Libros de ciencias, página 16 de 2693

The book is devoted to the physics of plasma at high density, which has been compressed so strongly that the effects of interparticle interactions and non-ideality govern its behavior. Interest in this non-traditional plasma has been generated in recent years when states of matter with high concentration of energy became accessible experimentally as the basis of modern technologies and facilities. The greatest part of the matter in the Universe is in this exotic state. In this book, the methods of generation and diagnostics of strongly coupled plasmas are presented, along with the main theoretical methods and experimental results on thermodynamical, kinetic and optical properties. Particular attention is given to fast developing modern directions of strongly coupled plasma physics such as metallization of dielectrics and dielectrization of metals, non-neutral plasmas, dusty plasmas and their crystallization. The book is written for physicists and astrophysicists, engineers, and material scientists. The book is devoted to the physics of plasma at high density, which has been compressed so strongly that the effects of interparticle interactions and non-ideality govern its behavior. Interest in this non-traditional plasma has been generated in recent years when states of matter with high concentration of energy became accessible experimentally as the basis of modern technologies and facilities. The greatest part of the matter in the Universe is in this exotic state. In this book, the methods of generation and diagnostics of strongly coupled plasmas are presented, along with the main theoretical methods and experimental results on thermodynamical, kinetic and optical properties. Particular attention is given to fast developing modern directions of strongly coupled plasma physics such as metallization of dielectrics and dielectrization of metals, non-neutral plasmas, dusty plasmas and their crystallization. The book is written for physicists and astrophysicists, engineers, and material scientists.

Based on the latest progress in superconductivity research, the authors form a conventional theory of superconductivity and express BCS paring theory at a higher level. They especially emphasis the importance of the long-range phase coherence for the superconductivity. They also point out some misunderstandings of basic concepts about superconductivity in present textbooks and monographs. They illustrate the correct theory of the high-Tc superconductivity and the application of the high-Tc superconductors to establish a correct and detailed theory regarding this mechanism in different systems.

The point of departure of this book is a triad of themes: information theory, thermodynamics, and quantum mechanics. These are related: thermodynamics and quantum mechanics form the basis of quantum thermodynamics; information and quantum mechanics underly, inter alia, the notorious quantum measurement problem; and information and thermodynamics have much to say about control limits in the tension between micro- and macro-descriptions. Why does the world around us typically look thermal-from cosmology down to individual embedded spins? Do informational measures constitute additional (independent) parameters beyond physical ones? Is the transition between mechanical and thermal systems gradual or discontinuous? Pertinent examples can be found in various processes implemented on small quantum systems. Particularly attractive are model systems that can be treated thermodynamically, but-to some extent-also exactly, that is, based on pure quantum dynamics. This possibility opens the door to nano-thermodynamics. In this sense, the book aims at a modern perspective of nanoscale applications, defined here as a potential realization of various functions as constrained by given resources.

By combining the analysis of biotic and abiotic components of terrestrial ecosystems this book synthesizes material on arid and semiarid landscapes which was previously scattered among various books and journal articles It focuses on water limited ecosystems which are highly sensitive to fluctuations in hydrologic conditions and in turn play an important role in affecting the regional water cycle Intended as a tool for scientists working in the area of the earth and environmental sciences this book presents the basic principles of eco hydrology as well as a broad spectrum of topics and advances in this research field Written by authors with diverse areas of expertise who work in arid areas around the world the contributions describe the various interactions between the biological and physical dynamics in dryland ecosystems ranging from basic processes in the soil vegetation climate system to landscape scale hydrologic and geomorphic processes ecohydrologic controls on soil nutrient dynamics and multiscale analyses of disturbances and patterns

Volume 2 offers a unique blend of classical results of Sophus Lie with new, modern developments and numerous applications which span a period of more than 100 years. As a result, this reference is up to date, with the latest information on the group theoretic methods used frequently in mathematical physics and engineering. Volume 2 is divided into three parts. Part A focuses on relevant definitions, main algorithms, group classification schemes for partial differential equations, and multifaceted possibilities offered by Lie group theoretic philosophy. Part B contains the group analysis of a variety of mathematical models for diverse natural phenomena. It tabulates symmetry groups and solutions for linear equations of mathematical physics, classical field theory, viscous and non-Newtonian fluids, boundary layer problems, Earth sciences, elasticity, plasticity, plasma theory (Vlasov-Maxwell equations), and nonlinear optics and acoustics. Part C offers an English translation of Sophus Lie's fundamental paper on the group classification and invariant solutions of linear second-order equations with two independent variables. This will serve as a concise, practical guide to the group analysis of partial differential equations.

