This monograph reports the results of the Quirigua Project Site Periphery Program, five seasons (1975-1979) of archaeological survey and excavation in the 96 km2 immediately adjoining the classic Maya site of Quirigua. Ashmore identifies and helps us understand where and how the people of Quirigua lived. She presents detailed material evidence in two data catalogues, for the floodplain settlement adjoining Quirigua and for sites in the wider periphery. The work situates Quirigua settlement firmly in a regional context, benefiting from the extraordinary abundance of information amassed in southeastern Mesoamerica since 1979. It sheds new light on the political, economic, and social dynamics of the region including the sometimes-fractious interactions between Quirigua, its overlords at Copan, and people elsewhere in the Lower Motagua Valley and beyond.

In 1962 the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania observed its seventy-fifth anniversary. During those seventy-five years the sciences of anthropology, archaeology, and ethnology-the studies of man, his antiquity, and his cultures-grew into major areas of study and research. Paralleling this growth of the study of man, in fact an integral part of it, has been the growth of the University Museum. Men in Search of Man tells the story of the University Museum by telling the stories of the men who were responsible for the success of the institution. The scientific contributions are recorded in hundreds of journals and periodicals; this is the story of the men who made those contributions. The University Museum was a direct outgrowth of a Babylonian expedition to Nippur, a prebiblical city-state in Mesopotamia. The artifacts brought back from this expedition, and subsequent ones, formed the nucleus of the museums famous collection. The expedition to Nippur was only the beginning, however, of a series of expeditions to such far-flung places as Ur of the Chaldees; Tikal, Guatemala; and Meydum, Egypt. These archaeological feats, and many others, firmly established the University Museum as an important force in archaeological discovery and exploitation. Percy C. Madeira, Jr. has told the story of the University Museum with the knowledge and insight that could come only from having been intimately associated with the institution for more than thirty years. Serving successively as Vice-President, President, and Chairman of the Board, Madeira was instrumental in the growth and expansion of the University Museum and its facilities and services. Along with the story of the museum, the author has told some of the classic anecdotes relative to the museum and its staff. Illustrated with many photographs of the expeditions, as well as of the collections, Men in Search of Man contains several supplements listing additional information pertinent to the history of the museum.

Descartes boldly claimed: "I think, therefore I am." But one might well ask: Why do we think? How? When and why did our human ancestors develop language and culture? In other words, what makes the human mind human? Evolution of Mind, Brain, and Culture offers a comprehensive and scientific investigation of these perennial questions. Fourteen essays bring together the work of archaeologists, cultural and physical anthropologists, psychologists, philosophers, geneticists, a neuroscientist, and an environmental scientist to explore the evolution of the human mind, the brain, and the human capacity for culture. The volume represents and critically engages major theoretical approaches, including Donalds stage theory, Mithens cathedral model, Tomasellos joint intentionality, and Boyd and Richersons modeling of the evolution of culture in relation to climate change. No recent publication combines this breadth of evidential and theoretical perspective. The essays range in topic from the macroscopic (the evolution of social cooperation) to the microscopic (examining genetic data to infer evolutions in brain structure and function), and from the ancient (paleoanthropological reconstructions of hominin cognitive abilities) to the modern (including modern hominins similarities to our primate cousins). Considered together, these essays constitute a fascinating, detailed look at what makes us human.

Eine Reflexion aus Kants handschriftlichem Nachlass, in der von einer anthropologia transcendentalis die Rede ist, lost Verwunderung aus. Bei allen Vorbehalten wegen der Singularitat dieser Formulierung im Kantschen Werk besitzt die Stelle jedoch eine wichtige Bedeutung und erfordert eine genauere Analyse. Denn in dieser Reflexion erklart Kant auch, dass ein Gelehrter vermeiden musse, ein Cyclop zu werden, das heit die Phanomene mit nur einem Auge zu betrachten. Jeder Arzt, Theologe, Jurist, selbst Geometer hat Kant zufolge noch ein Auge notig, welches macht, dass er seinen Gegenstand noch aus dem Gesichtspunkte anderer Menschen ansieht.

This book presents the pottery and the clay and metal sculptures dedicated to the deity Eileithyia in her shrine at Inatos, in southern Crete. This is the second of three planned volumes on this assemblage of specialized gifts to a unique goddess. It follows the Egyptiaka from the shrine that were published in volume I. The clay vessels are discussed by periods, from the Minoan to the Roman Imperial era. Clay figurines are divided by classes. Separate chapters describe models and other items of clay, including boat models, a ring-shaped frieze of dancing warriors, animal figurines, and Roman lamps. Highlights of this important assemblage of votive objects include about 200 Minoan miniature vessels and many small sculptures from the Late Geometric to Archaic periods, including seated pairs of female figurines in preparation for childbirth, sexually embracing couples, and a boat model with standing female figures on the gunwales accompanying a fetus traveling in the vessel.

