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La trama principal de este volumen se teje en torno al hecho de que el Chile liberal, cuya influencia se deja sentir desde la presidencia de José Joaquín Pérez, no desmontó los elementos esenciales del sistema politico establecido desde la decada de 1830, contra el cual tanto habian luchado los liberales. Y la explicacion de la paradojica continuacion de un autoritarismo pelucon por otro de signo liberal parece residir en la necesidad del Ejecutivo de controlar los grupos politicos que consideraba que, al oponerse a sus lineas de accion, pisoteaban el bien comun de la patria. Esas colectividades, por su parte, enarbolando la bandera del parlamentarismo y la libertad de sufragio, rechazaban que los gobiernos liberales, por medio de la intervencion electoral, procuraran valerse de politicos dociles a su voluntad. El principio de la soberania popular, bajo ese dominio, decian, no era mas que un simple mito. Los antecedentes reunidos en esta obra muestran que la vida economica, en medio de la pugna reseñada, exhibio un razonable incremento, a pesar de que los problemas externos, tales como la guerra con España en la decada de 1860 y la Guerra del Pacifico en la siguiente, conspiraron contra su consolidacion. La victoria en este ultimo conflicto, sin embargo, dejo atras ese desencanto, puesto que generalizo la conviccion de que Chile estaba llamado a gozar de un venturoso porvenir. Con esa esperanza se pone fin a esta obra, en la que tambien el lector encontrara un detallado desarrollo de la educacion y la cultura, temas que, no obstante las distancias doctrinarias entre radicales, liberales y conservadores, se consideraron insoslayables para construir la nacion con la que soñaban.

El relato definitivo de las fuerzas políticas, culturales, militares y personales que llevaron a Europa hacia la Gran Guerra.La Primera Guerra Mundial puso fin a un largo periodo de paz sostenida en Europa: una epoca en la que se hablaba confiadamente de prosperidad, de progreso y de esperanza. Y sin embargo, en 1914 el continente se lanzo de cabeza a un conflicto catastrofico, que mato a millones de personas, desangro las economias nacionales, derrumbo imperios y puso fin para siempre a la hegemonia mundial europea. Fue una guerra que hubiera podido evitarse hasta el ultimo momento. La pregunta es: ¿por que se produjo?Empezando en el siglo xix y acabando con el asesinatodel archiduque Francisco Fernando, la gran historiadora Margaret MacMillan desvela la compleja red de alianzas, cambios politicos y tecnologicos, decisiones diplomaticas y, sobre todo, personalidades y debilidades humanas que llevaron a Europa al desastre.Una narracion imprescindible para conocer el mundo de hoy entendiendo mejor el de hace un siglo.

El 9 de noviembre de 2014 se cumplió el 25 aniversario de la caída del Muro de Berlín. Dicha fecha marca un antes y un después en la historia reciente de Europa y en el proceso de integración comunitaria. Desde finales de 1989 hasta comienzos de 1992, en poco mas de dos años, se produjo el hundimiento de los regimenes comunistas de la Europa del Este y la implosion de la Union Sovietica, la reunificacion de las dos Alemanias en un unico Estado y la aprobacion del Tratado de la Union Europea, hito trascendental en la historia de la Europa comunitaria. Con un enfoque multidisciplinar se analizan en esta obra, desde la perspectiva actual, algunas de las mas importantes consecuencias (economicas, ideologicas, geopoliticas, sociales, migratorias, institucionales, etc.) y algunas claves del devenir europeo durante el ultimo cuarto de siglo derivadas de los trascendentales cambios de aquellos años.

