,000 terms in German and English. Appendices include names of plants and animals, SI units, as well as tables of soil classification.

Orchids are some of the nature most gorgeous creation. The authors try to reveal the treasures and secrets of orchids. The book provides the currently available information on ethnomedicine, ethnobotany and traditional knowledge. It identifies its phytochemical and pharmacological important compounds and discusses the results of experimental, preclinical and clinical studies with extracts of orchid species. The authors introduce the reader into the chemistry of plant toxins and the major alkaloids synthesized by the bio chemistry of orchids. TCM uses many orchids as ingredient in their herbal formulation. They transfer the indication and results into the nomenclature and terminology of the western medicine in a way, easy to read and to understand. The authors do not intent to write a scientific book for the scientist, but to meet the challenge of a reader interested in herbal orchids who would like to view this subject from different angles eager to discover the secrets of orchids and learn how difficult it is to unlock their treasures. We compiled the available up-to-date knowledge and the opinion of different authors in this field to present a comprehensive over all view of the herbal use of orchids.

Despite an increase in life expectancy over the past 20 years, the number of novel, multi-drug resistant microorganisms has also risen dramatically. To reduce the risk of reemerging infections, and limit the spread of multidrug resistant microorganisms, it is urgently necessary to develop safe and effective therapeutic countermeasures. New antimicrobial chemicals are mostly produced with the help of microorganisms, and the bulk of medications now on the market are of this type. The use of high therapeutic screening and recent developments in analytical instrumentation has allowed the researchers to identify novel antimicrobial compounds from bacteria, fungi, plants, mushrooms, algae, and other sources more quickly. The second volume of Frontiers in Antimicrobial Agents highlights the ongoing requirement for researching and creating novel antimicrobial medications. Current Trends in the Identification and Development of Antimicrobial Agents aims to bring together the expertise of notable academics to examine all facets of antimicrobial research while keeping recent advancements in perspective. Antibiotic discovery, sources of novel antimicrobial chemicals, developing and reemerging microbial infections, various elements of drug resistance, and the need for antimicrobial medications in the future are all covered in this book. It is a timely reference for anyone involved in the discovery and development of new drugs, including microbiologists, biotechnologists, pharmacologists, doctors, and researchers.

This book informs readers about recent advances in graphene carbocatalysis encapsulating the current developments in the syntheses, properties, characterizations, functionalization and catalytic applications of graphene, its derivatives and composites. It serves as a comprehensive primary reference book for chemistry and engineering students who are required to learn about graphene chemistry in detail. It also serves as an introductory reference for industry professionals and researchers who are interested in graphene research as well as its emerging applications in catalysis and beyond. Volume 1 provides an introduction to catalysis and the chemistry of graphene. This is followed by chapters that cover the chemistry of graphene compounds. Next, it covers the functionalization of graphene into catalytic materials and its role in the synthesis of nanocomposites. Finally, the book delves into the complex aspects of graphene carbocatalysis: recent advances in graphene supported palladium catalysts for coupling reactions, applications of graphene-based catalysts in multicomponent, domino reactions, oxidation and reduction reactions, and recent trends in biocatalytic properties of graphene-based composites are all discussed in detail.

This book aims to inform readers about the latest trends in environment-friendly extraction techniques in food analysis. Fourteen edited chapters cover relevant topics. These topics include a primer green food analysis and extraction, environment-friendly solvents, (such as deep eutectic solvents, ionic liquids, and supramolecular solvents), and different extraction techniques.

Nanoelectronics Devices: Design, Materials, and Applications provides information about the progress of nanomaterial and nanoelectronic devices and their applications in diverse fields (including semiconductor electronics, biomedical engineering, energy production and agriculture). The book is divided into two parts. The editors have included a blend of basic and advanced information with references to current research. The book is intended as an update for researchers and industry professionals in the field of electronics and nanotechnology. It can also serve as a reference book for students taking advanced courses in electronics and technology. The editors have included MCQs for evaluating the readers understanding of the topics covered in the book. Topics covered in Part 1 include basic knowledge on nanoelectronics with examples of testing different device parameters. - The present, past, and future of nanoelectronics, - An introduction to Nanoelectronics and applicability of Moores law - Transport of charge carrier, electrode, and measurement of device parameters - Fermi level adjustment in junction less transistor, - Non-polar devices and their simulation - The negative capacitance in MOSFET devices - Effect of electrode in the device operation - Second and Sixth group semiconductors, - FinFET principal and future, Electronics and optics integration for fast processing and data communication - Batteryless photo detectors - Solar cell fabrication and applications - Van der Waals assembled nanomaterials Audience Researchers and industry professionals in the field of electronics and nanotechnology; students taking advanced courses in electronics and technology.

This book is a review of photonic materials and their applications. It presents 14 chapters, that give a snapshot of the field including basic sciences (photonics, plasmonics, advanced optics, nanophotonics) and applications (renewable energy, fiber-optics, lasers and smart materials). The book starts with a summary of recent developments in photonic crystal (PC) applications. This introduction is followed by chapters that present design concepts and investigations of PC devices such as: - All-optical XOR gates using 2D photonic crystals - One-dimensional PCs containing germanium (Ge). - Graphene surface plasmonics - Nanophotonics and fiber-optic lasers - Chalcogenides - Bragg Fibers and more The broad range of topics make this an informative source on current and exciting photonics research, and the variety of photonic materials. It serves as a reference for graduate scholars (in physics and materials science) and allied researchers who have a keen interest in photonics.

Junto a los fundamentos de la Mecánica cuántica, se exponen también en el libro sus numerosas aplicaciones en grado considerablemente mayor que el normal en los cursos generales de Mecánica cuántica. Hemos dejado a un lado tan solo aquellas cuestiones cuyo estudio exigiria de modo esencial el realizar a la vez un detallado analisis de los datos experimentales, lo que inevitablemente se saldria de los limites de la obra.

Alicíclicos: Conceito, Classificação, Nomenclatura, Estrutura, Conformação, Estabilidade e Reações.

Química orgânica: carbono, dienos e aromáticos. O átomo de carbono e as cadeias carbônicas. A Química Orgânica. Classificação do átomo de carbono. Hibridação do carbono. Dienos. Aromáticos.

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