eBooks de Biografías históricas universales, página 11 de 909

Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book for All and None (German: Also sprach Zarathustra: Ein Buch fur Alle und Keinen, also translated as Thus Spake Zarathustra) is a philosophical novel by German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, composed in four parts between 1883 and 1885 and published between 1883 and 1891. Much of the work deals with ideas such as the "eternal recurrence of the same", the parable on the "death of God", and the "prophecy" of the Ubermensch, which were first introduced in The Gay Science.Thus Spoke Zarathustra was conceived while Nietzsche was writing The Gay Science; he made a small note, reading "6,000 feet beyond man and time," as evidence of this. More specifically, this note related to the concept of the eternal recurrence, which is, by Nietzsches admission, the central idea of Zarathustra; this idea occurred to him by a "pyramidal block of stone" on the shores of Lake Silvaplana in the Upper Engadine, a high alpine region whose valley floor is at 6,000 feet (1,800 m). Nietzsche planned to write the book in three parts over several years. He wrote that the ideas for Zarathustra first came to him while walking on two roads surrounding Rapallo, according to Elisabeth Forster.

"Three Men in a Boat" is the story of three Englishman who pile into a boat with food, clothes, and a fox terrier named Montmorency and set off on the Thames to see the English countryside. "Three Men in a Boat" is a first-class comic masterpiece. As the three well-to-do upper class gentleman set out on their excursion they are beset by a series of comic mishaps. Jerome K. Jerome masterfully weaves a tale that is a hilarious critique of the self-centered behavior of the English upper classes so typical of Victorian England.

Bram Stokers vampire novel Dracula, which paved the way for vampire lore in popular culture, was published today in 1897. Here are 10 facts about the former Daily Telegraph journalist.Bram Stoker wrote 12 novels, including Dracula and The Jewel of Seven Stars, and also published collections of short stories. Dracula was originally titled The Undead. As Dracula says: My revenge is just begun! I spread it over centuries, and time is on my side. To date, more than 1000 novels and 200 films have been made about the vampire Dracula.Stoker, who had been an occasional freelance contributor to The Daily Telegraph in the 1890s, began working regularly for the paper as part of the literary staff from 1905 until 1910, during which time he also wrote theatre reviews for the paper. During this period, he was also working on The Lair of the White Worm.Born in Dublin on 8 November 1847, Stoker had an ancient, colourful lineage on his mothers side including the legendary sheriff of Galway, who hanged his own son. It was material the writer mined in his fiction.A key inspiration for Dracula was always said to have been Vlad the Impaler, the 15th-century Transylvanian-born prince also known as Vlad III Dracula of Wallachia. However, historian Fiona Fitzsimons says: Stoker did not use overtly Irish references in Dracula, but his main theme is taken from Irish history the history, we now learn, of his own family recast in the writers imagination. Manus the Magnificent (Manus ODonnell,who once ruled much of Ireland) was Stokers direct ancestor and was an influence on the book."

TREASURE ISLAND is an adventure novel by Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson, narrating a tale of "buccaneers and buried gold". It was originally serialized in the childrens magazine Young Folks between 1881 through 1882 under the title Treasure Island, or the mutiny of the Hispaniola, credited to the pseudonym "Captain George North". It was first published as a book on 14 November 1883 by Cassell & Co.Treasure Island is traditionally considered a coming-of-age story, and is noted for its atmosphere, characters, and action. It is also noted as a wry commentary on the ambiguity of morality-as seen in Long John Silver-unusual for childrens literature. It is one of the most frequently dramatized of all novels. Its influence is enormous on popular perceptions of pirates, including such elements as treasure maps marked with an "X", schooners, the Black Spot, tropical islands, and one-legged seamen bearing parrots on their shoulders.

