O livro aborda a ética relacionando-a à moral e ao esforço humano de atingir a experiência da excelência moral como ideal supremo de vida. Busca as raízes que propiciaram o nascimento e desenvolvimen

A filosofia é classificada como uma atividade teorética, muitas vezes considerada erroneamente relativa à vida privada, enquanto a política é pensada como uma atividade prática que se exerce na vi

Dante Alighieri, um dos maiores escritores da literatura medieval, nasceu em Florença, na Itália, no ano de 1265. É autor de A Divina Comédia, obra publicada no século XIV durante o período do Renascimento e considerada um dos maiores classicos da literatura universal. Esse grande poema epico foi escrito em dialeto local, o florentino. Repleto de simbolismos e alegorias, Dante critica filosofos, religiosos e politicos que viveram em sua epoca. Originalmente, a obra foi intitulada "Comedia", e mais tarde o escritor Giovanni Boccaccio incluiu o termo "Divina". A Divina Comedia e uma obra que, definitivamente, deve ser lida pelos apreciadores da boa literatura.

A Modern Utopia is a novel by H. G. Wells. Because of the complexity and sophistication of its narrative structure A Modern Utopia has been called "not so much a modern as a postmodern utopia." The novel is best known for its notion that a voluntary order of nobility known as the Samurai could effectively rule a "kinetic and not static" world state so as to solve "the problem of combining progress with political stability." To this planet "out beyond Sirius" the Owner of the Voice and the botanist are translated, imaginatively, "in the twinkling of an eye . . . We should scarcely note the change. Not a cloud would have gone from the sky." Their point of entry is on the slopes of the Piz Lucendro in the Swiss Alps. The adventures of these two characters are traced through eleven chapters. Little by little they discover how Utopia is organized. It is a world with "no positive compulsions at all . . . for the adult Utopian.unless they fall upon him as penalties incurred." The Owner of the Voice and the botanist are soon required to account for their presence. When their thumbprints are checked against records in "the central index housed in a vast series of buildings at or near Paris," both discover they have doubles in Utopia. They journey to London to meet them, and the Owner of the Voices double is a member of the Samurai, a voluntary order of nobility that rules Utopia. "These samurai form the real body of the State." Running through the novel as a foil to the main narrative is the botanists obsession with an unhappy love affair back on Earth. The Owner of the Voice is annoyed at this undignified and unworthy insertion of earthly affairs in Utopia, but when the botanist meets the double of his beloved in Utopia the violence of his reaction bursts the imaginative bubble that has sustained the narrative and the two men find themselves back in early-twentieth-century London.

Underneath and beyond the method, you have caught the intention and the spirit...Your study could not be more conscientious or true to the original." - Henri BergsonThe famous French philosopher Henri Bergson had but the highest praise for Edouard le Roys presentation of Bergsons philosophy for the general public in a couple of articles that would form the core of this book, A New Philosophy: Henri Bergson: Henri Bergson.Le Roy hoped that this volume would serve as an introduction, which would make it easier to read and understand Bergsons works, and serve as a primer to his "new philosophy." Bergsons new philosophy essentially argued that the intuition is deeper than the intellect. His work was considered the main challenge to the mechanistic view of nature. A great opponent of Cartesian dualism, he resisted the reduction of psychological phenomena to physical states. Bergson, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1927, is sometimes said to have anticipated features of relativity theory and the modern scientific theories of the mind.EDOUARD LE ROY (1870-1954) was the French philosopher Henri Bergsons most famous pupil. From 1914 until 1921 he functioned as Bergsons "permanent substitute" in the Chair of Modern Philosophy at the College de France while the philosopher served on French diplomatic missions.

Entre o Olimpo e o agora: histórias clássicas para quem não foge de boas perguntas. Em A nudez de Afrodite, revisitando os mitos antigos para entender dilemas modernos, Cláudio Moreno apresenta sesse

