Ebooks de ciencias, página 15 de 710

Bioluminescence, the cold living light or the cold fire of the sea, is extremely common in all oceans at all depths. However, this phenomenon is nearly absent in freshwater, with the exception of a freshwater limpet. More than 75% of deep-sea creatures have been reported to produce their own light. The luminescent marine plankton such as dinoflagellate, radiolarians, jellyfish, comb jellies, annelids, copepods, ostracods, mysids, amphipods, euphausiids, and tunicates form an important component in the marine food chain. Research on luminescent marine plankton is gaining momentum owing to its importance in life science research and medicine. The glowing Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) extracted from the North Pacific jellyfish, Aqueorea victoria (for which the Japanese biologist, Osamu Shimonmura won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2008) has helped shed light on key processes such as the spread of cancer, the development of brain cells, the growth of bacteria, damage to cells by Alzheimers disease, and the development of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Therefore, it is difficult to underscore the importance of bioluminescence and the organisms associated with this phenomenon. Bioluminescent Marine Plankton is a unique reference that attempts to provide answers to questions about bioluminescence. The first of its kind, this book attempts to answer questions on the subject with a focus on planktonic organisms. 12 chapters provide information about the chemistry of bioluminescence, types of bioluminescent displays, distribution of bioluminescence among marine plankton, ecological functions and utility of planktonic bioluminescence. Chapters are dedicated to the biology and ecology of specific groups of plankton that span about 200 luminescent marine species. The detailed book is an essential compendium on marine plankton for a broad range of readers who want to learn about bioluminescent plankton. A list of detailed references is also provided for the benefit of teachers, students, researchers and enthusiasts interested in marine biology, aquaculture, and environmental sciences.

This book integrates knowledge about innovative technologies developed in the past decade with information about commercial-scale processes. It is written with the objective to help readers to understand the potential of achieving sustainability and high efficiency in wastewater treatment. The book presents nine chapters. Chapter 1 details the types of wastewater, its characteristics, and the major commercial-scale strategies employed to treat wastewater. Chapter 2 details the different types of physicochemical methods utilized for the remediation of heavy metals, dyes, and xenobiotics. Chapters 3 and 4 highlight innovations in the advanced oxidation process and adsorption for remediation of such complex molecules, respectively. Chapters 5, 6, and 7 highlight the recent innovations in bioremediation of xenobiotics, heavy metals, and dyes, respectively. Finally, chapters 8 and 9 discuss the latest technologies, prevailing bottlenecks, and the path ahead towards commercial viability and environmental sustainability in both physico-chemical and biological treatment processes.

Chemistry of Bipyrazoles: Synthesis and Applications covers the synthetic pathways for all types of bipyrazoles. 5 chapters cover bipyrazole systems, N,N- and N,C-bipyrazoles, namely 1,1`-bipyrazole, 1,3`-bipyrazole, 1,4`-bipyrazole, 3,3`-bipyrazoles, 3,4`-bipyrazoles and 4,4`-bipyrazoles The contents explain several types of reactions: 1) condensation reactions of hydrazines with tetracarbonyls, dihydroxydicarbonyl compounds or pyrazole-based difunctional compounds; 2) 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of pyrazole-based hydrazonoyl halides with activated methylene compounds; 3) metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The book concludes with a chapter that details the applications of bipyrazole derivatives in different industries. Information about advanced concepts used in chemical engineering such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and corrosion inhibition are highlighted. The book contents are presented in an easy-to-understand manner suitable for readers in organic chemistry at senior levels of education and industry expertise. Each chapter is supplemented with detailed references.