Oliver Twist, or The Parish Boys Progress, is the second novel by English author Charles Dickens and was first published as a serial 183739. The story is of the orphan Oliver Twist, who starts his life in a workhouse and is then sold into apprenticeship with an undertaker. He escapes from there and travels to London, where he meets the Artful Dodger, a member of a gang of juvenile pickpockets led by the elderly criminal, Fagin.Oliver Twist was born into a life of poverty and misfortune in a workhouse in an unnamed town (although when originally published in Bentleys Miscellany in 1837, the town was called Mudfog and said to be within 70 miles north of London in reality, this is the location of the town of Northampton). Orphaned by his mothers death in childbirth and his fathers unexplained absence, Oliver is meagerly provided for under the terms of the Poor Law and spends the first nine years of his life living at a baby farm in the care of a woman named Mrs. Mann. Oliver is brought up with little food and few comforts. Around the time of Olivers ninth birthday, Mr. Bumble, the parish beadle, removes Oliver from the baby farm and puts him to work picking and weaving oakum at the main workhouse. Oliver, who toils with very little food, remains in the workhouse for six months. One day, the desperately hungry boys decide to draw lots; the loser must ask for another portion of gruel. The task falls to Oliver, who at the next meal tremblingly comes up forward, bowl in hand, and begs Mr. Bumble for gruel with his famous request: "Please, sir, I want some more".

What makes a legitimate government? Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes is a foundational text of western civilization. The book features one of the earliest examples of social contract theory and is essential reading for those who wish to understand government, politics and even business.

The Brothers Karamazov is the final novel by the Russian author Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Dostoyevsky spent nearly two years writing The Brothers Karamazov, which was completed and published in November 1880. The book is a passionate philosophical novel set in 19th century Russia, that enters deeply into the ethical debates of God, free will, and morality. It is a spiritual drama of moral struggles concerning faith, doubt, and reason, set against a modernizing Russia. Dostoyevsky composed much of the novel in Staraya Russa, which inspired the main setting. Since its publication, it has been acclaimed all over the world by intellectuals as one of the supreme achievements in literature.Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky ( 1821 1881) was a Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist and philosopher. Dostoyevskys literary works explore human psychology in the context of the troubled political, social, and spiritual atmosphere of 19th-century Russia. Many literary critics rate him as one of the greatest and most prominent psychologists in world literature.

Emily Brontes only novel, Wuthering Heights remains one of literatures most disturbing explorations into the dark side of romantic passion. Heathcliff and Cathy believe theyre destined to love each other forever, but when cruelty and snobbery separate them, their untamed emotions literally consume them.

The Hours have oped the palace of the dawnAnd through the Eastern gates of Heaven, AuroraComes charioted on light, her wind-swift steeds,Winged with roseate clouds, strain up the steep.She loosely holds the reins, her golden hair,Its strings outspread by the sweet morning breeze[,]Blinds the pale stars. Our rural tasks begin;The young lambs bleat pent up within the fold,The herds low in their stalls, & the blithe cockHalloos most loudly to his distant mates.But who are these we see? these are not men,Divine of form & sple[n]didly arrayed,They sit in solemn conclave. Is that Pan,Our Country God, surrounded by his Fauns?And who is he whose crown of gold & harpAre attributes of high Apollo?

This highly imaginative work of Mary Shelleys twenty-sixth year contains some of the authors most powerful ideas ; but is marred in the commencement by some of her most stilted writing.The account of the events recorded professes to be found in the cave of the Cumsean Sibyl, near Naples, where they had remained for centuries, outlasting the changes of nature and, when found, being still two hundred and fifty years in advance of the time foretold. The accounts are all written on the sibylline leaves; they are in all languages, ancient and modern; and those concerning this story are in English.We find ourselves in England, in the midst of a Republic, the last king of England having abdicated at the quietly expressed wish of his subjects. This book, like all Mrs. Shelleys, is full of biographical reminiscences; the introduction gives the date of her own visit to Naples with Shelley, in 1818; the places they visited are there indicated ; the poetry, romance, the pleasures and pains of her own existence, are worked into her subjects ; while her imagination carries her out of her own surroundings. We clearly recognise in the ideal character of the son of the abdicated king an imaginary portrait of Shelley as Mary would have him known, not as she knew him as a living person. To give an adequate idea of genius with all its charm, and yet with its human imperfections, was beyond Marys power. Adrian, the son of kings, the aristocratic republican, is the weakest part, and one cannot help being struck by Mary Shelleys preference for the aristocrat over the plebeian.