¿Qué sería del pensamiento si mujeres como Penélope, Deméter, Diotima o la memorable sirvienta tracia pudieran tomar la palabra y decir qué y quiénes fueron? ¿Cómo concebiríamos el cuerpo, la sexualidad, la identidad y el poder si ellas se convirtieran en las protagonistas de la peripecia filosofica? En un enfrentamiento cuerpo a cuerpo con su "enemigo" Platon, Adriana Cavarero propone una relectura de algunas de las figuras femeninas de la Antiguedad para denunciar las desigualdades de genero y las dinamicas patriarcales sobre las que se cimenta el canon filosofico occidental. Con un estilo caustico y brillante, la autora prefigura una nueva manera de pensar el espacio publico, en un dialogo ideal con los movimientos feministas italianos e internacionales. Un ensayo seminal que ha marcado de forma indeleble el debate sobre la diferencia sexual y los estudios de genero. En este libro invento varias figuras femeninas, o mejor dicho, las robo: expolio los textos clasicos, desde Homero hasta Platon, para trasladar a sus heroinas a un nuevo escenario, reservado a las mujeres, donde adquieren un significado distinto. Se dijo entonces, a modo de chanza, que yo actuaba como Robin Hood: que robaba figuras a los hombres para darselas a las mujeres. Ciertamente, nunca he negado que en mi estrategia de bandidaje habia un trasfondo etico y politico tangible. Y, sobre todo, cierta alegria.

Craving an intellectually stimulating read? Dive into A Pluralistic Universe by William James, an influential thinker and psychologist who also happened to be the brother of acclaimed novelist Henry James. This lucid, gripping account outlines some of James critiques of standard methods of reasoning. Its definitely challenging, but much more appealing to a general audience than most philosophical tracts.William James (January 11, 1842 August 26, 1910) was an American philosopher and psychologist who was also trained as a physician. The first educator to offer a psychology course in the United States, James was one of the leading thinkers of the late nineteenth century and is believed by many to be one of the most influential philosophers the United States has ever produced, while others have labeled him the "Father of American psychology".Along with Charles Sanders Peirce and John Dewey, James is considered to be one of the major figures associated with the philosophical school known as pragmatism, and is also cited as one of the founders of functional psychology. A Review of General Psychology analysis, published in 2002, ranked James as the 14th most eminent psychologist of the 20th century. He also developed the philosophical perspective known as radical empiricism. James work has influenced intellectuals such as Emile Durkheim, W. E. B. Du Bois, Edmund Husserl, Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Hilary Putnam, and Richard Rorty, and has even influenced Presidents, such as Jimmy Carter.

In "A Problem in Greek Ethics," John Addington Symonds delves into the complexities of ancient Greek moral philosophy, particularly as it pertains to the interplay of love, friendship, and sexuality. Written in a period when the Victorian values clashed with emerging ideas about human sexuality, Symonds employs a scholarly yet accessible style, intertwining classical texts with a personal narrative that challenges contemporary perceptions of same-sex love. His meticulous analysis reveals how ancient Greeks navigated ethical relationships that were often shrouded in societal stigma, making a profound case for understanding sexuality as a vital aspect of human experience rather than a moral failing. John Addington Symonds (1840-1893) was a noted English writer and literary scholar often regarded as a pioneering figure in the early LGBTQ+ movement. His own experiences as a homosexual man, combined with his deep admiration for classical antiquity, led him to explore the philosophic foundations of love and desire. Symondss personal struggles with societal acceptance reflect in the text, as he invites readers to reconsider the often-misunderstood dynamics of Greek ethics within a broader cultural context. This book is an essential read for anyone interested in the intersections of ethics, sexuality, and historical philosophy. Symondss insights into ancient Greek thought provide a foundation for contemporary discussions about love and morality, making it a significant contribution not only to classical scholarship but also to modern understandings of human desire.

In "A Problem in Greek Ethics," John Addington Symonds explores the complexities of pederastic relationships in ancient Greece, scrutinizing the moral and social frameworks that governed them. Employing a rich, eloquent literary style characterized by historical rigor and philosophical inquiry, Symonds delves into the ethical nuances that challenge contemporary understandings of love and mentorship. The book situates itself within the broader context of 19th-century Victorian debates on sexuality, seeking to reassess the values imposed by modern morality upon ancient practices. Symonds, a noted figure of the late Victorian period and an ardent advocate for homosexuality, was profoundly influenced by his own experiences and intellectual milieu. His works not only championed the appreciation of classical literature and art but also sought to dismantle the rigid moral codes of his time, making "A Problem in Greek Ethics" a crucial text in the evolution of queer theory. His personal conflicts around sexuality and a cultural backdrop rife with repression motivated his inquiry into a world where alternative sexualities were more readily accepted. This book is highly recommended for scholars of classical studies, philosophy, and LGBTQ+ history, as well as for any reader interested in the intersections of ethics and sexuality. Symonds insightful treatment encourages a respectful engagement with the past, inviting a reexamination of our own ethical frameworks. A captivating read that illuminates the richness and complexity of human desire across time.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A succinct Introduction situates the works timeless appeal and themes.- The Synopsis outlines the central plot, highlighting key developments without spoiling critical twists.- A detailed Historical Context immerses you in the eras events and influences that shaped the writing.- A thorough Analysis dissects symbols, motifs, and character arcs to unearth underlying meanings.- Reflection questions prompt you to engage personally with the works messages, connecting them to modern life.- Handpicked Memorable Quotes shine a spotlight on moments of literary brilliance.- Interactive footnotes clarify unusual references, historical allusions, and archaic phrases for an effortless, more informed read.

