eBooks de Química, página 6 de 19

A Química é uma ciência que permeia todas as áreas do conhecimento e tem nos encantado com sua arte e magia. Ela embalou o sonho dos alquimistas na busca da pedra filosofal e do elixir da longa vida,

Corresponde esta edición española a la segunda americana y va especialmente dirigida a estudiantes preuniversitarios o de primer curso de facultad o bien a estudiantes aventajados que desean tener una vision cualitativa amplia antes de entregarse a los tratamientos mecanico-cuanticos.

Dirigido a estudiantes que recién ingresan a la universidad, este libro tiene como objetivo el abordaje de situaciones problemáticas de la química y la explicitación de sus modos de resolución. Desarrolla los procesos que involucran acidos y bases y que transcurren en todos los aspectos de la vida diaria.La propuesta didactica, presente en el libro, recupera la metodologia de aprendizaje por problemas, en tanto enriquece los modos de apropiacion de la ciencia.

Neste livro, o autor aborda de maneira diferenciada o efeito de variáveis como força iônica (ou atividades das espécies químicas), temperatura, constante dielétrica do solvente, concentração hidrogen

As reações químicas estão presentes na nossa vida diária, como na fotossíntese das plantas, na decomposição dos alimentos e da matéria orgânica, na manutenção da saúde bucal, na produção de fertiliza

Con la intención de continuar en la contribución a la formación académica elemental de los estudiantes en el campo de la termodinámica clásica, se consideró pertinente elaborar un programa accesible de revision experimental basica sobre el tema de equilibrios y transiciones de fases en sistemas monocomponentes.El perfil del trabajo es en forma premeditada eminentemente de caracter metodologico-experimental. Es tarea previa del lector interesado el dominio de los conceptos y fundamentos sobre el tema que aqui se explora. Por tanto, en cada uno de los protocolos que conforman el trabajo aqui presentado, se plantea de inicio el tema, su finalidad, la infraestructura requerida, la tecnica por seguir, el tratamiento de la informacion obtenida (y en su caso la discusion), y el ejemplo-demostracion correspondiente, producto de la realizacion experimental personal por los autores. Cada uno de los protocolos es autocontenido. En la realizacion de los estudios experimentales que aqui se demuestran, se empleo infraestructura experimental verificada previamente tanto en fabrica como, en casos especificos, en laboratorios especializados en la verificacion y certificacion instrumenta

El trabajo presente aspira a abordar y atender en cierta medida una necesidad curricular no siempre contemplada, y que concierne tanto al capítulo de la revisión de la respuesta que arrojan instrumentos esenciales en el tema Equilibrios y Transiciones de Fases, como al del empleo de ciertas tecnologias y tecnicas basicas relacionadas al mismo tema.En esta Parte I y en relacion al rubro Instrumentacion, se presentan estudios experimentales diversos sobre sistemas manometricos, vacuometricos, de presion absoluta, y termometricos. En el rubro Tecnologias se abordan tambien estudios experimentales asociados a la medicion y control de las propiedades de estado presion y temperatura. La intencion general es la adquisicion de los principios metodologico-experimentales previos a la incursion al problema sobre Equilibrios y Transiciones de Fases, y que constituye la Parte II."

Desde la introducción del primer espectrómetro de masas en el año 1912 por el físico inglés J. J. Thomson, la espectrometría de masas surgió como una técnica esencial donde los átomos o moléculas presentes en una muestra problema son ionizados, separados e identificados acorde a su relacion masa-carga. Actualmente, la variedad de espectrometros de masas hace que esta tecnica se considere esencial en bioquimica, ciencia de los materiales, quimica organica, medicina, industria petrolera, agropecuaria y farmaceutica. Una de las ventajas significativas de la espectrometria de masas es la cantidad de muestra necesaria para realizar un experimento; algunos equipos convencionales exhiben limites de deteccion en el orden de los femtomolar, pudiendo detectar especies en concentraciones muy bajas. Adicionalmente, los espectros de masas brindan informacion sobre las caracteristicas estructurales, composicion elemental y perfil isotopico de los analitos. A lo largo de este libro se describen aspectos fundamentales de la espectrometria de masas y se realiza un analisis detallado de los mecanismos de fragmentacion de diversos compuestos organicos hidrocarburos, alcoholes, eteres, aminas, compuestos halogenados, compuestos carbonilicos y carboxilicos empleando la tecnica de impacto de electrones. Finalmente, se hace una breve descripcion de la espectrometria de masas de desorcion/ionizacion laser asistida por una matriz MALDI y algunas tecnicas modernas de ionizacion.