Bio-based polymers are materials that are produced from renewable resources. Their biodegradable properties are the driver of worldwide interest among researchers and manufacturers in recent years due to the demand and need for alternatives to fossil fuel based polymers. The use of biodegradable polymers creates a sustainable industry. In contrast, the raw materials for synthetic polymers derived from petrochemicals will eventually deplete and most of them are non-biodegradable. Despite these advantages, bio-based polymers account for only a tiny fraction of the total global plastic market. Non-biodegradability issues of synthetic pharmaceutical inactive ingredients strongly emphasized innovators towards the development of biopolymers. Recently natural biodegradable excipients gained significant attention due to their sustainability and engineered applications. Innovative technologies to transform these materials into value-added chemicals via novel graft-polymerization or co-processing techniques for the production of high-performance multifunctional and low-cost polymers with tunable structures are key parts of its sustainable development. Biopolymers Towards Green and Sustainable Development elaborates on important issues that surround bio-based polymers. It gives the reader an overview of biopolymers, the impact of non-biodegradable polymers on the environment and health, emerging sources of biodegradable polymers, structural and morphological characterization techniques, thermomechanical properties, biodegradable plastics from biopolymers, pharmaceutical, biomedical, and textile applications, and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Moreover, a brief bibliometric meta-analysis on bio-based pharmaceutical excipients provides an update about teams involved in the development of polymeric research that may be of interest to anyone who wants to work on sustainable biopolymer projects. Key Features - provides an updated summary on recently discovered natural polymeric materials- gives a thorough breakdown of the vast range of biopolymer applications including fabrication of conventional and novel drug delivery, polymeric scaffolds, composites, microneedles, and green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles,- summarizes pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of the inactive pharmaceutical ingredient and excipients- presents a bibliometric meta-analysis indicating potential collaboration between country, organization, institution, and authors with a view on recent ongoing trends in tyhe biopolymer landscape.

This book highlights the advancements in the manufacture and testing of functional composites, metal matrix composites and polymer matrix composites. Chapters provide information about machinability studies of metals and composites using a variety of analytical techniques. The 12 book chapters also highlight updates in manufacturing technologies like CNC turning processes, electrical discharge machining, end milling, abrasive jet machining, electro chemical machining, additive manufacturing, and resistance spot welding. Readers will learn how to solve applied problems in industrial processing and applications. The book is of significant interest to industrialists working on the basic and experimental parameters for fabricating functional composites and manufacturing technology. Because of the multidisciplinary nature of the presented topics, the information presented in the book is of value to a broad audience involved in research, including materials scientists, chemists, physicists, manufacturing and chemical engineers and processing specialists who are involved and interested in the frontiers of composite materials.

An Introduction to Plant Immunity is a comprehensive guide to plant immunology and stress response. The book covers the topic in 21 detailed chapters, starting from an introduction to the subject to the latest knowledge about plant disease resistance. The topics covered in the book include plant pathogens, plant diseases, plant immunity, passive defense mechanisms, acquired resistance, molecular genetics of plant immunology, protein function and genetic engineering. Each chapter provides a reader-friendly introduction along with clear sections detailing each topic. Additionally, detailed references for further reading are also provided. The combination of basic and advanced information on plant immunity make this book an essential textbook for students in botany and plant biology courses. Researchers interested in plant genomics and the effects of environmental and microbial interactions on plants will also benefit from this informative reference.

Influenza is one of the most ancient and intriguing diseases that has been accompanying our civilization for millennia. While mankind has successfully defeated many dangerous influenza infections in the last couple of centuries, influenza control remains a serious problem for public health. A number of influenza vaccines and antiviral compounds have been licensed in recent times. However, the influenza virus is still ahead of us, as it continues to persistently infect humans to this day. Influenza: A Century of Research shows how influenza virology has developed historically and the tremendous knowledge that has been uncovered in the study of influenza. In this monograph, the authors present a historical perspective on influenza, chronologically, with an emphasis on its virology. Chapters cover information about the isolation of the first influenza viruses, substrates, and models for studying influenza, structure, and life cycle of the influenza virus, mechanisms of attenuation and virulence. Chapters progress into the multidisciplinary aspects of influenza research such as influenza virus ecology and the evolutionary origin of epidemic and pandemic influenza viruses. A significant part of the book also covers the description of the prevention and treatment of influenza and reasons that have contributed to insufficient control for influenza. The questions of how the COVID-19 pandemic affects the circulation of seasonal respiratory viruses, and if we can eliminate this virus are also addressed. Influenza: A Century of Research is an informative source of information for a broad range of readers, academic or otherwise, who are interested in knowing more about the disease.