In "A Selection from the Discourses of Epictetus with the Encheiridion," the Stoic philosopher Epictetus offers a profound exploration of personal ethics, human resilience, and the pursuit of virtue. Written in a pragmatic, conversational style, this collection reveals the core tenets of Stoicism, tackling themes of control, suffering, and the art of living well. The selection highlights important discourses delivered to his students, urging them to differentiate between what is within their control and what is not, thus cultivating a mindset of tranquility amidst adversity. Epictetuss teachings resonate with the Hellenistic philosophical context of the time, providing a timeless manual for navigating lifes challenges with moral integrity. Epictetus, once a slave and later a revered teacher, faced the vicissitudes of life that informed his philosophy. His lived experience of adversity propelled him to advocate for inner freedom and self-discipline, shedding light on the significance of perspective in shaping our responses to external events. This remarkable journey from bondage to philosophical authority underscores the transformative power of Stoic thought, making it accessible and applicable to all. This text is essential for anyone interested in ethics, philosophy, or self-improvement. Readers will find Epictetuss insights not only relevant but also practical, offering guidance toward achieving a serene and purposeful existence. Whether one is new to Stoicism or seeks to deepen their understanding, this selection is an indispensable companion on the journey to wisdom.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A comprehensive Introduction outlines these selected works unifying features, themes, or stylistic evolutions.- The Author Biography highlights personal milestones and literary influences that shape the entire body of writing.- A Historical Context section situates the works in their broader erasocial currents, cultural trends, and key events that underpin their creation.- A concise Synopsis (Selection) offers an accessible overview of the included texts, helping readers navigate plotlines and main ideas without revealing critical twists.- A unified Analysis examines recurring motifs and stylistic hallmarks across the collection, tying the stories together while spotlighting the different works strengths.- Reflection questions inspire deeper contemplation of the authors overarching message, inviting readers to draw connections among different texts and relate them to modern contexts.- Lastly, our handpicked Memorable Quotes distill pivotal lines and turning points, serving as touchstones for the collections central themes.

A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge is a 1710 work, in English, by Irish Empiricist philosopher George Berkeley. This book largely seeks to refute the claims made by Berkeleys contemporary John Locke about the nature of human perception. Whilst, like all the Empiricist philosophers, both Locke and Berkeley agreed that we are having experiences, regardless of whether material objects exist, Berkeley sought to prove that the outside world (the world which causes the ideas one has within ones mind) is also composed solely of ideas. Berkeley did this by suggesting that "Ideas can only resemble Ideas" - the mental ideas that we possess can only resemble other ideas (not material objects) and thus the external world consists not of physical form, but rather of ideas. This world is (or, at least, was) given logic and regularity by some other force, which Berkeley concludes is God.

A Treatise of Human Nature is a book by Scottish philosopher David Hume, considered by many to be Humes most important work and one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy. The Treatise is a classic statement of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism. In the introduction Hume presents the idea of placing all science and philosophy on a novel foundation: namely, an empirical investigation into human nature. Impressed by Isaac Newtons achievements in the physical sciences, Hume sought to introduce the same experimental method of reasoning into the study of human psychology, with the aim of discovering the "extent and force of human understanding". Against the philosophical rationalists, Hume argues that passion rather than reason governs human behaviour. He introduces the famous problem of induction, arguing that inductive reasoning and our beliefs regarding cause and effect cannot be justified by reason; instead, our faith in induction and causation is the result of mental habit and custom. Hume defends a sentimentalist account of morality, arguing that ethics is based on sentiment and passion rather than reason, and famously declaring that "reason is, and ought only to be the slave to the passions". Hume also offers a skeptical theory of personal identity and a compatibilist account of free will.