THE ART OF WAR (Chinese: ????; pinyin: S?nz? b?ngf?) is an ancient Chinese military treatise attributed to Sun Tzu, a high-ranking military general, strategist and tactician, and kindred to the Realpolitik of his time, termed in China as Legalism. The text is composed of 13 chapters, each of which is devoted to one aspect of warfare. It is commonly thought of as a definitive work on military strategy and tactics. It has been the most famous and influential of Chinas Seven Military Classics, and "for the last two thousand years it remained the most important military treatise in Asia, where even the common people knew it by name." It has had an influence on Eastern and Western military thinking, business tactics, legal strategy and beyond.Beyond its military and intelligence applications from earliest days to the present time, THE ART OF WAR has been applied to many fields well outside of the military. Much of the text is about how to fight wars without actually having to do battle: it gives tips on how to outsmart ones opponent so that physical battle is not necessary. As such, it has found application as a training guide for many competitive endeavors that do not involve actual combat. There are business books applying its lessons to office politics and corporate strategy. Many companies make the book required reading for their key executives. The book is also popular among Western business management, who have turned to it for inspiration and advice on how to succeed in competitive business situations. It has also been applied to the field of education. The Art of War has been the subject of law books and legal articles on the trial process, including negotiation tactics and trial strategy.

How Agamemnon and Achilles fell out at the siege of Troy; and Achilles withdrew himself from battle, and won from Zeus a pledge that his wrong should be avenged on Agamemnon and the Achaians.CONTENTSINTRODUCTION.POPES PREFACE TO THE ILIAD OF HOMERBOOK I.-THE CONTENTION OF ACHILLES ANDAGAMEMNON.BOOK II.-THE TRIAL OF THE ARMY, AND CATALOGUE OF THE FORCES.BOOK III.-THE DUEL OF MENELAUS AND PARIS.BOOK IV.-THE BREACH OF THE TRUCE, AND THE FIRST BATTLE.BOOK V.-THE ACTS OF DIOMED.BOOK VI.-THE EPISODES OF GLAUCUS AND DIOMED, AND OF HECTOR AND ANDROMACHE.BOOK VII.-THE SINGLE COMBAT OF HECTOR AND AJAX.BOOK VIII.-THE SECOND BATTLE, AND THE DISTRESS OF THE GREEKS.BOOK IX.-THE EMBASSY TO ACHILLES.BOOK X.-THE NIGHT-ADVENTURE OF DIOMED AND ULYSSES.BOOK XI.-THE THIRD BATTLE, AND THE ACTS OF AGAMEMNON.BOOK XII.-THE BATTLE AT THE GRECIAN WALL.BOOK XIII.-THE FOURTH BATTLE CONTINUED, IN WHICH NEPTUNE ASSISTS THE GREEKS: THE ACTS OF IDOMENEUS.BOOK XIV.-JUNO DECEIVES JUPITER BY THE GIRDLE OF VENUS.BOOK XV.-THE FIFTH BATTLE AT THE SHIPS; AND THE ACTS OF AJAX.BOOK XVI.-THE SIXTH BATTLE, THE ACTS AND DEATH OF PATROCLUSBOOK XVII.-THE SEVENTH BATTLE, FOR THE BODY OF PATROCLUS.THE ACTS OF MENELAUS.BOOK XVIII.-THE GRIEF OF ACHILLES, AND NEWARMOUR MADE HIM BY VULCAN.BOOK XIX.-THE RECONCILIATION OF ACHILLES AND AGAMEMNON.BOOK XX.-THE BATTLE OF THE GODS, AND THE ACTS OF ACHILLES.BOOK XXI.-THE BATTLE IN THE RIVER SCAMANDER.BOOK XXII.-THE DEATH OF HECTOR.BOOK XXIII.-FUNERAL GAMES IN HONOUR OF PATROCLUS.BOOK XXIV.-THE REDEMPTION OF THE BODY OFHECTOR.CONCLUDING NOTE.Footnotes

It is remarkably appropriate that this work on aesthetics should have been written by George Santayana, who is probably the most brilliant philosophic writer and the philosopher with the strongest sense of beauty since Plato. It is not a dry metaphysical treatise, as works on aesthetics so often are, but is itself a fascinating document: as much a revelation of the beauty of language as of the concept of beauty.This unabridged reproduction of the 1896 edition of lectures delivered at Harvard College is a study of "why, when, and how beauty appears, what conditions an object must fulfill to be beautiful, what elements of our nature make us sensible of beauty, and what the relation is between the constitution of the object and the excitement of our susceptibility."Santayana first analyzes the nature of beauty, finding it irrational, "pleasure regarded as the quality of a thing." He then proceeds to the materials of beauty, showing what all human functions can contribute: love, social instincts, senses, etc. Beauty of form is then analyzed, and finally the author discusses the expression of beauty. Literature, religion, values, evil, wit, humor, and the possibility of finite perfection are all examined. Presentation throughout the work is concrete and easy to follow, with examples drawn from art, history, anthropology, psychology, and similar areas.