Este es el primer libro de Angélica Malpica Olvera y Fernando Cañizales Hernández. Estos dos especialistas en educación son dos mexicanos que han contribuido a que la Pedagogía Sistémica Cudec® con e

Ensayo historiográfico que sigue los pasos de Felipe II desde su nacimiento hasta su muerte. Poniendo la vida del monarca en el contexto histórico de Europa, Balaguer hace un análisis exhaustivo de la situacion geopolitica de España y sus paises vecinos durante el siglo XVI. Pretende, con este libro de dos tomos, estudiar los antecedentes, el caracter, la vida y el gobierno de Felipe II.El segundo tomo empieza con la guerra entre España e Inglaterra. Balaguer ahonda en la historia de Europa, y como esta afecta a la española. Resigue la vida de Felipe II hasta su muerte, causada por una enfermedad, en 1598. El tomo contiene tambien apendices completos sobre politica, religion, ciencia y literatura española durante el reinado del monarca.

Ensayo historiográfico que sigue los pasos de Felipe II desde su nacimiento hasta su muerte. Poniendo la vida del monarca en el contexto histórico de Europa, Balaguer hace un análisis exhaustivo de la situacion geopolitica de España y sus paises vecinos durante el siglo XVI. Pretende, con este libro de dos tomos, estudiar los antecedentes, el caracter, la vida y el gobierno de Felipe II.En el primer tomo, Balaguer se explaya con los antecedentes historicos, europeos y españoles que precedieron al nacimiento del monarca. Balaguer desgrana la vida de Felipe II, desde 1527, su nacimiento, hasta 1587.

Power in the Middle Ages was not only made with steel but also with linen. The Linen Dictate examines the rise of European textile centers to the first industrial superpowers. We document the path from the blue flax flower to the white cloth that dominated world trade.It is the story of the Hanseatic League and the Flemish guilds, who financed kings and pressured popes through the export of fabrics. Learn how the lack of clothing triggered social unrest and how technological innovations in spinning made the first mass production possible. We look into the warehouses from London to Novgorod.This book takes you through the dark workshops of the weavers and the grand halls of the cloth merchants. We analyze the effects of textile monopolies on the social structure of Europe and the emergence of the bourgeoisie. A gripping account of a time when the White Gold of the Looms decided the fate of generations. History begins at the thread and ends with wealth.

For seventeen centuries, Pompeii slept under volcanic ash. When excavators finally broke through, they found a city frozen in the middle of a Tuesday. Bread still sat in ovens. Graffiti declared eternal love. Bodies huddled in corners, caught in the moment of their death.This book explores what Pompeii teaches us beyond the tragedy. The ash that killed the city also preserved it better than any museum could. You will walk through brothels with explicit signage, read election slogans painted on walls, and see the homes of both senators and slaves. Roman life was messier, funnier, and more human than the marble statues suggest.The Frozen City does not shy from the horror. You will learn what a pyroclastic surge does to a human body and why the victims died the way they did. But the greater lesson is how ordinary the day was before the mountain exploded. Pompeii reminds us that catastrophe does not send invitations. Life happens until it suddenly stops.

From the author of the bestselling The King in the North. The story of the lands between the Forth and Humber from the end of the Roman period to the Viking kingdom of York is one of the most richly fascinating in British history. This the age of Lindisfarne and of Bede; of the dramatic hills, valleys and ancient routeways that link the Irish Sea and the North Sea; of names that resonate even now: Edwin, Oswald, Hild, Cuthbert, Wilfrid; of conquest, conversion and the legacies of intellectual giants. This history of Early Medieval Northumbria explores themes of landscape, power, creativity and intellect. Fresh archaeological evidence and research in historical geography shed light on the fascinating story of how land was managed, exploited and deployed as an expression of power by both secular and ecclesiastical forces, and aspects such as the role of elite women in shaping politics and religion is given new focus. Max Adams and Colm O Brien show conclusively how Northumbrias political, cultural and religious elements coalesced to forge a creative powerhouse which shaped the world we have inherited.