This volume is a catalog of the ancient Egyptian imports and Egyptianizing artifacts found in 1962 during the excavation of a cave near Tsoutsouros (ancient Inatos), Crete, Greece. The cave was a sanctuary dedicated to the Minoan and Greek goddess Eileithyia. The Aegyptiaca of the Minoan and Mycenaean eras on Crete signify the political and economic relations between the Aegean rulers and the Egyptian royal court. Several of the objects are Egyptian scarabs, and they certainly represent official Egyptian-Cretan affairs, especially those dating from the reign of Amenophis III to the end of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Much of the cataloged objects come from the 10th to 7th centuries B.C., and they are appropriate for venerating the goddess of childbirth and motherhood. The statuettes, seals, and vessels are lavishly illustrated with plates of color photographs.

This volume reports on excavations carried out by Peter D. Harrison in the early 1960s in the West Plaza of the Maya center of Tikal, Guatemala. Primarily descriptive in nature, this work is an important compliment to Tikal Report No. 14: Excavations in the Great Plaza, North Terrace, and North Acropolis of Tikal, by William R. Coe. The West Plaza was originally the western portion of the Great Plaza until construction of Great Temple II separated it. Subsequently, the West Plaza took on its own identity. This report presents data from these investigations no longer retrievable in the field and, therefore, of importance to anyone interested in the development of Tikals epicenter.

Among the main questions relating to the interpretation of popular religiosity phenomena there are those on the usefulness of historical sources (archaeological and documentary) for the purposes of understanding the mythical-ritual present, on the presumed chronological continuity of practices and beliefs and on the legitimacy and effectiveness of historical-comparative method. These questions deserve to be taken up again on the basis of renewed investigations in the face of the now-occurring dissolution of what has been defined as "peasant civilization" and the renewed interest in intangible heritage both by communities in search of identity matrices and cultural memories and by part of the so-called "cultural market". This volume presents important works by Ignazio Buttitta.

The people of the Iraqi Marshlands are heirs to a culture that can be traced back thousands of years, and prior to the 1970s (i.e. before they were systematically desiccated by Saddam), these marshes comprised the largest wetland ecosystem in the Middle East. It is also a site considered by many scholars as the inspiration for the biblical Garden of Eden in the Bible and the Koran, as well as the site where the Great Flood occurred, and the birthplace of the patriarch Abraham. The Iraqi Marshlands are therefore an area of major significance in the history of the three monotheistic religions: Christianity, Islam and Judaism. "The Iraqi Marshlands, Its People and Culture" will be the definitive text for all those wishing to develop an in-depth understanding of a rich cultural legacy and lifestyle that survives today only as a fragmented cultural inheritance. The book clearly and compassionately illustrates how, until recent decades, the economy and lives of the Madan (Marsh Arabs) that spans over five thousand years remained similar to the ancient practices of their Sumerian forbears, and how the current marsh dwellers with their impressive reed houses (mudhif) and long canoes (mashufs) are our only link with this rich cultural past. The book is also a moving testament to these forgotten people, whose habitats, villages and very lives were progressively snuffed out by the Iraqi government during the repressive reign of Saddam Hussein. It highlights precisely how and why Saddam methodically tried to destroy these wetlands, and explores the enormous international efforts now underway to restore them. Finally, the book also demonstrates the inevitable environmental consequences of Saddams massive destruction of the marshes: the extinction of endangered species of birds, animals and plants that were endemic to the marshes and are found nowhere else.

Since the days of V. Gordon Childe, the study of the emergence of complex societies has been a central question in anthropological archaeology. However, archaeologists working in the Americanist tradition have drawn most of their models for the emergence of social complexity from research in the Middle East and Latin America. Bernard Wailes was a strong advocate for the importance of later prehistoric and early medieval Europe as an alternative model of sociopolitical evolution and trained generations of American archaeologists now active in European research from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages. Two centuries of excavation and research in Europe have produced one of the richest bodies of archaeological data anywhere in the world. The abundant data show that technological innovations such as metallurgy appeared very early, but urbanism and state formation are comparatively late developments. Key transformative process such as the spread of agriculture did not happen uniformly but rather at different rates in different regions. The essays in this volume celebrate the legacy of Bernard Wailes by highlighting the contribution of the European archaeological record to our understanding of the emergence of social complexity. They provide case studies in how ancient Europe can inform anthropological archaeology. Not only do they illuminate key research topics, they also invite archaeologists working in other parts of the world to consider comparisons to ancient Europe as they construct models for cultural development for their regions. Although there is a substantial corpus of literature on European prehistoric and medieval archaeology, we do not know of a comparable volume that explicitly focuses on the contribution that the study of ancient Europe can make to anthropological archaeology.

