eBooks de Historia medieval universal, página 8 de 30

[…] Como tiempo, el Renacimiento va desde (las bisagras) Dante Alighieri y Giotto di Bondone hasta el siglo xviii, aunque esto, todavía, es motivo de discusión. El va y el hasta, además, se aplica al

Ensayo historiográfico que sigue los pasos de Felipe II desde su nacimiento hasta su muerte. Poniendo la vida del monarca en el contexto histórico de Europa, Balaguer hace un análisis exhaustivo de la situacion geopolitica de España y sus paises vecinos durante el siglo XVI. Pretende, con este libro de dos tomos, estudiar los antecedentes, el caracter, la vida y el gobierno de Felipe II.El segundo tomo empieza con la guerra entre España e Inglaterra. Balaguer ahonda en la historia de Europa, y como esta afecta a la española. Resigue la vida de Felipe II hasta su muerte, causada por una enfermedad, en 1598. El tomo contiene tambien apendices completos sobre politica, religion, ciencia y literatura española durante el reinado del monarca.

Ensayo historiográfico que sigue los pasos de Felipe II desde su nacimiento hasta su muerte. Poniendo la vida del monarca en el contexto histórico de Europa, Balaguer hace un análisis exhaustivo de la situacion geopolitica de España y sus paises vecinos durante el siglo XVI. Pretende, con este libro de dos tomos, estudiar los antecedentes, el caracter, la vida y el gobierno de Felipe II.En el primer tomo, Balaguer se explaya con los antecedentes historicos, europeos y españoles que precedieron al nacimiento del monarca. Balaguer desgrana la vida de Felipe II, desde 1527, su nacimiento, hasta 1587.

Egeria es una dama cristiana del siglo IV, viajera y escritora romana, parece que originaria de la provincia de Hispania y probablemente emparentada con el emperador Teodosio el Grande. De ascendencia noble, gozaba de una posicion economica acomodada y de una cultura notable. Sus escritos revelan una profunda religiosidad y gozan tambien de un valor inestimable por su antiguedad, su frescura y su contribucion a la arqueologia.En el año 378 inicia una peregrinacion a los Santos Lugares, y anota en sus escritos tanto las peripecias del viaje como la descripcion de las ceremonias liturgicas a las que asiste durante su expedicion. Este volumen incluye solo la cronica viajera. Egeria sigue las huellas de Moises, a dieciseis siglos de distancia de lo narrado en el libro del Exodo. Recorre Egipto, Palestina y Mesopotamia, y tambien Asia Menor y Constantinopla. Sin pretension literaria, ayuda al lector a conocer mejor la cuna de la cultura judeocristiana.

Numerosas perspectivas han hecho a los medievalistas interesarse por las prácticas sociales, los modelos de convivencia, las representaciones literarias de la ciudad o la sociotopografía. Imágenes de la ciudad y la vida cotidiana son asuntos frecuentes en los acercamientos que se llevan a cabo. Buscando mayor concrecion dentro de estos enfoques sobre cultura y mentalidades urbanas, los autores, investigan la posibilidad de abordar en distintos escenarios historicos los efectos que las acciones de los grupos sociales y poderes establecidos concejos, Iglesia, monarquia o noblezas, que tuvieron en el gobierno de las villas o ciudades, en la gestion de los espacios publicos o en las relaciones con las elites locales, el comun de vecinos o los oficios. La percepcion que sobre la ciudad y sus habitantes se tenia en la epoca, palpable a traves de textos y documentos, seria igualmente objeto de la exploracion. En la busqueda de la conexion entre las sociedades urbanas y las culturas politicas el ambito estaba fijado en la Corona de Castilla durante los siglos XIII al XV.