Kenya is a thriving country in East Africa: its economy is largely based on the natural environment that frames the tourism sector, mainly through safaris and holidays on the coast. The natural environment also underpins the second largest industry: agriculture. Kenya's social, technological, and industrial developments are a reference for many neighboring countries. Kenya plays a leading role in Africa and attracts huge amounts of investments. Furthermore, the humanitarian community has made Nairobi its base for international headquarters and regional offices. This makes Kenya a possible model for development and investment in its widest sense. This book aims at updating the holistic view on Kenya's natural environment and resources. It provides a sound scientific introduction to this country's physical and socioeconomic setting and its evolution through time and will appeal to a broad audience of students - in Kenya and abroad - as well as those working in the development and humanitarian sectors and to international donors looking for a scientific compendium on Kenya's environment. Its structure and references allow the reader to deepen his or her knowledge of every theme touched on in the book. It combines different aspects of physical geography, water and soil resources and their management strategies. It is written by a blend of international and national experts. It includes specific case studies.

Brock, Fred V. Richardson, Scott J.This book treats instrumentation used in meteorological surface systems, both on the synoptic scale and the mesoscale, and the instrumentation used in upper air soundings. The text includes material on first- and second-order differential equations as applied to instrument dynamic performance, and required solutions are developed. Sensor physics are emphasized in order to explain how sensors work and to explore the strengths and weaknesses of each design type. The book is organized according to sensor type and function (temperature, humidity, and wind sensors, for example), though several unifying themes are developed for each sensor. Functional diagrams are used to portray sensors as a set of logical functions, and static sensitivity is derived from a sensor's transfer equation, focusing attention on sensor physics and on ways in which particular designs might be improved. Sensor performance specifications are explored, helping to compare various instruments and to tell users what to expect as a reasonable level of performance. Finally, the text examines the critical area of environmental exposure of instruments. In a well-designed, properly installed, and well-maintained meteorological measurement system, exposure problems are usually the largest source of error, making this chapter one of the most useful sections of the book.

This book discusses in detail the facts and findings related to the X Press Pearl container vessel accident that occurred in May 2021 off the coast of Colombo Sri Lanka The ship was carrying a large consignment of chemicals and diverse hazardous materials that caused a disastrous and vast environmental and social catastrophe in the region Through many case studies accumulated knowledge and experiences the authors discuss the accident response risk mitigation investigation and damage assessment activities from the very onset of the accident It helps researchers and regulators understand the facts of this unique marine chemical accident and to formulate necessary future regulations as well as to develop robust safety and sustainability management systems and safety cultures Features Written by authorities who led the team involved in accident response and damage assessment Focuses on identifying plausible root causes pitfalls in accident response and weaknesses in current regulatory and management protocols Delivers in depth understanding of a unique marine chemical accident to help formulate necessary future policies and regulations related to such disasters Includes many case studies related to the accident illustrated with photos and figures that are tru

The whole thing was basically an experiment," Richard Feynman said late in his career, looking back on the origins of his lectures. The experiment turned out to be hugely successful, spawning a book that has remained a definitive introduction to physics for decades. Ranging from the most basic principles of Newtonian physics through such formidable theories as general relativity and quantum mechanics, Feynman's lectures stand as a monument of clear exposition and deep insight. Now, we are reintroducing the printed books to the trade, fully corrected, for the first time ever, and in collaboration with Caltech. Timeless and collectible, the lectures are essential reading, not just for students of physics but for anyone seeking an introduction to the field from the inimitable Feynman.

Essentials of Ecology 4th Edition presents introductory ecology in an accessible state of the art format designed to cultivate the novice student s understanding of and fascination with the natural world In a concise engaging style this text outlines the essential principles of ecology from the theoretical fundamentals to their practical applications Full color artwork simple pedagogical features and a wide range of carefully chosen examples make this book an ideal introduction to ecology for students at all levels

The monograph describes the modern understanding of the evolution of structural and phase states of dislocation substructures and the fracture surface at high-cycle fatigue of stainless steels of different structural classes. Modern methods of physical materials and primarily scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the analysis of changes in fine defect substructure and the fracture surfaces of fatigue during normal processing conditions and low energy electron beams, significantly increases the fatigue life are discussed. The physical mechanisms of increasing fatigue life are discussed.

This book describes available tribology technologies and introdces a comprehensive overview of tribology. General, up-to-date knowledge on how tribology is approached in various related areas of research, both experimental and computational is provided.