Landscapes of Movement originates from the premise that trails, paths, and roads are the physical manifestation of human movement through the landscape and are central to an understanding of that movement. The study of these features connects with many intellectual domains, engaging history, geography, environmental studies, and, in particular, anthropology and archaeology. These diverse fields together provide not only a better understanding of infrastructure but also of social, political, and economic organization, cultural expressions of patterned movement, and the ways in which trails, paths, and roads reflect a cultures traditional knowledge, worldview, memory, and identity. The contributors to Landscapes of Movement document these routes across different times and cultures, from those made by hunter-gatherers in the Great Basin of North America to causeways in the Bolivian Amazon to Bronze Age towns in the Near East, examined through aerial and satellite photography, surface survey, historic records, and archaeological excavation. The essays consider many factors in the development and use of trails, paths, and roads, including labor, technology, terrain characteristics, landscape features, access, and ownership. Diverse scales of movement are also addressed, ranging from paths between home and fields to roads used for long-distance journeying. Overall, the book makes the case for the centrality of paths, trails, and roads as an organizing element of human lives throughout history.

In Origins of Agriculture in Western Central Asia, archaeologist David R. Harris addresses questions of when, how, and why agriculture and settled village life began east of the Caspian Sea. The book describes and assesses evidence from archaeological investigations in Turkmenistan and adjacent parts of Iran, Uzbekistan, and Afghanistan in relation to present and past environmental conditions and genetic and archaeological data on the ancestry of the crops and domestic animals of the Neolithic period. It includes accounts of previous research on the prehistoric archaeology of the region and reports the results of a recent environmental-archaeological project undertaken by British, Russian, and Turkmen archaeologists in Turkmenistan, principally at the early Neolithic site of Jeitun (Djeitun) on the southern edge of the Karakum desert. This project has demonstrated unequivocally that agropastoralists who cultivated barley and wheat, raised goats and sheep, hunted wild animals, made stone tools and pottery, and lived in small mudbrick settlements were present in southern Turkmenistan by 7,000 years ago (c. 6,000 BCE calibrated), where they came into contact with hunter-gatherers of the "Keltiminar Culture." It is possible that barley and goats were domesticated locally, but the available archaeological and genetic evidence leads to the conclusion that all or most of the elements of the Neolithic "Jeitun Culture" spread to the region from farther west by a process of demic or cultural diffusion that broadly parallels the spread of Neolithic agropastoralism from southwest Asia into Europe. By synthesizing for the first time what is currently known about the origins of agriculture in a large part of Central Asia, between the more fully investigated regions of southwest Asia and China, this book makes a unique contribution to the worldwide literature on transitions from hunting and gathering to agriculture.

With its small population and low GDP, Mongolia is frequently deemed "unique" or tacked onto various area studies programs: Inner Asia, Central Asia, Northeast Asia, or Eurasia. This volume is a response to the concern that countries such as Mongolia are marginalized when academia and international diplomacy reconfigure area studies borders in the postsocialist era. Would marginalized countries such as Mongolia benefit from a reconfiguration of area studies programs or even from another way of thinking about grouping nations? This book uses Mongolia as a case study to critique the area studies methodology and test the efficacy of another grouping methodology, the "-scapes" method proposed by Arjun Appadurai. Could the application of this approach for tracing individuals social networks by theme (finance, ethnicity, ideology, media, and technology) be applied to nation-states or peoples? Could it then prevent Mongolia from slipping through the cracks of academia and international diplomacy? Experts from ecology, genetics, archaeology, history, anthropology, and international diplomacy contemplate these issues in their chapters on Mongolia through the ages. Their work includes over 30 maps to help situate Mongolia in its geologic, geographic, economic, and cultural matrix. By comparing maps of different time periods and intellectual orientations, readers can consider for themselves the place of Mongolia in the world community and the relative benefits of these and other grouping methodologies.

Siberias Lake Baikal region is an archaeologically unique and emerging area of hunter-gatherer research, offering insights into the complexity, variability, and dynamics of long-term culture change. The exceptional quality of archaeological materials recovered there facilitates interdisciplinary studies whose relevance extends far beyond the region. The Baikal Archaeology Project--one of the most comprehensive studies ever conducted in the history of subarctic archaeology--is conducted by an international multidisciplinary team studying Middle Holocene (about 9,000 to 3,000 years B.P.) hunter-gatherers of the region. Funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the project includes scholars in archaeology, physical anthropology, ethnography, molecular biology, geophysics, geochemistry, and paleoenvironmental studies. This book presents the current teams research findings on questions about long-term patterns of hunter-gatherer adaptive strategies. Grounded in interdisciplinary approaches to primary research questions of cultural change and continuity over 6,000 years, the project utilizes advanced research methods and integrates diverse lines of evidence in making fundamental and lasting contributions to hunter-gatherer archaeology. Content of this books DVD-ROM may be found online at this location: http://core.tdar.org/project/376587.

