Ebooks de ciencias, página 19 de 709

Halogenated pyridines can be used as interesting starting materials in a wide range of organic synthesis methods. Substituted pyridine compounds are used generally as starting materials in the nucleophilic substitution reactions and have unique scaffolds for the construction of other heterocyclic and macrocyclic compounds. They also have important medicinal properties. Due to synthetic difficulties in the synthesis of the highly substituted pyridine derivatives from pyridine itself, perhalopyridines have a special importance in this regard. This book covers the synthetic reactions and applications of perhalopyridines. An introductory chapter introduces the reader to the physical and chemical properties of halopyridines, followed by 3 chapters which focus on pentafluoropyridine, pentachloropyridine and pentabromopyridine, respectively. The focused chapters provide information about synthetic methods and relevant nucleophilic reactions for each of the listed perhalopyridines and their derivatives. The book is a quick reference on perhalopyridines for students of applied chemistry, organic chemistry and chemical engineering.

Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Dementia is a book series which presents comprehensive reviews about research on Dementia, - the loss of brain function associated with Alzheimers diseases and other related conditions. The disease affects the parts of the brain that deal with memory, thought, and language. Chapters in each volume focus on drug research with special emphasis on clinical trials, research on drugs in advanced stages of development and cure for dementia and related disorders. This volume includes the following reviews:- Meeting the Challenges of Falls and Hip Fractures in People with Alzheimers Disease- Cholesterol in Brain Health and Pathologies- Advances in Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Dementia- Analytical Methods in Alzheimers Disease Drug Discovery- Targeting Alzheimers Disease through Nanomedicine- Current Challenges in Alzheimers Disease Research- Metals Linked to Alzheimers Disease Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Dementia will be of particular interest to readers interested in drug therapy of this specific neurodegenerative condition and related brain disorders as the series provides relevant reviews written by experts in field.

Banana farming is the basis for commercial fruit trading. Every banana plant generates waste biomass nearly ten times the quantity of its fruits. Disposal of waste biomass is a burden for the farmers. Economical use of the waste biomass can bring financial benefit to banana farmers. Use of organic potash in lieu of inorganic potash affords higher yield and also helps to preserve the ecosphere of soil for subsequent crops. Agricultural Benefits of Postharvest Banana Plants details the use of postharvest banana plants for agriculture and trade. Eleven chapters explain both traditional and modern uses of banana plants. The reader is informed how bio-waste from postharvest banana plants (including their stems) can be used as organic potash to replace inorganic potash (muriate of potash) in fertilizer. Experimental uses of banana plant pseudo-stem juice for growing different crops along with chemical analysis of the pseudo-stems are explained in separate chapters. Isolations of potassium chloride and potassium carbonate have also been discussed in the latter part of the book. This book is an ideal handbook for professionals and trainees interested in utilizing postharvest banana plants for sustainable agriculture and trade. The information is also useful for students and teachers involved in agricultural biotechnology and traditional agriculture courses.

Chemical Fingerprints of Medicinal Plant- HPTLC Profiling gives an overview of the use of high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for profiling medicinal herbs. Starting with an introduction to HPTLC the book guides the reader through HPTLC instrumentation and laboratory application. Additional notes on the stationary HPTLC phases and hyphenating HTPLC with other analytical techniques are also provided. The book concludes with an exhaustive list of HPTLC fingerprints of many herbs that can be used in medicinal preparations. The book outlines a scientific approach to the identification and selection of herbs for preparing traditional medications. By reading this book, learners will be able to 1) understand the basics of HPTLC, 2) learn how to use the instruments for lab analysis and 3) quickly identify chemical fingerprints of important medicinal herbs. Key Features - A concise overview of HPTLC and associated techniques - A Step-by-step guide to performing HPTLC analysis - Full color illustrations - An exhaustive list of HPTLC fingerprints for 108 medicinal plants, with botanical names - An appendix of TLC solvent systems and reagents for different phytochemical compounds and secondary metabolites - Simple language for easy understanding - Detailed bibliography Chemical Fingerprints of Medicinal Plant- HPTLC Profiling is an essential handbook for scholars in analytical chemistry, plant science and traditional medicine who want to understand the application of HPTLC techniques for research and development in phytomedicine. Readership Scholars in analytical chemistry, plant science and traditional medicine who want to understand the application of HPTLC techniques in phytomedicinal research and development.

