eBooks de Filosofía moderna, página 5 de 19

Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) fue un filósofo holandés; uno de los pensadores de la línea racionalista, de la que formaron parte Leibniz y René Descartes. Sus ideas fueron consideradas dañinas por teólogos y religiosos y, como todo hombre que piensa adelantado a su tiempo, Spinoza sufrio muchas persecuciones religiosas y mediaticas. El conservadurismo religioso y filosofico de su tiempo lo hizo vivir en el ostracismo la mayor parte de su vida y fue recien en el siglo XX que sus ideas fueron reconocidas. El libro Etica Demostrado a la manera de los geometras, terminado en 1675. es su obra maestra e influyo en el pensamiento de muchos grandes filosofos posteriores, como Hegel, Johann Fichte, Friedrich von Schelling, los empiristas John Locke y David Hume, y los siglos XIX y XIX. Pensadores del siglo XX como Ernst Mach, William James, Bertrand Russell, entre muchos otros

La vida y obra de Thomas Hobbes, uno de los filósofos más influyentes de la historia, fundador del pensamiento político moderno.Thomas Hobbes fue un pensador controvertido en la historia de la filosofia. Ya en su epoca se hizo famoso por sus extraordinarios conocimientos de fisica, matematicas, geometria, filosofia y teologia. Sus contemporaneos lo admiraron por su saber, pero igualmente lo temieron y hasta lo odiaron, esto ultimo debido a la contundencia y al radicalismo de algunas de sus ideas politicas. Pesimista acerrimo, fue tambien moralista e interpreto la naturaleza humana como inclinada al mal, de ahi que hubiera que ponerle limites mediante las leyes justas. A lo largo de su vida trataria personalmente con muchos de los intelectuales de su tiempo, como Descartes o Galileo, sabio universal cuyo metodo cientifico influencio en la obra de Hobbes. Leviatan, un libro enigmatico y extraño pero muy consecuente dentro de la teoria politica, lo convertiria en uno de los grandes maestros de la historia de las ideas. Conocido como el monstruo de la politica, Hobbes penso su epoca hasta el final: las incesantes guerras civiles y continentales, las pugnas religiosas que asolaban Europa en los siglos XVI y XVII, y las crueldades de los seres humanos condujeron al pensador de Malmesbury a reinterpretar el ideal de alcanzar una paz y una armonia perfectas para la Humanidad. Sus concepciones alcanzarian gran repercusion en las teorias liberales, positivistas, decisionistas y contractuales del siglo XX.

La Humanidad durante milenios ha creado principios y valores para asegurar mejores condiciones de vida. A este conjunto de propósitos los denominamos "humanismo". En la actualidad nos encontramos en los umbrales de una nueva era planetaria donde necesitamos reformular o retomar esos principios. Por eso hablamos de "neo-humanismo". En este libro se trata de presentar ideas y analisis que puedan contribuir a enfrentar el futuro reafirmando nuestra confianza en los valores eticos e intelectuales de la humanidad.En este libro el Dr. Augusto Perez Lindo presenta los significados del neo-humanismo y su vinculacion con los codigos de derechos humanos. Otros articulos se ocupan del significado del proceso historico que vivimos y de las categorias con las cuales podemos pensar el nuevo mundo que se esta configurando. Tambien seanalizan desafios que la Humanidad esta enfrentando desde el punto de vista de las violencias, la pobreza, los abusos del poder, la contaminacion ambiental o la crisis economica. Se ha tratado tambien de sintetizar en algunas tesis los elementos para pensar filosoficamente los desafios actuales.

Paradigma del pensador ilustrado, Immanuel Kant abrió la puerta de la modernidad basándose en la razón y dejando atrás los fundamentos impuestos por el antiguo régimen. Su proyecto crítico de gran alcance lo articulo en tres fases que analizaban los tres pilares de la filosofia y su relacion con los diferentes modos de aplicar la razon: el conocimiento, la moral y la capacidad de decision. Con ellos, se compone un sistema perfecto que da sentido al mundo y permite establecer los objetivos de la humanidad.En esta obra, perfectamente estructurada y aun mejor explicada, se expone con detalle el pensamiento de Kant de una manera accesible para comprender el enorme alcance de sus planteamientos y sus logros.