El tratamiento de aguas residuales por medio de los humedales artificiales se ha empleado por más de 20 años a nivel mundial. Sus ventajas con respecto a sistemas convencionales, en cuanto a bajos costos de construccion y operativos, requerimientos minimos de personal capacitado, buenas eficiencias en remocion de contaminantes, incluidos los microorganismos, los han convertido en sistemas que no solamente han sido empleados para tratar las aguas residuales de pequeñas y medianas comunidades si no que han sido utilizados para la depuracion de aguas residuales de tipo industrial. Por tal motivo, este tipo de ecotecnologia resulta altamente atractiva para ser aplicada en paises en vias de desarrollo como Mexico.

Esta obra pretende ser un libro de texto destinado a los estudiantes de primer ciclo de las Facultades de Química, Ciencias y Universidades Politécnicas, que tengan en sus planes de estudio una o varias asignaturas dedicadas al estudio del enlace quimico.

La propiedad de estado temperatura forma parte del edificio de la Termodinámica. Es también una de las propiedades fundamentales de la materia, en sus diferentes formas asociativas y organizativas. La caracterizacion anterior justifica el estudio de su medicion elemental.La coleccion de experimentos que conforma el dossier presente, pretende contribuir a dicho estudio. Los experimentos fueron diseñados, articulados y ejecutados en un laboratorio convencional. Aunque cada uno de los experimentos es independiente, la secuencia en que se presentan aspira a seguir un orden ascendente de integracion conceptual y operacional.De esta forma, la meta es que un ejecutante interesado pueda adquirir las herramientas conceptuales y operacionales, no solo en la medicion de dicha propiedad, sino incluso en la construccion y verificacion de un instrumento de medicion, como lo es un sistema termometrico.

In "Experiments upon Magnesia Alba, Quicklime, and some other Alcaline Substances," Joseph Black meticulously investigates the chemical properties and reactions of various alkaline compounds. The text is crafted in a clear and methodical style, reflecting the empirical rigor of the 18th-century scientific revolution. Blacks experiments not only illuminate the unique behaviors of magnesia alba and quicklime but also contribute significantly to the burgeoning field of chemistry, solidifying the importance of precise measurement and observation in scientific experimentation. With its systematic approach, the book provides a foundational understanding of the differences between the alkalies and examines their implications for contemporary chemical theory. Joseph Black, a prominent Scottish physician and chemist, was deeply influenced by the scientific discourse of his time, particularly through his studies under notable figures such as the chemist William Cullen. His keen interest in thermal properties and the understanding of gases paved the way for his groundbreaking investigations into alkaline substances. Blacks research not only expanded the chemical knowledge of his era but also laid the groundwork for later advancements in the study of acids and bases. This book is highly recommended for readers interested in the origins of modern chemistry and the historical context of scientific discovery. Blacks work serves as a critical reference for students and scholars alike, illustrating the meticulous nature of scientific inquiry and the transformative power of basic research.

In his pioneering work, "Experiments upon Magnesia Alba, Quicklime, and some other Alcaline Substances," Joseph Black explores the foundational principles of chemistry and the properties of various alkaline substances. This text, rich in empirical investigation and systematic experimentation, is set against the backdrop of the Enlightenment, a period marked by a shift toward scientific rigor and inductive reasoning. Black employs a precise and methodical style, utilizing a compelling blend of experimental data and insightful commentary that not only details his findings but also challenges existing notions in the field of chemistry, particularly regarding calcareous materials and their reactions. Joseph Black, a prominent 18th-century chemist and physician, has been instrumental in shaping modern chemistry with his discoveries on heat, gas, and other chemical interactions. His educational background under titans like Joseph Priestley and his involvement in the development of the pneumatic trough laid the groundwork for his innovative approaches. Blacks intellectual curiosity and meticulous nature drove him to conduct experiments that would unveil the complexities of substances previously misunderstood, and this work stands as a testament to his groundbreaking contributions to science. Readers interested in the historical development of chemistry will find "Experiments upon Magnesia Alba, Quicklime, and some other Alcaline Substances" invaluable. BlackAos meticulous approach not only elucidates key concepts in chemistry but also serves as a bridge between classical philosophy and modern scientific thought, making this work essential for scholars, students, and anyone intrigued by the evolution of chemical science.