A Abobrificação do divo Cláudio é uma sátira que desconstrói a apoteose do imperador romano Cláudio, morto em 54 d.C. Nela, Cláudio, que ficou conhecido em sua época por ser um governante tirano, boç

Revised And Explained By James S. Reid

In "According to Plato," Frank Frankfort Moore embarks on a literary exploration that deftly intertwines philosophical discourse with a rich narrative style. Set within the framework of Platonic thought, the book presents an intricate tapestry of characters and dialogues that engage with the fundamental questions of existence, ethics, and the nature of reality. Moores elegant prose and adept use of allegory echo Platos own methodologies, inviting readers to reconsider contemporary dilemmas through the lens of classical philosophy. The text serves not only as a homage to Platos ideals but also as a critique of modern interpretations of his works, making it a significant contribution to philosophical literature. Frank Frankfort Moore (1855Ai1931) was a notable British author known for his versatility across genres, including novels, plays, and essays. His background in both literature and philosophy likely informed his intricate approach to engaging with Platonic ideas. Moore, who had a keen interest in the social and political issues of his time, utilized his literary skills to distill complex philosophical concepts into accessible narratives, thus bridging the gap between highbrow philosophical inquiry and general readership. Readers seeking an intellectually stimulating experience will find "According to Plato" a rewarding encounter. This book not only provokes thought regarding age-old philosophical inquiries but also enhances ones appreciation of Moores literary craftsmanship. It is an essential read for anyone interested in the lasting impact of Platonic philosophy on contemporary thought.

A petición de un amigo, en el 44. a. C. Cicerón trata de separar la amistad de la utilidad, tan unidas hasta entonces, cómo elegir bien a los amigos y cómo quererlos. Razona sobre su naturaleza y sus normas, y la exalta en las relaciones sociales y en la vida politica, acudiendo a ejemplos conocidos de la historia de Roma que puedan capturar la atencion del lector.

Este volumen incluye un estudio sobre el proceso de cambio y transformación en el mundo sublunar y varios escritos breves de temática psicológica, emparentados tanto con Acerca del alma como con los tratados de ciencias naturales de Aristoteles.Acerca de la generacion y la corrupcion es una obra breve pero densa, que trata una parte importante de la filosofia natural de Aristoteles: la estructura del mundo sublunar y el proceso de cambio que en el se produce, cuyo fundamento racional se quiere detectar y comprender a fin de probar la integridad del ser frente a la apariencia disolutoria de la diversidad y las mutaciones. Este tratado sigue el mismo metodo que la mayoria de escritos aristotelicos: tras enunciar el proposito y el contenido, se examinan y someten a critica las doctrinas anteriores sobre la cuestion, y se procede al estudio de esta segun las concepciones y observaciones propias.En los Tratados breves de historia natural, indagaciones acerca de diversos fenomenos fisiologicos y psiquicos, se incluyen estudios sobre la sensacion y lo sensible, la memoria y la reminiscencia, el sueño y la vigilia, los ensueños, la adivinacion por el ensueño, la longevidad y la brevedad de la vida, la juventud y la vejez, la vida y la muerte y la respiracion. En la interpretacion moderna (no necesariamente en su genesis) estos pequeños estudios forman un conjunto, no solo por las referencias entre unos y otros, sino porque en el primero se plantean algunas operaciones comunes al alma y al cuerpo que constituyen el objeto de los tratados siguientes. En su forma actual proporcionan una especie de "curso" complementario del tratado Acerca del alma (aparecido en esta misma coleccion). Parten del principio de que los fenomenos psiquicos pueden explicarse como procesos puramente fisicos, y responden al proyecto aristotelico de situar los problemas relativos al alma humana en el marco general de los seres vivos. Por eso, ademas de con Acerca del alma, estos tratados estan muy relacionados con los varios de ciencias naturales que escribio el Estagirita.

El diálogo Cato Maior de senectute, escrito en el año 44 a. C., fue compuesto por Cicerón en un momento de crisis política -meses antes del magnicidio de César- y también familiar. Defiende la ancianidad contra quienes la atacan por la falta de actividad, de fuerza corporal y de placeres, y por su proximidad a la muerte, ofreciendo un breve dialogo filosofico de fuerte contenido etico.

La figura de un gigante como Aristóteles (384 a. C. - 322 a. C.) es insoslayable en el pensamiento occidental, tanto en su vertiente filosófica como científica. Ha sido un referente a lo largo de los siglos en un sorprendente numero de campos del saber: politica, etica, logica, retorica, biologia, meteorologia, etc., y en mas de un caso fue el quien sento las bases para el desarrollo de estas disciplinas. Su obra es abundante (entre 139 y 192 tratados) y casi inabarcable en cuanto a contenido. La pregunta no es si el alma existe o no, sino a que genero pertenece y que es el alma. A partir de aqui, Aristoteles desarrolla, a lo largo de los tres libros que componen la obra, una teoria nueva y vigorosa acerca del alma alejada de las especulaciones anteriores, aunque no exenta de ambiguedades internas.