Aqui o leitor encontrará uma investigação ético-filosófica acerca da liberdade humana. Schopenhauer argumenta que o homem é incapaz de agir apenas por si mesmo, isento de condicionantes, motivos e ca

In "Emerson and Other Essays," John Jay Chapman delves into the philosophical and literary contributions of Ralph Waldo Emerson, weaving together essays that reflect on Emersons profound influence on American thought. Chapman employs a rich, lyrical prose style that is both accessible and intellectually stimulating, situating Emerson within the broader context of transcendentalism and its pivotal role in shaping modern American identity. Chapmans reflections are not merely historical but also engage critically with Emersons ideas, illuminating their relevance in contemporary discourse surrounding individuality, nature, and the self. John Jay Chapman (1862-1933) was a prominent essayist, critic, and social reformer whose extensive engagement with literature and philosophy deeply informed his work. His admiration for Emerson propelled Chapman to explore the themes of moral authority and the inner voice, which resonate throughout this collection. Having lived through transformative periods in American history, Chapmans insights reflect both personal and societal quests for meaning, making his essays not only a tribute to Emerson but also a continuation of his legacy. "Emerson and Other Essays" is a must-read for anyone who seeks a deeper understanding of American literature and philosophy. Chapmans incisive analysis not only enriches Emersons legacy but also offers modern readers valuable insights into our current existential challenges. This collection will appeal to scholars, students, and general readers alike, inviting them to engage with the lasting impact of Emersons thought.

Alguien dijo que al siglo XVIII se lo podría recordar como «el Siglo de Voltaire», algo que no resulta difícil de conceder porque Voltaire forma parte del escaso elenco de pensadores que modeló la vi

Ralph Waldo Emersons "Essays Second Series" is a profound exploration of philosophical ideas intertwined with eloquent prose that exemplifies the transcendentalist movement of the 19th century. In this collection, Emerson delves into themes of self-reliance, the importance of the individual, and the relationship between nature and humanity. His writing style is marked by rich imagery and a meditative quality, inviting readers to ponder the deeper truths of existence. This series stands as a pivotal work within American literature, reflecting the socio-cultural landscape of his time and the burgeoning spirit of American independence and intellectualism. Emerson, a central figure in transcendentalism, was influenced by his background as a Unitarian minister and his dedication to the philosophical dialogue surrounding individualism and nature. His encounters with prominent thinkers of his era, such as Henry David Thoreau and Margaret Fuller, helped shape his ideas that challenge societal norms. "Essays Second Series" stems from his belief in the inherent goodness of people and nature, ultimately aiming to inspire readers toward self-discovery and a deeper communion with the world. This remarkable collection is highly recommended for those seeking enlightenment through philosophical inquiry. Emersons insightful reflections encourage readers to embrace their uniqueness while forging a connection with the broader universe. "Essays Second Series" remains a timeless invitation to attain a higher understanding of oneself and the fundamental truths that govern life.

In "An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation," Jeremy Bentham presents a foundational text in utilitarian ethics, dissecting the principles of justice and moral reasoning through a lens of rationality and empiricism. Benthams literary style is characterized by clarity and precision, as he systematically examines the consequences of human actions, arguing that morality should center on utility, defined as the maximization of pleasure and minimization of pain. This work serves not only as an ethical treatise but also as a pioneering exploration of legal philosophy, situating Bentham within the Enlightenment context of reason and human rights. Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) was a philosopher and social reformer whose intellectual pursuits were deeply influenced by the Enlightenment ideals of rational thought and empirical observation. His advocacy for social reforms, including the decriminalization of homosexuality and the development of welfare frameworks, shaped his ethical outlook. Benthams utilitarian approach arose from a desire to create a more equitable society, where legislation serves the greatest happiness of the greatest number. This book is indispensable for readers seeking an insightful and transformative exploration of moral philosophy. Benthams coherent arguments and practical applications remain relevant, challenging the reader to consider the ethical dimensions of legislation and personal choice. It stands as a compelling invitation to engage with the complexities of moral computation and societal benefit.