What this book is and what it is notThis book is not an indictment.It is a record. A dissecting look back at decisions, speeches, treaties, protocols, reactions. Everything is documented. Everything can be read.Nor is it a polemic.Where the facts speak, pathos is silent.But it is not a neutral report either. For neutrality, where human dignity is at stake, is not a virtue it is a betrayal of the Enlightenment.The architecture of deceptionGermanys policy toward Russia over the past 25 years can be described as a pipelinenot just made of steel, but of decisions:2001: Putins speech to the Bundestag the beginning of an illusion2004: Schroder calls him a "flawless democrat"2007: Putin threatens in Munich Germany remains silent2008: War in Georgia and Nord Stream is built anyway2014: Annexation of Crimea and Nord Stream 2 is approved2022: War of aggression against Ukraine and some remain silentEvery stage is documented, every decision can be analyzed.Who bears responsibility?It does not lie with any one individual.It belongs to a system that turned cowardice into loyalty and economic opportunism into moral argument.A system that was supported by democratically elected actors with open eyes but closed files.The question for all of usWhy was this policy able to persist for so long?Why did the media, parliament, and the public look away for so long?Was it just economic calculation?Or is there a deeper failure behind it a failure of political judgment, of historical sensitivity, of responsibility toward future generations?

Amateur film and amateur media practices have attracted increasing interest in recent decades in the context of the "visual turn". Questions of agency, participatory and political/militant film practices, and of representations of "self" and "other" are of interest as well as the institutions and networks of amateur productions. This special issue of "zeitgeschichte" contributes to this field of research by examining international and transnational developments of amateur films in the period after the Second World War. The collected contributions analyze national specifics and regional shapings of practices as well as cultural constructions in amateur film and video, they trace transnational entanglements of amateur media and tackle cross-border amateur filmmaking and internationally and globally shared discursive references and uses of metaphors in video activism. The authors elaborate parallels to organizational structures in amateur film practices in specific sociopolitical and cultural contexts and discuss aspects of memory and the appropriation of hegemonic visual cultures in individual film practices.

Rico Paganini, one of the leading megalithic, geomantic and spiritual researchers has visited all the Earths major power points. In this book we travel along with him.And we are able to share in his stirring experiences, in sensitive discoveries and the wondrous insights that he was able to gain. He has not compiled them for himself, but for us all.Perhaps he could only manage his adventures travels, bear the travails and overcome some resistance because the spiritual world was on his side accompanied him, encouraged him and led him with direct guidance. These received messages are also an essential and moving part of this book, and are a special feature is astonishing.As is the telling of the tale of the spiritual and material creation, and the fact that Mother Earth is alive and is conscious; our ancestors had not yet forgotten this.He also leads us through the destruction of the environment, climate changes and the increasing natural catastrophes. What have we done?At the same time, he presents us with solution paths, gives us courage and hope in this dramatic turning point; it is not yet too late!Hence, GAIA LEGACY is much more than a travel report and insight into the power points. It is one can say without exaggeration an incomparable book full of awakening and strength, just as the fifteenth power source

Will humans overcome their technical, material worldview and find their way back to the freedom of the spiritual world? This can only succeed if we can realign with the lost legacies of ancient times and can decipher that wisdom. Scientists and spiritual explorers alike are striving to penetrate the hidden worlds of Giza. The discoveries they have made are nothing short of breathtaking. Some may suspect it while others already know: Here, both in and below the pyramids, lies the key to a liberating truth for all those who seek itthe GIZA LEGACY.In this groundbreaking book, Rico Paganini provides a fascinating overview of developments and discoveries involving the pyramids and the Sphinx. Modern technology combined with spiritual sensing abilities enabled him to penetrate spheres that have been blocked until now. In the course of two excursions to Egypt over a period of seven years, a world-shattering realization came to him: The real secret of the pyramids has never yet even been recognized. It has little to do with how they were built and their incomprehensible size and geometry, but instead it has to do with their metaphysical significance and their function as a guidepost to the subterranean world beneath them.In this book the author takes us along on some of his expeditions. He meticulously documented all that he experienced in photographs and sketches. The book features hundreds of photographs as well as maps and 3D graphics, which give us an impression of the structures found both aboveground and belowground in Giza and of newly discovered chambers and even the legendary Hall of Records. Giza Legacy paints a picture of a fascinating world in which the meaning of Giza is placed in a greater context that goes far beyond the borders of Egypt. It is nothing less than a new, or rediscovered, human history traced far back to the lost continents of Atlantis and Lemuria. The clues are there for all to see wherever the ancient megalithic structures remain. And the clues extend far beyond the distant past into the cosmos and the far-off constellations of Orion, Sirius and the Pleiades.Rico Paganini reveals the correlations that have until now been taboo. In a fascinating and methodical manner, he opens our eyes to the spiritual world behind the mundane material one, showing us how, through archeological discoveries, we can gain access to an entirely new worldview. However, a shadow has been cast upon the historical remains of the three ancient cultures. For years and with increasing tempo, a far-reaching wall is being built around the pyramids and Sphinx. The impressively documents the dimensions and significance of this dramatic development.For if they are here, both inside and beneath the structuresthe answers to great questions of humanity lying hiddenthen should scientific and spiritual researchers remain excluded from their discovery? Who or what lies behind the ridiculously extensive Giza Wall?Where do we come from? Where are we going? This book will affect those who ask themselves such questions. Itis not just an extremely thorough report on the world wonders in Egypt but a report about the spiritual hope of humankind.