The Count of Monte Cristo (French: Le Comte de Monte-Cristo) is an adventure novel by French author Alexandre Dumas (pere) completed in 1844. It is one of the authors most popular works, along with The Three Musketeers. Like many of his novels, it is expanded from plot outlines suggested by his collaborating ghostwriter Auguste Maquet.

In this book eight lectures given before the Lowell Institute in Boston during the late autumn of 1914 are combined with material drawn from a course of lectures delivered the previous spring before the Western Colleges with which Harvard University maintains an annual exchangeBeloit, Carleton, Colorado, Grinnell, and Knox. The lecture form has been kept, even at the cost of occasional repetition.The purpose of these lectures is to present within a moderate compass an historical account of the progress of Greek religious thought through something over a thousand years. No attempt has been made to give a general treatment of Greek religion, or to deal with pre-Hellenic origins, with religious antiquities, or with mythology. The discussions are confined rather to the Greeks ideas about the nature of the gods, and to their concepts of the relations between gods and men and of mens obligations toward the divine. The lectures therefore deal with the higher ranges of Greek thought and at times have much to do with philosophy and theology.Yet I have felt free to interpret my subject liberally, and, so far as space allowed, I have touched on whatever seemed to me most significant. Ethics has been included without hesitation, for the Greeks themselves, certainly from the fifth century b.c., regarded morals as closely connected with religion. A treatment of the oriental religions seemed desirable, since the first two centuries and a half of our era cannot be understood if these religions are left out of account. Still more necessary was it to include Christianity. In my handling of this I have discussed the teachings of Jesus and of Paul with comparative fullness, in order to set forth clearly the material which later under the influence of secular thought was transformed into a philosophic system. Origen and Plotinus represent the culmination of Greek religious philosophy.Such a book as this can be nothing more than a sketch; in it the scholar will miss many topics which might well have been included. Of such omissions I am fully conscious; but limitations of subject and of space forced me to select those themes which seemed most significant in the development of the religious ideas of the ancient world.It is not possible for me to acknowledge all my obligations to others. I wish, however, to express here my gratitude to Professor C. P. Parker, who has shared his knowledge of Plato with me; to Professor J. H. Ropes, who has helped me on many points in my last two lectures, where I especially needed an experts aid; and to Professor C. N. Jackson, who has read the entirebook in manuscript and by his learning and judgment has made me his constant debtor. The criticism which these friends have given me has been of the greatest assistance even when I could not accept their views; and none of them is responsible for my statements.

When the White family comes into the possession of a monkeys paw that magically grant wishes, they do what many people would dothey wish for money. But every wish has a consequence, and the White family finds they are completely unprepared for what comes next. The Monkeys Paw is a classic horror tale that gives new meaning to the phrase be careful what you wish for.The Monkeys Paw has become a classic horror story and has been adapted numerous times, including into episodes of such popular television series as The X-Files, The Twilight Zone, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, The Simpsons: Treehouse of Horror, Are You Afraid of the Dark?, and Tales from the Crypt.