Because he had the courage to make his passionate protest against a worldwide terror, Castellios feud with Calvin must remain everlastingly memorable Stefan Zweig saw sixteenth-century Geneva as a place gripped by heresy-hunting fanaticism and raging ideologies of violence. A world in which free-thinking humanists too often foresaw, and failed to protest, the disasters that draconian leaders would bring upon Europe. Theologian and writer Sebastian Castellio, however, did condemn the burning of heretics as murder and advocated for religious tolerance, at great personal cost. Written in 1936 when Zweig himself had just fled the rise of Nazism, The Right to Heresy is the story of Castellios feud with Calvinist doctrine, and an urgent polemic on individual sacrifices made, throughout history, in resistance to authoritarianism.

Women in the Middle Ages led fascinating and often wildly differing everyday lives, depending on their social class and family situation. However, to date this rich variety of experience has not been fully brought to light, because books on the general subject of life in the Middle Ages tend to have multiple chapters devoted to men of different classes (kings, lords, knights, merchants, tradesmen, monks, and so on) and then one chapter at the end entitled women, as though the female half of the population was some kind of homogenous mass! But womens experiences varied just as much as mens did, and in this book we will turn the spotlight on them, in lively and interesting detail, as we meet women of all social classes and learn about their lives.A number of medieval women have been the subject of previous studies and biographies. However, they tend to be the exceptional figures who broke the mould, which leads us to ask: What about the women who were not exceptional, who did not blaze a new trail? What was life like for the vast majority who were obliged to live within the constraints imposed on the female half of the population? This book will provide answers to these questions, shedding light on the full breadth of their experiences for the first time.

The Scientific Revolution didnt begin with sudden breakthroughsit emerged from a profound shift in how European thinkers approached knowledge itself. This book examines how Renaissance scholars gradually prioritized direct observation and reproducible experiment over inherited wisdom from ancient texts and Church doctrine, fundamentally altering humanitys relationship with the natural world.Through manuscript collections, correspondence networks, and laboratory notebooks from figures like Galileo, Vesalius, and lesser-known experimenters, the narrative reveals the intellectual courage required to challenge Aristotelian physics, Galenic medicine, and geocentric cosmology. These werent merely scientific disputes but confrontations with institutional poweruniversities, religious authorities, and professional guilds all had stakes in maintaining established knowledge systems.The book traces how new instruments (telescopes, microscopes, accurate clocks) didnt just enhance human senses but created entirely new categories of observable phenomena that existing theories couldnt explain. It follows the development of mathematical description as a legitimate way to understand nature, the rise of collaborative scientific communities through academies and journals, and the slow establishment of empirical evidence as arbiter of truth.Crucially, the narrative examines who could participate in this revolutionwealthy amateurs with leisure time, court-sponsored researchers, artisans whose practical knowledge informed theoryand who remained excluded, shaping which questions got asked and which observations counted as legitimate.

The Crusades are remembered as holy wars fought for Jerusalems salvation. Yet this spiritual narrative overlooks the economic and political forces that sustained two centuries of military campaigns: Italian merchant cities competing for Mediterranean trade dominance, younger sons of noble families seeking land they could never inherit at home, and papal authority using warfare to consolidate institutional power across Christian Europe.This book traces the Crusades through financial records, merchant correspondence, land charters, and eyewitness accounts from multiple perspectivesLatin Christian, Byzantine, Muslim, and Jewish. It examines how religious motivation intertwined with material interest, how local populations experienced repeated invasions, and how the movement transformed European society through debt financing, taxation systems, and the militarization of religious orders.By analyzing the gap between stated purpose and documented action, this work reveals how the Crusades functioned as engines of territorial ambition and economic reorganization. It explores the human cost on all sides while asking: when does religious conviction become inseparable from the pursuit of wealth and power?