This volume addresses an issue that was until recently taboo: children fathered by Black American GIs who were stationed in Europe during and after World War II and whose mothers were local citizens. They were born into societies that defined themselves as White and rejected this extremely visible portion of the so-called occupation children.Black and White are in this volume not (only) understood as descriptions of skin color, but above all as social constructs and political categories with racist attributions and effects. The authors of the contributions examine the manner in which these mixed-race children and their mothers were treated by their societies and the respective authorities; they assess the experiences and self-understandings of the individuals affected; they discuss their institutionalization and the strategy practiced by the youth welfare agencies of giving these children up for adoption abroad; and finally they highlight how African American couples in the USA interpreted the adoption of these mixed-race children from Europe as an act of Black resistance against White supremacy.

Inside Ukraine is a compelling visual portrait of the real Ukraine, lovingly put together by Ukrainians in the years leading up to the current war. The product of five years and 100,000km of travel around the country by the volunteers of Ukrainer, an organisation that aims to explain Ukraine to its inhabitants and promote it to the wider world, this unique book is a beautiful celebration of the land and its people. It captures the true variety of this vast country, the second largest in Europe, from picturesque forest villages to large urban housing projects, stunning mountain and estuarine scenery to industrial quarries and medieval fortresses.It introduces the people of Ukraine and their stories, with a huge cast of characters including traditional carol singers, wild honey farmers, potters and railwaymen, artists and sheep-breeders and broom-makers. The natural world is represented too, with its populations of wild pelicans, roaming herds of buffaloes and the charming inhabitants of a bear sanctuary.Also included are a wealth of QR codes that can be scanned to unlock longer articles on the Ukrainer website, along with more images and videos, giving a whole new dimension to the book.With over 350 evocative images accompanied by illuminating text, this book will educate, surprise and enchant you, providing a fascinating insight into the side of Ukraine we dont often see.

This vivid portrait of everyday life in the medieval Arab world draws on thirteenth century miniatures from collections as far afield as St Petersburg and Istanbul. The wide range of topi covers every aspect of society in the Abbasid period, from life at court to the pomp and ceremony of the military, from the dispensing of justice to the bustle of the suq and slave market. The routine of village life is contrasted with the pleasures of urban society, and we are also introduced to the world of musicians and professional mourners. Women are shown not only as virtuous wives, and in childbirth, but as spirited and articulate individuals. The traditions of Arab hospitality are described, with scenes of drinking, feasting and etiquette. The author has illustrated her study with contemporary miniatures, principally those of al-Wasiti which accompany the celebrated Maqamat of al-Hariri. In his text, al-Hariri made no attempt to conceal his admiration for his unprincipled and thoroughly disreputable protagonist, Abu Zayd - who represents the voice of the common man and possibly provides a prototype for the popular picaresque heroes of later European literature. Al-Hariri frequently used the tales as a subtle and indirect way of satirizing the prevailing social order, yet he was insistent that his work had an underlying moral purpose. Guthries work is scholarly and her book is a mine of information on both basic and recondite features of Islamic society. Robert Irwin, Times Literary Supplement Very lively and informative on a wide range of topi in medieval Islamic history. The book ... is eminently accessible to students and non-specialists, and is certainly one that merits close attention. Medical History An essential read for Arabs and non-Arabs alike. al-Hayat