Software-based technologies deeply saturate our everyday lives. Consequently, they also influence the ways we see and mediate the world. In fact, the ease and flexibility software provides implies a shift in control. Digital media mediates itself, turning software into a co-author. Yet, the potentials of such a co-authorship are still largely constrained by conventions stemming from the need to run strips of celluloid through a projector. This book demonstrates how software can retrain filmmakers visions of the world from branching trees to the shifting contours of clouds. It does so by ethnographically studying one particular technology, the Korsakow System. The result is a methodology for interrogating established software regimes; a task increasingly in need of anthropological attention.

Emplear en la misma frase Fisicoculturismo y Filosofía, lo admitimos, puede sonar extraño, dada la general idea de este deporte como algo grotesco. Hagamos la siguiente pregunta provocadora: ¿acaso el fisicoculturismo puede enseñar algo a la Filosofia? Algunos filosofos han estudiado, siquiera muy tangencialmente, esta disciplina, como Gustavo Bueno y sus investigaciones sobre el deporte olimpico. Filosofos fenomenologos del cuerpo como Le-Breton ?en realidad, antropologo y sociologo?, se han adentrado mas en su estudio, pero sin dedicarle una obra central. El estudio filosofico se ha sentido poco atraido por esta realidad social y cultural, por tanto por el ethos que lo identifica especificamente, dentro de la actividad generica deportiva, ni tampoco se ha sentido atraido por los dispositivos en presencia. El filosofo italiano Tommaso Ariemma en su breve libro, meramente introductorio y provocador, Il corpo preso con Filosofia. Body building, chirurgia estetica, clonazioni (2013) nos recuerda, sin embargo, que el fisicoculturismo puede contribuir (sic) en algun aspecto a la Filosofia, en particular, por la via de las paradojas sobre el cuerpo que el cuerpo bodybuilder pone tan en evidencia (2013:27). Solo lo deja meramente indicado, no profundiza, pues la provocacion debe ser breve y directa, pero nos es interesante ahora esa linea abierta de pensamiento, y nos ofrece la posibilidad de seguir una senda de investigacion interesante.

The clothing and ornament of Greek women signalled much about the status and the morality assigned to them. Yet this revealing aspect of womens history has been little studied. In this collection of new studies by an international team, ancient visual evidence from vase-painting and sculpture is used extensively alongside Greek literature to reconstruct how women of the Greek world were perceived, and also, in important ways, how they lived.

La investigación de Twinam explora las aplicaciones de las "gracias al sacar" a través de las cuales pardos y mulatos podían comprar los privilegios de la blancura. Al examinar las historias inmediatas y de largo plazo que subyacen a estas peticiones, la autora brinda una vision sorprendente de esas formas, singularmente caracteristicas y profundamente arraigadas en la sociedad de la epoca, a traves de las cuales el mundo hispano negocio procesos de inclusion y exclusion.Este libro es una traduccion, aumentada y actualizada, de Purchasing Whiteness. Pardos, Mulattos, and the Quest for Social Mobility in the Spanish Indies, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2015.

This monograph examines the Iranian and Shia legal debates on technologies of assisted reproduction (including embryo donation and surrogacy) and looks at the regulations and implementation of these technologies in Iran. In particular, it addresses: 1) an analysis of the moral reasoning embedded in the Shia theological legal discourse on reproductive technology and how this tradition interprets assisted reproduction with a particular focus on underlying concepts, structure and principles of kinship; 2) the emergence and development of the relevant legislation, regulations and administrative policies and how this might shape the relationship between civil and religious law in Iran, and 3) the ways in which reproductive technology is used and understood with particular focus on underlying values, local narratives and the resulting societal dynamics. The methodological approach for this research is a combination of extensive ethnography and textual analysis of important academic and religious seminary publications in Iran, from Shia jurisprudence (fiqh) and Persian histories to the analysis of laws and verdicts.

Este libro se ocupa de la importancia de la literatura para la constitución de las ciencias sociales como práctica y discurso moderno en el Caribe insular hispano. Su propuesta consiste en que la antropologia y sus materias vecinas comienzan a construirse un lugar de enunciacion, a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, en estrecha relacion con la literatura de viajes, el cuadro de costumbres y la novela decimononicos. Es en el cruce con estos generos literarios que las nacientes disciplinas configuraron gran parte de su tropologia y genealogia discursiva; aunque, una vez institucionalizadas, desautorizaron su validez epistemologica. En el proceso de diferenciacion textual e institucional, las ciencias sociales se convirtieron en una de las maneras mas efectivas para consolidar los proyectos nacionales, organizar el transito hacia ciudadanias modernas y socavar los postulados de la degeneracion racial y climatica asociados a la region.