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), fue un filósofo inglés considerado uno de los fundadores de la filosofía política moderna.​ Su obra más conocida es el Leviatán (1651), donde sentó las bases de la teoría

In "A History of Freedom of Thought," J. B. Bury meticulously explores the evolution of intellectual liberty from ancient to contemporary times, detailing its philosophical underpinnings and societal implications. Burys prose is both erudite and accessible, presenting a comprehensive narrative that deftly interweaves historical events with the progression of ideas. The book is situated within the broader discourse on the importance of freedom of thought as a cornerstone of modern democratic societies, unearthing how various epochs have shaped and been shaped by this fundamental concept. J. B. Bury, a distinguished historian and philosopher, was deeply influenced by the intellectual currents of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His rigorous academic background, coupled with his advocacy for rationalism and secularism, informed his analysis of freedoms historical trajectory. Burys commitment to understanding the interplay between thought and society is evident in his inquiry into the obstacles and triumphs faced by thinkers throughout history, offering invaluable insights into the struggles for intellectual independence. Readers are encouraged to engage with this profound work, as it not only illuminates the past but also provokes critical reflection on the present state of freedom of thought. Burys synthesis of history and philosophy serves as an essential guide for scholars, students, and anyone interested in the ongoing quest for intellectual autonomy in a world often fraught with dogma.

Richard Falckenbergs "History of Modern Philosophy" serves as a comprehensive exploration of philosophical thought from the Renaissance to the late 19th century, emphasizing the evolution of ideas and their socio-historical contexts. Falckenbergs literary style is marked by a clear, analytic prose that balances scholarly rigor with accessibility, making complex concepts digestible for both students and seasoned scholars. Through a systematic examination of key figures such as Descartes, Hegel, and Kant, the work delineates the intricate tapestry of modern philosophical discourse, shedding light on the interconnectedness of various schools of thought amidst the backdrop of changing cultural movements. As a prominent philosopher and historian of philosophy, Richard Falckenberg was deeply influenced by the intellectual currents of his time. His academic journey intertwined with the contemporary debates surrounding metaphysics, ethics, and epistemology, provided him with a unique vantage point to articulate the development of modern philosophy. Falckenbergs extensive research and teaching experiences have equipped him with a profound understanding of the subject, successfully bridging historical context with philosophical inquiry. Highly regarded in academic circles, "History of Modern Philosophy" is an essential resource for anyone seeking to grasp the fundamental ideas that shaped contemporary thought. Its thorough treatment of pivotal philosophical movements and figures makes it indispensable for students, educators, and anyone interested in the legacy of modern intellectual history.

In "The Philosophy of Disenchantment," Edgar Saltus presents a provocative exploration of human experience through a lens of existential inquiry and aesthetic appreciation. Saltus employs a lyrical prose style that marries philosophical contemplation with rich imagery, deftly navigating the themes of disillusionment, desire, and the fleeting nature of happiness. The work is emblematic of the late 19th-century intellectual climate, reflecting the tensions of modernist thought as it grapples with the disintegration of traditional values and the alienation prevalent in an industrializing society. Saltuss philosophical musings challenge readers to confront the discord between aspiration and reality within the human psyche. Edgar Saltus, an American author and critic, emerged from a deeply introspective background, shaped by his experiences in a rapidly changing world. His fascination with philosophical concepts, particularly those embracing existentialism and aestheticism, informs his narrative in "The Philosophy of Disenchantment," making it a reflection of his own grappling with the complexities of modern life and the pursuit of meaning in an often indifferent universe. Saltuss literary oeuvre frequently interrogates the boundaries of morality, pleasure, and despair, positioning him as a unique voice among American intellectuals of his time. This book is recommended for readers seeking a thoughtful examination of lifes paradoxes through philosophical reflection and poetic prose. Saltus captivates with his exploration of disenchantment and its implications for both individual identity and societal values, making it a vital read for anyone interested in the intersections of philosophy and literature. Join Saltus on a journey that not only challenges conventional thought but also invites introspection and a deeper understanding of the human condition.