The book presents a multidisciplinary analysis of the context of quantum physics experiments and the function of the human mind that makes it possible to demonstrate that an object-based model of reality formed at the level of the unconscious is the basis of our worldview. The consciousness experiences a time flow because of the specific features of perception in the form of a model with a sequential fixation of events. Together with the need to relate objects in terms of the model, this generates a space-time representation of the world around us. Acceptance of a mental character of our construct of reality allows for resolution of the problems in quantum physics and its paradoxes, thereby opening the way to an insight into reality. The presented material is organized in a specific order to facilitate the readers understanding. First, the fact that if there are no objects in the area of quantum mechanics, then they belong to the corresponding model rather than the reality is proved by case studies of the most discussed and relevant paradoxes of quantum physics. The authors consider a topological variant in constructing an object-based space that describes the physical properties of an object that are the most verified in science and describable with mathematical relations. The functionality of the proposed construct is tested by deriving the laws of conservation of energy and momentum in a relativistic form. The book is oriented towards experts in physics and psychology, advanced students, and readers interested in state-of-the-art science and the philosophy connected to it.

Environmental Microbiology: Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Applications focus on the current research on microorganisms in the environment. Contributions in the volume cover several aspects of applied microbial research, basic research on microbial ecology and molecular genetics. The reader will find a collection of topics with theoretical and practical value, allowing them to connect environmental microbiology to a variety of subjects in life sciences, ecology, and environmental science topics. Advanced topics including biogeochemical cycling, microbial biosensors, bioremediation, application of microbial biofilms in bioremediation, application of microbial surfactants, microbes for mining and metallurgical operations, valorization of waste, and biodegradation of aromatic waste, microbial communication, nutrient cycling and biotransformation are also covered. The content is designed for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and environmental professionals, with a comprehensive and up-to-date discussion of environmental microbiology as a discipline that has greatly expanded in scope and interest over the past several decades.

Advanced Techniques of Analytical Chemistry explains analytical chemistry in an accessible manner for students. The book provides basic and practical knowledge that helps the learner to understand the methods used in conducting experiments. Readers will understand the key concepts of qualitative and quantitative analysis through easy-to-read chapters written for chemistry students.Volume 1 covers the topic of volumetric analysis in detail. Topic-wise chapters introduce the reader to volumetric titrations and then explain the range of titration techniques which include aqueous acid-base titration, non-aqueous titration, redox titration, complexometric titration and some miscellaneous methods like diazotisation titration, Kjeldahls method and the oxygen flask combustion method.The combination of basic and advanced methods makes this an ideal textbook for chemistry students at graduate and undergraduate levels as well as an ideal handbook for the laboratory instructor.

Professionell Tiere transportieren. Wer Tiere transportiert muss dazu befahigt sein und muss die gesetzlichen Anforderungen kennen. Dieses Buch dient Transporteuren, Landwirten und Studierenden als praktischer Leitfaden. Die Autoren stellen alle wichtigen Regelungen vor. Gleichzeitig dient dieses Buch als Unterlage fur den Erwerb des Befahigungsnachweises Tiertransporte.

90 Cultures in Ornamental HorticultureRolf Rober / Walter WohankaThis book tells you what you need to know for cultivation and plant protection in ornamental horticulture, using pictures of the plant species, succinct, easy-to-understand texts, graphic illustrations of the growing stages and also the necessary tips for protecting the plants from pests and diseases. A book for managers and also horticulture consultants and trainers, practitioners and students alike.

Rainwater Seepage and Its UtilisationBasic planning theory and construction methods. Planning and construction of rainwater seepage and utilisation facilities. Calculation formulae and examples. Explanation of legislation and regulationsWritten with garden and landscape architects in mind, and indeed all those working in the planning and construction departments of municipalities, environmental agencies and water authorities, this informative compendium shows how to plan with rainwater from an urban planning, environmentally relevant, design-oriented and economic perspective.

Este libro, fruto de la experiencia adquirida por los autores en la enseñanza de uno de los años de un curso de dos años de Física general en el Massachusetts Institute of Tecnology, es un tratado de Mecanica y Termologia para los cursos intermedios de enseñanza superior. En esta obra se resalta el estudio de las interacciones a traves de observaciones del movimiento y recalca ademas que la Mecanica estudia el movimiento bajo la influencia de todos los tipos distintos de interaccion.

Esta obra es una excelente introducción al mundo de los microorganismos pensada como libro de texto de microbiología general para diversas carreras científicas. A partir de un enfoque ecológico y evolutivo, el libro invita al lector a descubrir los ultimos avances en microbiologia. Escrito por tres destacados microbiologos con una amplia experiencia investigadora y docente, se trata de una obra que motivara a los estudiantes a participar activamente en el proceso de aprendizaje de esta apasionante parcela del conocimiento.