Vikings are remembered as raiders terrorizing medieval Europe. Yet this violent narrative overlooks what sustained Norse expansion across four centuries: agricultural settlements seeking arable land, merchant networks trading furs and walrus ivory, and political systems adapting to local conditionsfrom integrating into Francias feudal structure to establishing parliamentary assemblies in Iceland and trading partnerships in Byzantine Constantinople.This book traces Viking activity through settlement archaeology, runestone inscriptions, saga accounts, and contemporary records from attacked communities. It examines how Norse farmers colonized Iceland and Greenland seeking independence from Scandinavian kings, how Dublin and York functioned as trading hubs rather than military outposts, and how Viking leaders converted to Christianity when political advantage required it. The focus extends beyond dramatic raids to include the women managing farms during mens absence, the enslaved people whose labor sustained colonies, and the environmental limits that ended Greenland settlements.By analyzing the economic and social foundations of Norse expansion, this work reveals a more complete picture: not just warriors, but communities seeking resources, trade access, and political autonomy. It explores how Vikings succeeded through adaptationand failed when environmental and political realities exceeded their capacity to adjust.

The Renaissance celebrates individual geniusMichelangelo, Leonardo, Raphael. Yet this narrative of solitary brilliance overlooks the economic and social structures that made masterpieces possible: wealthy families competing for political legitimacy through commissioned art, guild regulations determining who could legally practice, and workshop systems where dozens of assistants executed the masters designs.This book reexamines Renaissance art through contracts, payment records, guild documents, and workshop inventories. It traces how art functioned as political currency for the Medici and other banking families, how artists navigated between creative vision and patron demands, and how marble quarrying, pigment trade, and apprenticeship networks shaped what could actually be produced. The focus extends beyond famous names to include the skilled laborersplasterers, gilders, stone carverswhose work remained anonymous.By analyzing the material conditions of artistic production, this work reveals how Renaissance achievement emerged from collaborative labor embedded in specific economic relationships. It asks: when we admire a painting, whose genius are we really witnessingthe individual artist or the entire system that sustained their work?

Medieval Europe is often imagined as uniformly pious, with the Church dictating every aspect of life. The reality was far more complex. Religious authority faced constant negotiation: bishops clashed with kings over jurisdiction, monasteries competed for pilgrims and relics, parish priests struggled against folk traditions they could not erase, and lay people practiced Christianity in ways Rome never approved.This book traces the lived experience of religion across a thousand years. It examines monastic reform movements that promised spiritual renewal yet accumulated enormous wealth. It follows pilgrimage routes linking distant villages to Jerusalem, Santiago, and Canterbury, revealing religion as commerce, adventure, and penance intertwined. It enters cathedral construction sites, listening to masons, merchants, and bishops argue over sacred geometry and urban prestige. It uncovers popular heresiesCathars, Waldensians, Lollardschallenging institutional orthodoxy from below.Drawing on parish records, miracle accounts, inquisition trials, and archaeological evidence of shrines and burial practices, this narrative reveals medieval Christianity as negotiation between official doctrine and local custom. It examines the Crusades as religious violence and economic expansion, the cult of saints as communal identity and political leverage, and the rise of universities as theology became intellectual debate rather than received truth.From rural chapels to papal courts, from mystical visions to liturgical spectacle, this is the story of how religion ordered medieval society yet never fully tamed the messiness of human belief. Medieval Europe offers insight into the persistence of popular religion despite institutional control, the political uses of sacred authority, and the tension between universal claims and local practice.

Medieval Europe is remembered through its monumentsstone castles, soaring cathedrals, illuminated manuscripts. Yet most people never entered a castle, never commissioned a manuscript, and saw cathedrals only from a distance. Their lives unfolded in thatched cottages, muddy village lanes, cramped workshops, and markets smelling of fish and leather. Understanding medieval society requires looking past the exceptional to find the typical.This book reconstructs daily existence through material evidence and documentary fragments. It follows the agricultural calendar governing peasant lifeplowing, planting, harvesting under manorial obligations and communal cooperation. It enters urban households managing apprentices, maintaining ovens, negotiating guild regulations and marriage contracts. It examines food preparation, clothing production, childcare arrangements, and medical practices combining herbal knowledge with religious ritual.Drawing on archaeological finds, manorial court rolls, account books, and guild records, this narrative reveals the textures of ordinary experience. It traces the gendered division of labor in fields and workshops, the precariousness of harvest-dependent survival, the violence of childbirth and infant mortality, and the constant negotiation between individual needs and communal norms. It examines market days as social exchange, alehouses as village politics, and religious festivals as breaks from relentless labor.From sunrise prayers to evening curfew bells, from seasonal migration to urban epidemics, this is the story of how most medieval people actually livednot in chronicle drama but in repetitive work, small pleasures, communal dependencies, and the struggle to feed families through winter. Medieval daily life reveals the resilience of communities facing scarcity, the creativity of material culture under constraint, and the human dimensions hidden beneath grand historical narratives.