In "M. Cousins Course of Philosophy," William Hamilton presents a profound exploration of idealism and the nature of consciousness. Written with a clarity that reflects Hamiltons commitment to accessible philosophical discourse, the book synthesizes the thoughts of prominent philosophers including Hegel and Kant. Hamiltons analytical style invites readers to engage with the complexity of philosophical arguments while maintaining a narrative fluidity that enhances comprehension. The text situates itself within the broader Romantic context, addressing the challenges of understanding the self in a rapidly modernizing world, and it critiques contemporary materialist views with eloquent rigor. William Hamilton, a prominent Scottish philosopher and a notable figure in the 19th-century Scottish school of thought, was significantly influenced by the intellectual currents of his time. His academic journey, marked by both success and controversy, honed his critical thinking and ability to elucidate complex philosophical concepts. Hamiltons own grappling with issues of epistemology and metaphysics undoubtedly shaped his compelling arguments in this work, enhancing its relevance to both scholars and general readers. This book is highly recommended for anyone interested in the evolution of philosophical thought or the intricacies of idealism. Hamiltons adept synthesis of ideas makes this text an invaluable resource for students, philosophers, and anyone looking to deepen their understanding of the philosophical landscape of the 19th century.

In "Philosophy in the Last Forty Years," Rudolf Hermann Lotze delivers a comprehensive analysis of the philosophical movements that emerged in the 19th century, with particular emphasis on the evolution of metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. Employing a rigorous yet accessible literary style, Lotze intertwines detailed philosophical discourse with his reflections on the implications of these ideas in the contemporary intellectual landscape. His contextualization of the prevailing philosophical trends offers readers a vital understanding of how past ideas shape present thought, while also grappling with the tensions between empiricism and idealism that characterized the era. Lotze, a significant figure in German philosophy and a bridge between Kantian and post-Kantian thought, draws from a deep well of scholarly expertise and personal conviction. His background in natural sciences and theology led him to approach philosophy with a holistic perspective, advocating for the integration of philosophical inquiry with empirical observation. This book reflects his passionate advocacy for philosophy as essential to the broader understanding of knowledge and reality, and provides insight into his struggle to reconcile scientific rigor with metaphysical speculation. Readers with an interest in the development of modern philosophy or the philosophical heritage of the 19th century will find Lotzes work indispensable. His nuanced examination not only enriches our understanding of historical philosophical debates but also invites contemporary thinkers to reflect on the enduring relevance of these discussions. "Philosophy in the Last Forty Years" is a crucial read for anyone eager to engage with the complexities of thought that continue to influence current academic and philosophical paradigms.

Enfrentarse a la lectura de la obra del marqués de Sade (1740-1814) implica descender hacia la mazmorra más infecta de la historia de la filosofía. Irreverente y revulsivo, Sade como filósofo desarrolla una vision del mundo que resulta intolerable para la mayoria de las figuras hegemonicas de la disciplina: nada existe en el universo mas que el puro mecanismo ciego de la materia en movimiento. Se trata de un todo increado donde la nocion de Dios no tiene lugar, ya que esta no es mas que una ficcion estupida cuyo exito da cuenta de la debilidad psiquica de la humanidad. Si bien para fines del siglo XVIII, la conjuncion entre materialismo y ateismo ya habia sido planteada, el marques radicaliza la posicion de sus predecesores y convierte ese materialismo ateo en una filosofia amoralista y anti-jerarquica, que dramatiza a traves de sus tramas crueles y obscenas. En ello consiste justamente su revuelta: en haberle dado vida al amoralismo, articulandolo en sus escritos como una filosofia triunfante.