Written to celebrate the centennial of the Sphinxs arrival in Philadelphia, The Sphinx That Traveled to Philadelphia tells the fascinating story of the colossal sphinx that is a highlight of the Penn Museums Egyptian galleries and an iconic object for the Museum as a whole. The narrative covers the original excavations and archaeological history of the Sphinx, how it came to Philadelphia, and the unexpected ways in which the Sphinxs story intersects with the history of Philadelphia, the University of Pennsylvania, and the Museum just before World War I. The book features ample illustrations-photographs, letters, newspaper stories, postcards, maps, and drawings-drawn largely from the extensive materials in the Museum Archives. Images of related artifacts in the Penn Museums Egyptian collection and other objects from the Egyptian, Near East, and Mediterranean Sections (many not on view and some never before published), as well as pieces in museums in the United States, Europe, and Egypt, place the story of the Penn Museum Sphinx in a wider context. The writing style is informal and text is woven around the graphics that form the backbone of the narrative. The book is designed to be of interest to a wide audience of adult readers but accessible and engaging to younger readers as well.

In Ritual and Drama: The Mediaeval Theatre, Francis Edwards reveals that ritual forms the basis of all popular theatrical entertainment, the root from which dramatic art has grown. Covering the period from the tenth to the fifteenth centuries, Edwards focusses on the audience impact rather than the artistic qualities of the mediaeval plays, devoting much of his attention to the emotional effect of religious and dramatic ritual on the spectator. Illuminating the impact of Christian rituals, liturgy, and stories, Edwards draws illustrative parallels between mediaeval and modern states of mind. Ritual and Drama describes the growth of the dramatic idea, the styles of presentation of the mystery cycles, and the evolution of the morality play, presenting in straightforward terms a theme fundamental to our understanding of mediaeval dramatic art.

In the black out visit a bright inn. So read stickers on the windows of Watneys pubs all over London. In Brewing for Victory, Brian Glover shows in lively detail how beer and pub culture aided Britains community spirit during the Second World War. From Guinness for Strength! adverts to women shifting casks and packing coppers with hops, the effect the war had on brewing in England, and the effect brewing had on the war effort, is explored from every angle. Beginning at home in Britain and London, Glover tracks the course of tuns all the way out to the front line in the army, air force and navy. Brewing under the jackboot is also considered, with a chapter on breweries in British territory that had been captured by the Nazis, such as Guernsey. With over 70 illustrations showing war era adverts and bombed out boroughs with their pubs still standing, Brewing for Victory is a remarkable demonstration of the Blitz Spirit in action as the public, pubs and brewers worked together to maintain national social structures in the face of adversity.

The denial of equal educational opportunities to women is arguably one of the great injustices in British history. In Willingly to School, Mary Cathcart Borer charts the gradual reversal of this inequality, and the revolutionary effect it has had on social structures, from the Anglo-Saxons to the twentieth century. Always mindful of the historical context of each period, Borer explores the significant early role of the church, the opportunities afforded to royal and noble girls, the origins of the various forms of privately and charitably funded school, and the emergence of the modern school system. Along the way, particular significant institutions and individuals such as Christs Hospital, Cheltenham Ladies College, the Bronte sisters and Fanny Burney are examined in depth. Writing in 1975, Borer described the mid-twentieth century as having seen the culmination of womens demands for full equality in society. While the intervening years have shown that there is still much work to be done in the pursuit of equality, Borers analysis of the progress that has been made in womens education remains as pertinent as ever.