The medieval knight exists in popular imagination as a figure of chivalric romancenoble, courageous, bound by honor. The historical reality was far more complex: a warrior class shaped by brutal training regimens, economic calculation, evolving battlefield technology, and the constant negotiation between martial prowess and social expectations.This book examines medieval warfare and knightly culture through multiple lenses: the physical demands and costs of maintaining mounted combat capability, the evolution of siege warfare and its impact on castle architecture, the role of mercenaries and foot soldiers whose contributions were systematically downplayed, and the gap between chivalric ideals and the violence of actual campaigns. It explores how tournaments served as both training ground and political theater, how ransoming prisoners became economic strategy, and how the introduction of longbows and early firearms challenged the knights battlefield dominance.Drawing on military manuals, chronicle accounts, archaeological evidence from battlefields, and the material culture of armor and weaponry, it traces how warfare shaped social mobility, drained treasuries, devastated countryside populations, and created codes of conduct that attemptedwith limited successto regulate brutality. It examines how knighthood functioned as both military role and social identity, how younger sons sought fortune through warfare, and how the Crusades exposed European knights to different tactical approaches.This is an exploration of how medieval societies organized violence, rewarded martial skill, and struggled with the contradiction between Christian morality and the realities of conquest.

Traditional methods of studying the past have always given greater importance to nationalist, religious and moral interests, which subordinated the historical fact to the System point of view. Thats how we have been educated. The time has come to simplify and show respect for our ancestors, striving to know what really happened in the past, and not just what they want to inform us about. After so many years of studying History, I came to the conclusion that the best study system is through an impartial, objective Chronology that just put each event in its exact place in time, revealing History without manipulation. This Chronology contains not only purely political facts, such as the foundation of cities, the birth of kingdoms and empires, scientific and geographical discoveries, natural disasters and epidemics; it also includes information on the most different fields of human activity: chemistry, astronomy, geography, mathematics, and so on. In parallel, the chronology is complemented by data that do not belong to a specific date, but to an entire epoch, they are each society generalities, curiosities, customs, the religion of each civilization, inventions or discoveries that cannot be placed in an exact date, etc. The result of all this set is one of the most complete chronologies within its reach, periodically updated with the latest archaeological and scientific discoveries, and that transforms the reader into an eyewitness of the past, understanding the relation of geographically distant facts to each other, but closely connected in time and influencing unexpected consequences. This is something that traditional history has generally ignored when it was not usable. A work of this magnitude could not be published in a single book, so I have divided it into several collections, and the Spanish originals are being translated into French, English, Italian and Portuguese. The chronology goes from prehistory to the present day year by year, as far as possible. For those who prefer a deeper and more detailed study, I have prepared a second chronology, day by day, which for now covers from 1789 to 1946, divided into five collections.

Os métodos tradicionais de estudo do passado sempre deram maior importância aos pontos de vista nacionalistas, religiosos e morais, que subordinaram o fato histórico ao interesse do sistema. Chegou a