Explosivos: a ciência da pólvora mergulha nas profundezas da história e da ciência por trás das pólvoras e dos explosivos. Desde os primórdios da pólvora até os avanços modernos, este livro oferece u

In "Familiar Letters on Chemistry, and Its Relation to Commerce, Physiology, and Agriculture," Freiherr von Justus Liebig presents an engaging and accessible exploration of chemistrys essential role in practical life. Written in a series of letters, Liebig employs a conversational literary style that invites readersboth laypersons and scholarsto understand complex scientific principles through relatable real-world applications. The book situates chemistry within the broader contexts of commerce, physiology, and agriculture, effectively illustrating how chemical processes underpin various industries and human health. By democratizing scientific knowledge, Liebig contributes to the burgeoning scientific discourse of the 19th century, rooted in the spirit of the Enlightenment and the practical needs of society. Freiherr von Justus Liebig, a pioneering chemist, significantly influenced both academic research and industrial practices. His work in organic chemistry and agricultural sciences established a foundation for modern chemistry and environmental science. Liebigs passion for empirical research and his desire to make science accessible to the populace stemmed from his formative experiences in an era marked by rapid industrialization and the quest for improved agricultural methods. His letters reflect a deep commitment to promoting scientifically informed public discourse. This book is essential reading for anyone interested in the intersections of science, industry, and societal advancement. Liebigs ability to convey complex ideas in an engaging format makes it a treasure for historians, students, and chemistry enthusiasts alike. By reading these letters, readers will not only gain insight into the transformative impact of chemistry but also appreciate the legacy of a visionary thinker who sought to enlighten society through scientific understanding.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A comprehensive Introduction outlines these selected works unifying features, themes, or stylistic evolutions.- The Author Biography highlights personal milestones and literary influences that shape the entire body of writing.- A Historical Context section situates the works in their broader erasocial currents, cultural trends, and key events that underpin their creation.- A concise Synopsis (Selection) offers an accessible overview of the included texts, helping readers navigate plotlines and main ideas without revealing critical twists.- A unified Analysis examines recurring motifs and stylistic hallmarks across the collection, tying the stories together while spotlighting the different works strengths.- Reflection questions inspire deeper contemplation of the authors overarching message, inviting readers to draw connections among different texts and relate them to modern contexts.- Lastly, our handpicked Memorable Quotes distill pivotal lines and turning points, serving as touchstones for the collections central themes.

A proposta deste livro é apresentar as aplicações diretas dos conceitos de transporte de massa e energia, com uma linguagem clara e objetiva. As aplicações exemplificadas começam com os conceitos de

Físico-Química é uma unidade do programa do curso de gradução de Química, que indroduz ou desenvolve muitos tópicos distintos. Alguns, como termodinámica e cinética, são prontamente reconhecidos como

Este livro mostra, de forma detalhada, passo a passo, as etapas envolvidas desde a obtenção de dados experimentais, o seu tratamento e sua posterior apresentação, majoritariamente, na forma de gráfic

A baixa disponibilidade de nitrogênio é um dos fatores com maior capacidade de comprometer o crescimento vegetal e a produção agrícola. A fixação biológica de nitrogênio é um processo natural que con

The Mission: This new edition of the book continues its mission to provide a clear and comprehensive guide to the chemistry and formulation of adhesives and sealants. The second edition builds on the successful framework of the first, while incorporating the latest changes in legislation, raw materials and market requirements. lt aims to provide professionals with the essential knowledge needed to develop, test and apply adhesives and sealants in a wide range of industrial settings. The Audience: This book is essential reading for anyone working in the field of adhesives and sealants, from newcomers who need a thorough grounding in the basics to seasoned experts seeking insight into the latest market trends and advanced formulation techniques. lt is ideal for chemists, engineers, product developers and laboratory staff who want to stay ahead of the curve in adhesive and sealant development. The Value: The book combines theoretical knowledge with practical expertise, providing readers with both fundamental and cutting-edge insights into the formulation of adhesives and sealants. lt includes detailed chapters on the chemistry behind different types of adhesives, formulation practices and test protocols. With updated formulations and a focus on sustainability, the book provides the knowledge needed to navigate the ever-evolving landscape of adhesive and sealant technologies.