This handbook is a guide to numerical and experimental processes that are used to analyze and improve the efficiency of vertical axis rotors. Chapters present information that is required to optimize the geometrical parameters of rotors or understand how to augment upstream water velocity. The authors of this volume present a numerical model to characterize the water flow around the vertical axis rotors using commercial CFD code in Ansys Fluent. The software has been used to select adequate parameters and perform computational simulations of spiral Darrieus turbines. The contents of the volume explain the experimental procedure carried out to evaluate the performance of the spiral Darrieus turbine, how to characterize the water flow in the vicinity of the tested turbine and the method to assess the spiral angle influence on the turbine performance parameters. Results for different spiral angles (ranging from 10 to 40) are presented. This volume is a useful handbook for engineers involved in power plant design and renewable energy sectors who are studying the computational fluid dynamics of vertical axis turbines (such as Darrieus turbines) that are used in hydropower projects. Key features: - 4 chapters that cover the numerical and experimental analysis of vertical axis rotors and hydrokinetic turbines - Simple structured layout for easy reading (methodology, models and results) - Bibliographic study to introduce the reader to the subject - A wide range of parameters included in experiments - A comprehensive appendix of tables for mechanical parameters, statistical models, rotor parameters and geometric details.

This book focuses on cases and studies of interest to mechanical engineers and industrial technicians. The considered applications in this volume are widely used in several industrial fields particularly in the automotive and aviation industries. Readers will understand the theory and techniques which are used in each application covered in each chapter. The book contents include the following topics: Numerical analysis of hydrokinetic turbines Computational fluid dynamics of a CuO based nanofluid in mini-channel cross-sections Orthodontic biomechanics of a NiTi arch wires Reynolds number effects on fluid flow through Savonius rotors Effect of operating parameters on Zn-Mn alloys deposited from additive-free chloride bath Optical properties and stability of a blue-emitting phosphor (Sr2P2O7:Eu2+) Under UV and VUV excitation Numerical study of the influence of nanofluid type on thermal improvement in a three dimensional mini channel Electrochemical studies and characterization of Zn-Mn coatings deposited in the presence of novel organic additives Prediction of fire and smoke propagation under a range of external conditions Structural design of a 10 kW H-Darrieus wind turbine The presented case studies and development approaches aim to provide the readers, such as graduate students, PhD candidates and professionals with basic and applied information broadly related to mechanical engineering and technology.

Frontiers in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Volume 10[Edited for Volume 10]Stem cell and regenerative medicine research is an important area of clinical research which promises to change the face of medicine as it will be practiced in the years to come. Challenges in the 21st century to combat diseases such as cancer, Alzheimers disease and retinal disorders, among others, may well be addressed employing stem cell therapies and tissue regeneration techniques. Frontiers in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research brings updates on multidisciplinary topics relevant to stem cell research and their application in regenerative medicine. The series is essential reading for researchers seeking updates in stem cell therapeutics and regenerative medicine. Volume 10 includes 5 chapters on these topics: -Novel drugs and their stem cell-based targets for osteoporosis: challenges and proceedings-The role of cancer stem cells in disease progression and therapy resistance-Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth in tissue regeneration-The fate of toxicological studies: from animal models to stem cell-based methods-Effect of material properties on differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

Soft robotics is a subfield of robotics that encompasses the design and fabrication of robots with soft and compliant materials. Soft robots represent components like human prosthetics or biomimicking systems. Soft robotics relies on technically astute designs based on the correct choice of materials to enable a level of dexterity not possible with rigid components alone. The basic prime movers (actuators) and perception (sensors) require control systems capable of accommodating imprecise feedback data and often unpredictable reaction times. Mobility in such robots is more akin to entomological or marine systems than conventional guided vehicles. This reference is a guide to materials and systems used in soft robotics. If features 6 chapters contributed by robotics experts that review fundamental and applied topics that are important for understanding the requirements of soft robotics design projects and the physics of the polymers involved. Chapters are organized for easy reading and include references. The topics include: - Aspects of materials processing and engineering for the development of soft robotic devices - A review on biological gripping principles and their application to robotics - Information about self-sensing electroadhesive polymer grippers with magnetically controllable surface geometry - Theoretical and experimental investigations of magnetic hybrid materials - Modeling and dynamic analysis of a novel rotary soft robotic arm by transfer matrix method - Design and control of a portable continuum robot for pipe inspection assisted by a rigid manipulator This book is a suitable reference for scholars and engineers who are seeking knowledge about materials and design principles in soft robotics with its practical applications.