The History of the Crusades (Vol. 1-3) narrates the movement from Urban IIs call at Clermont to the late medieval eclipse of Latin power in the Levant, blending battles, pilgrimage, and diplomacy into a grand synthesis. From medieval chronicles and records, Michaud fashions vivid scenes and analytic digressions on institutions and geography, hallmarks of Romantic-era French historiography: eloquent, moralizing, yet attentive to logistics, law, and coalition politics. Joseph François Michaud (1767-1839), a royalist journalist and editor of La Quotidienne, wrote under the Restorations Catholic and monarchical ethos. He scoured French and Italian archives and later traveled in the Eastern Mediterranean with J.-J.-F. Poujoulat, turning site visits and correspondence into narrative texture. His political ordeals and Counter-Revolutionary convictions supplied the moral architecture for his reading of crusade piety and power. Scholars and general readers will value this trilogy as both narrative and artifact: a foundational nineteenth-century synthesis that shaped Europes memory of the Crusades. Read it for its archival range and storytelling verve, but in concert with recent scholarship, which recalibrates its apologetic tone and Orientalizing assumptions.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.

In The treatise of Lorenzo Valla on the Donation of Constantine, the humanist subjects the most consequential medieval charter to a stringent philological audit. By scrutinizing vocabulary, syntax, and legal formulae, he shows the Latin to be medieval, not Constantinian, exposing anachronistic offices, titles, and procedures. Fusing Ciceronian elegance with forensic invective, Valla places textual evidence above tradition, a hallmark of early Renaissance ad fontes scholarship. Valla, trained in rhetoric and philology and moving between curial and courtly service, composed the treatise amid the contests of the 1440s. As secretary to Alfonso of Aragon in Naples, he deployed philology against papal temporal claims. His Elegantiae and later scriptural notes reveal the habits behind it: classical norms, anti-scholastic polemic, and institutional acuity. Recommended to readers of Renaissance humanism, church history, and legal culture, this work models the power of language history to test authority. It remains a concise primer in critical method and a landmark in the politics of knowledge. Anyone curious how arguments about words reshape institutions will find it incisive, learned, and bracing.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Author Biography · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.

Walter Besants Medieval London (Vol. 1 & 2) reconstructs the city from Norman consolidation to the late Middle Ages. Volume I, History, traces civic government, wards and liberties, guilds and livery companies, markets, law courts, and Thames-borne commerce, interlacing chronicles with charters and records. Volume II, Ecclesiastical, surveys cathedral, parish, monastery, and friary, the liturgical calendar, cults, and schooling, relating sacred topography to daily life. In lucid Victorian prose, Besant marries archival precision to narrative verve, supported by plans and illustrations. A novelist-turned-antiquary and tireless walker of London, Besant combined literary craft with meticulous research in Stow and the civic archives, while campaigning for urban reform and authors rights. His firsthand acquaintance with the metropolis shaped his interest in the medieval institutions beneath its modern streets. Published posthumously, the work distills decades of collecting notes, maps, and anecdotes into an authoritative, accessible synthesis. Essential for medievalists, urban historians, genealogists, and curious Londoners, these volumes remain a landmark of topographical scholarship. Read them to see how streets, parishes, and guilds cohered into a city whose medieval frameworks still underwrite Londons modern character.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.

Across three volumes, The History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella the Catholic charts the union of Castile and Aragon, the fall of Granada, the Inquisition, and the first Atlantic expeditions. Prescott blends high politics, institutional reform, and court drama in a stately, source-driven narrative dense with notes. Composed within nineteenthcentury Anglo-American historiography, it marries Romantic color to a budding critical method, placing the Catholic Monarchs at the shift from medieval to centralized early modern rule. Boston-born and hampered by early eye injuries, Prescott built a research regime of secretaries, private libraries, and correspondents. Trained in Spanish letters by George Ticknor and aided by Pascual de Gayangos, he mined chronicles and state papers, including Simancas transcripts. A liberal Protestant outlook sharpened his critique of coercion even as he admired the administrative rigor enabling dynastic consolidation. This classic remains indispensable for students of Iberian state formation, empire, and monarchy. Its capacious synthesis, elegant prose, and careful sourcing reward readers, though recent work nuances its judgments. For scholars and curious readers alike, it opens lucidly onto Granadas fall, Columbuss voyage, and a new European power.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Author Biography · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.