Con la introducción del término "dispositivo", Foucault buscó modificar las categorías con las que la tradición ilustrada había analizado el poder político. De este modo, postuló una nueva teoría del poder y provoco un desplazamiento de su objetivo, desde la capacidad de dar muerte hacia la gestion y el control sobre la vida. Las derivas posteriores del pensamiento biopolitico, con los italianos Giorgio Agamben y Roberto Esposito como sus principales representantes, tendieron a destacar el caracter constrictivo de los dispositivos, dejando de lado las posibilidades intrinsecas de resistencia que ya el mismo Foucault habia planteado en su obra tardia. Luciana Cadahia retoma este aspecto de la teoria foucaultiana no solo para mostrar el caracter abierto y reversible de los dispositivos, sino tambien para adentrarse en una dimension muy poco explorada por los herederos de Foucault, a saber: el papel de la sensibilidad en la configuracion de los dispositivos. Asi, desplaza los debates contemporaneos en torno a este concepto e indaga el vinculo entre Foucault y los filosofos de la Modernidad, Hegel y Schiller en especial, con el objeto de resituar sus trabajos en el terreno de la filosofia, encontrar conexiones entre los problemas que plantean y repensar la relacion de la filosofia consigo misma. Mediaciones de lo sensible se propone recuperar el compromiso de la filosofia con el presente, "puesto que esta no deberia limitarse a denunciar cuales son las categorias politicas de pensamiento que dominan nuestras formas de existencia y los sistemas filosoficos de la Modernidad que las impulsaron, sino ver en que medida las formas actuales de existencia posibilitan una reapropiacion y desvios de la tradicion filosofica de la Modernidad".

Poner a los científicos en contra de un «público dispuesto a creer lo que sea», al que hay que mantener a distancia, es un desastre político. "Los que saben" se convierten en los pastores de un rebañ

In "Philosophical Letters: or, Modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural Philosophy," Margaret Cavendish Duchess of Newcastle provides a profound engagement with the scientific debates of the 17th century. This innovative work merges personal reflection with a rigorous examination of natural philosophy, demonstrating Cavendishs unique voice within the male-dominated intellectual landscape. The letters encapsulate not only a critique of contemporary scientific thought but also an exploration of the intricacies of existence and the role of women in scholarly discourse, blending literary elegance with philosophical inquiry. Margaret Cavendish, one of the foremost figures of early modern feminism, was a prolific writer, scientist, and political theorist. Her exposure to the scientific communitythrough her marriage to a notable nobleman and her interactions with philosophers like Descartesshaped her progressive views on gender and intellectual authority. Cavendishs desire to be a recognized thinker reflects her challenge to societal norms, making her a pivotal figure in the evolution of womens intellectual contributions in the Enlightenment. This book is highly recommended for readers interested in the intersections of gender, philosophy, and science. It invites readers to reflect on the often-overlooked perspectives of women in the development of natural philosophy, offering rich insights that remain relevant in contemporary discussions on gender and knowledge.

In "The Society of the Spectacle," Guy Debord presents a critical analysis of contemporary society, where social life is increasingly mediated by images and representations. Written in a provocative and aphoristic style, Debords text is an incisive examination of how spectacledefined as the commodified representations of lifeshapes human experience, social relations, and consciousness. Contextually rooted in Marxist theory, the book articulates the ways in which capitalism subsumes authentic social relations into a superficial spectacle, affecting both perception and reality. Its vivid discussions and theoretical depth render it a foundational text in the realms of cultural criticism, media studies, and revolutionary theory. Debord, a founding member of the Situationist International, was deeply influenced by the socio-political upheavals of post-war France, particularly May 1968, which informed his view of alienation in modern life. His experiences as a filmmaker and theorist led him to investigate the intersections of art, politics, and daily existence, culminating in this seminal work that critiques the banality of consumer culture. Debords erudition and radical insights are products of his time, yet resonate with the contemporary landscape of digital media and cultural commodification. Highly recommended for scholars, activists, and anyone interested in understanding the pervasive influence of media in shaping modern identity, "The Society of the Spectacle" challenges readers to question their engagement with the spectacle and to redefine the parameters of authentic social interaction in an age dominated by images.