Pubblichiamo questa settima edizione, dopo il lusinghiero esito delle altre precedenti, anche con maggior compiacimento perche, oltre ad unopera utile, che crediamo possa svolgere questo libro fra le popolazioni agricole e di regioni alpine, esso serve a far conoscere numerosi tesori ancor Poco sfruttati in Italia nel campo delle piante e delle erbe alpine. Tutti sanno che numerose specie di piante sono adoperate in grandi quantita, sia nellindustria dei liquori o dei profumi, sia per uso medicinale, ma non tutti sanno che lItalia, che pur e ricca di questa meravigliosa flora, dipende ancora dallestero per la maggior parte di questi prodotti.Se noi sapessimo e se volessimo sfruttar queste nostre ricchezze naturali potremmo non solo bastare al consumo interno, ma ancora alimentare il mercato mondiale.Per rimediare a tale stato di cose, che ora si ripete ancora con maggior ampiezza, in Francia e stato iniziato dai pubblici Poteri un vasto movimento di propaganda, organizzato per intensificare la raccolta delle Piante terapeutiche indigene e per raccomandarne specialmente la cultura e divulgarne le virtu."Due o tre Piante bene applicate hanno spesso un effetto piu sicuro e di minor violenza alla natura che una sequela di droghe, le quali fermentano nello stomaco e che un infermo fa maggior fatica a sopportare, della stessa malattia che lo affligge". Ecco quanto scriveva nel 1714 il grande dott. Chomel, medico del Re e decano della Facolta di Medicina di Parigi.Oggidi sono meglio conosciute e piu apprezzate le virtu terapeutiche di uninfinita di piante, lesperienza secolare di insigni medici e botanici ha stabilito precisamente in quali casi si possono impiegare con utili risultati medicamenti a base di erbe terapeutiche.E non solo nella medicina esse occupano un Posto cospicuo, ma in tutta leconomia domestica e nellindustria dei liquori e Profumi.Rivelare Percio al pubblico tutte queste virtu sconosciute che la Natura ha prodigato alla flora nostrana, indicare in quali casi possono essere di utile impiego terapeutico od industriale, ecco il principale intendimento che ha mosso lautore a promuoverne una settima edizione.Confidiamo quindi di avere la simpatia e lincoraggiamento di quanti non disdegnano la pratica esperienza del Passato millenario in queste umili note di divulgazione delle meravigliose ed ignorate virtu della Natura.

Giuseppe Garibaldi (Nizza, 4 luglio 1807 Caprera, 2 giugno 1882) e stato un generale, patriota, condottiero e scrittore italiano.Noto anche con lappellativo di "Eroe dei due mondi" per le sue imprese militari compiute sia in Europa sia in America Meridionale, e la figura piu rilevante del Risorgimento e uno dei personaggi storici italiani piu celebri al mondo.È considerato dalla storiografia e nella cultura popolare del XX secolo da essa influenzata, il principale eroe nazionale italiano. Inizio i suoi spostamenti per il mondo quale ufficiale di navi mercantili e poi quale capitano di lungo corso al comando. La sua impresa militare piu nota fu la spedizione dei Mille, che annesse il Regno delle Due Sicilie al nascente Regno dItalia durante lUnita dItalia.Garibaldi era inoltre massone di 33º grado del Grande Oriente dItalia (ricopri anche brevemente la carica di Gran Maestro) e anticlericale e fu autore di numerosi scritti e pubblicazioni, prevalentemente di memorialistica e politica, ma anche romanzi e poesie.

Neste quase romance, a autora narra sua história familiar a partir de cartas trocadas entre seus pais durante um longo e obrigatório período de separação. Como os acontecimentos ocorreram nos primeir

It may be the oldest surviving long poem in Old English and is commonly cited as one of the most important works of Old English literature. A date of composition is a matter of contention among scholars; the only certain dating pertains to the manuscript, which was produced between 975 and 1025. The author was an anonymous Anglo-Saxon poet, referred to by scholars as the "Beowulf poet".The poem is set in Scandinavia. Beowulf, a hero of the Geats, comes to the aid of Hrothgar, the king of the Danes, whose mead hall in Heorot has been under attack by a monster known as Grendel. After Beowulf slays him, Grendels mother attacks the hall and is then also defeated. Victorious, Beowulf goes home to Geatland and later becomes king of the Geats. After a period of fifty years has passed, Beowulf defeats a dragon, but is fatally wounded in the battle. After his death, his attendants cremate his body and erect a tower on a headland in his memory.The full poem survives in the manuscript known as the Nowell Codex, located in the British Library. It has no title in the original manuscript, but has become known by the name of the storys protagonist. In 1731, the manuscript was badly damaged by a fire that swept through Ashburnham House in London that had a collection of medieval manuscripts assembled by Sir Robert Bruce Cotton.