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field. Contents of this volume include these 7 reviews: - Recent advances in copper-catalyzed heterocyclic syntheses- Application of modern green chemistry methods in the synthesis of quinolines, quinazolines and quinazolinones- Electroluminescence polymers-a review on synthesis by organic compounds- Multicomponent approach for the synthesis of xanthenes- From atoms to macromolecules: 100 years of polymer research- An overview of oxidizing and reducing agents in total synthesis- Amino acid-derived ionic liquids: novel biodegradable catalytic systems for green synthesis of heterocycles

Este libro no es un texto de Química inorgánica industrial. Su objetivo es proporcionar una introducción crítica a la Química inorgánica moderna. Se ha intentado que sea claro y de fácil lectura, orientado mas al estudiante que al profesor. Para facilitar la comprension de las materias estudiadas, al final de cada capitulo se incluyen algunos problemas y no de meras cuestiones de revision. A lo largo de todo el texto se ha tenido cuidado en distinguir las magnitudes de definicion exacta, de las que aun teniendo una definicion precisa, no se pueden medir sin la introduccion de ciertos supuestos.

El principal objetivo de este libro, dedicado a la enseñanza de las matemáticas en el área de la ingeniería del petróleo, es ofrecer a los estudiantes y docentes material de apoyo didáctico que integre tanto la fisica de los problemas de estudio como las tecnicas matematicas necesarias para resolverlos. Otro de sus objetivos es que sirva como libro de consulta para profesionales de areas afines que requieran conocer, de manera practica, algunos conceptos y terminologia de la ingenieria petrolera. Los estudiantes de otras carreras que esten interesados en el planteamiento matematico de problemas fisicos modelados por medio de ecuaciones diferenciales de segundo orden tambien encontraran que este libro les sera de mucha utilidad.

En esta obra se incluye el conjunto de vegetales calificados, acertadamente, de inferiores: Bacterias y Pteriodófitos o Helechos. Esta botánica está destinada a un público ya iniciado: Estudiantes, Biologos, Farmaceuticos y Agronomos.

Este libro se ha escrito pensando fundamentalmente en los alumnos de la especialidad de máquinas que cursan su carrera en las Escuelas de Náutica. Tales estudios, a raíz de disposiciones legales de los ultimos años, han adquirido nivel universitario, por lo que las diferentes disciplinas soporte de la especialidad de maquinas requieren de un nuevo y razonado enfoque.Ahora bien, aun cuando la motivacion del libro es la antedicha, su contenido y orientacion metodologica le confieren un mas amplio espectro de utilizacion, de forma que podra ser utilizado como texto o bien como obra de consulta por aquellos que cursan carreras de orientacion tecnica, como pueden ser las de Ingenieria Industrial, Naval o Aeronautica o las licenciaturas en ciencias para las especialidades de Fisica o de Quimica Industrial.

Establecer los principios fundamentales de la Física con claridad y precisión es una misión de los textos de Física general. Pero normalmente esto no basta para entender la Física. Es necesario ilustrar estos principios con ejemplos sobre sus aplicaciones y los textos generales no pueden recargar excesivamente sus paginas con el numero necesario de ejercicios, cuestiones y problemas.Este es en lineas generales el proposito de los autores al escribir este libro.Completar la formacion del alumno de Fisica de la Universidad o Escuelas Tecnicas mediante una exposicion de cuestiones, ejemplos e ilustraciones tomadas en su mayor parte de la vida real.

Este tomo, quinto del Curso de Física de Berkeley (B.P.C.) ofrece una introducción al estudio de los sistemas macroscópicos formados por muchas partículas. La Mecánica estadística, la Teoría cinética, la Termodinamica y el calor se discuten desde un punto de vista simple y unificado, destacando aquellos conceptos fundamentales que son utiles a los estudiantes de Fisica, Quimica, Biologia e Ingenieria.

La Mecánica clásica actual está lejos de ser un tema cerrado. Las tres últimas décadas han visto la floración de nuevos desarrollos en Mecánica clásica, el abordaje de nuevos problemas y la aplicación de las tecnicas de la Mecanica clasica a cuestiones de largo alcance de la Fisica y la Quimica.Repaso de los principios elementales. Principios variacionales y ecuaciones de Lagrange. Problemas de los dos cuerpos. Cinematica del cuerpo rigido. Ecuaciones de movimiento del cuerpo rigido. Oscilaciones pequeñas. Relatividad especial en Mecanica clasica.

Físico-Química é uma unidade do programa do curso de gradução de Química, que indroduz ou desenvolve muitos tópicos distintos. Alguns, como termodinámica e cinética, são prontamente reconhecidos como