El viaje para hacer de Marte un lugar habitable está lleno de desafíos científicos y técnicos, desde la creación de hábitats autosostenibles hasta la solución de problemas relacionados con la radiacion, la gravedad reducida y la produccion de recursos vitales in situ. Ademas, surgen cuestiones eticas y sociales al considerar la transformacion de un nuevo mundo. ¿Como manejaremos la gobernanza, la legislacion y la preservacion de un entorno alienigena? Estas son preguntas que deben ser cuidadosamente consideradas a medida que avanzamos. La exploracion de Marte tambien puede ofrecer valiosas perspectivas sobre la Tierra, proporcionando una vision unica sobre la sostenibilidad y la gestion de recursos en un entorno donde son extremadamente limitados. Al contemplar la vida en Marte, estamos, de hecho, mirando hacia el futuro de la humanidad y el potencial de una nueva era de descubrimientos e innovaciones. La vision de ciudades marcianas brillando en el horizonte lejano no es solo un sueño; es un objetivo que, con perseverancia y colaboracion internacional, puede convertirse en una realidad inspiradora para las generaciones futuras. En este libro abordaremos estas cuestiones buscando soluciones para que el ser humano realice el sueño de vivir en otro planeta.

Este libro ha sido concebido para un curso de física contemporánea de dos semestres de duración. Se discuten y aclaran las limitaciones de la teoría clásica como aproximación a las teorías cuánticas y relativistas, tanto cuando la teoria es aplicable como cuando no lo es. El enfasis del curso se ha puesto en la mecanica y en el estudio de particulas, quedandoel electromagnetismo y la teoria de campos relegados a un segundo plano.Al fmal de cada capitulo se encuentran problemas representativos, que se han seleccionado cuidadosamente para que el lector pueda ejercitarse y desarrollar todos los temas del texto que son importantes.

En este libro se presentan los fundamentos de la física cuántica en un estilo claro y directo. Se revisan los problemas físicos que dieron origen a la teoría cuántica y se estudia, con sencillez y sin perder el rigor matematico y conceptual, el formalismo cuantico y sus aplicaciones en pozos y barreras, el oscilador armonico, el atomo de hidrogeno, la ecuacion de Pauli, las particulas identicas, etc., y los metodos semiclasico y perturbativo. El contenido y la profundidad de los temas incluidos en este libro, son apropiados para un primer curso completo de fisica cuantica. En una parte importante del texto se utiliza un enfoque distinto al usual. Un enfoque que simplifica el tratamiento matematico y enriquece la comprension de los fenomenos cuanticos fundamentales, como el efecto tunel, la cuantizacion y el desdoblamiento de los niveles de energia; facilita el calculo de funciones de onda y coeficientes de transporte y permite una discusion novedosa del metodo WKB. Los estudiantes graduados, interesados en calculos teoricos de las propiedades optoelectronicas y de transporte en dispositivos nanoscopicos, encontraran en este libro una buena introduccion al metodo de la matriz de transferencia.

Los estudiantes dificultades para imaginar la forma en que los principios abstractos de Química pueden ayudarles a abordar los verdaderos problemas de un mundo lleno de dificultades y desgraciadamente, son pocos los textos de Quimica descriptiva moderno, de nivel adecuado, que puedan prestarles ayuda.Para lograr este proposito, la Quimica descriptiva moderna deber ser utilizada de forma concurrente o a continuacion del estudio de un texto tal como Principios de Quimica, de R. E. Dickerson.

En las páginas que contiene este libro se ha llevado a cabo un detallado estudio de ciertos principios de naturaleza química y fisicoquímica, importantes desde el punto de vista industrial. El significado de cada principio se desarrolla de un modo intensivo y se estudian meticulosamente sus posibilidades y limitaciones. El titulo "Principios de los Procesos Quimicos" fue escogido para destacar la importancia de esta aproximacion al diseño y operacion de los procesos.

En las páginas que contiene este libro se ha llevado a cabo un detallado estudio de ciertos principios de naturaleza química y fisicoquímica, importantes desde el punto de vista industrial. El significado de cada principio se desarrolla de un modo intensivo y se estudian meticulosamente sus posibilidades y limitaciones. El titulo "Principios de los Procesos Quimicos" fue escogido para destacar la importancia de esta aproximacion al diseño y operacion de los procesos.

En la redacción del texto de este libro se ha procurado empezar cada capítulo a un nivel muy simple e ir incrementando hasta llegar a un nivel que permita la conexión con las monografías especializadas. El nivel a que se presentan las diferentes materias ha sido intencionadamente variable, dependiendo en particular del grado en que parece haberse extendido el conocimiento del material.

Este libro, que se presenta como una contribución docente nueva, cubre parte importante de la asignatura Equilibrios Iónicos que se imparte en los primeros cursos de las Facultades y escuelas Universitarias. En la elaboracion del texto se ha tenido muy en cuenta su uso por parte de estudiantes y profesores.Por ello, pensando en los primeros, se ha empleado un lenguaje sencillo y se han elegido aquellos tipos de diagramas logaritmicos que pueden ser construidos facilmente. Por otra parte, se ha incluido mucha informacion quimica sobre constantes de equilibrio que puede ser util al profesor, tanto para crear nuevos sistemas como para utilizar extensivamente los sistemas existentes variando las condiciones de trabajo.