eBooks de filosofía, página 7 de 14

Using the method of division and collection, this dialogue attempts to define the statesman as a distinct kind of expert shepherd of the human flock. The stranger from Elea leads the inquiry, utilizing the myth of the age of Cronus to distinguish between divine rule and human governance. It explores the necessity of laws as an imperfect substitute for the wisdom of a true ruler, acknowledging the messiness of practical politics. The work provides a sophisticated analysis of constitutional forms and the art of weaving together different temperaments in the state.

A wealthy nobleman from Thessaly challenges Socrates with the question of how virtue is acquired, sparking a deep dive into the nature of learning itself. To solve the problem of how one can search for unknown knowledge, Socrates demonstrates a geometry lesson with an enslaved boy, arguing that learning is the recollection of eternal truths. The text blends ethical inquiry with metaphysical speculation, introducing the concept of the immortal soul as the repository of wisdom. It is a pivotal work that bridges the gap between Socratic ethics and Platonic epistemology.

A visitor from Locri delivers a long, uninterrupted discourse on the nature of the physical universe and the creation of the world soul. The text describes the cosmos as a living creature endowed with intelligence by a benevolent Demiurge, using geometry to explain the elements of matter. It includes the first mention of the legendary island of Atlantis, situating human history within a grand cosmic cycle. This work served as the primary source of Platonic physics for the Middle Ages, harmonizing religion and science.

Socrates wakes in his prison cell to find his old friend Crito waiting with a plan for his escape and exile. The philosopher refuses to break the law, engaging in a personified dialogue with the "Laws of Athens" to explain his loyalty to the state. He argues that having benefited from the citys protection his whole life, he cannot now destroy its authority by fleeing the verdict. It is a rigorous examination of the social contract and the duty of the citizen.

At a celebratory drinking party, a group of prominent Athenians take turns delivering eulogies to the god of Love. The speeches range from the medical and pedantic to the comic and sublime, culminating in Socrates revelation of the ladder of love that leads to the absolute Form of Beauty. The sudden entrance of a drunken Alcibiades adds a layer of raw human emotion and political subtext to the philosophical proceedings. It is perhaps Platos most literary and artistically perfect dialogue, blending humor, romance, and metaphysics.

Outside the courthouse where he awaits his own prosecution, Socrates engages a self-righteous prophet in a conversation about the nature of holiness. The dialogue systematically dismantles the idea that piety is simply doing what the gods love, leading to the famous Euthyphro dilemma that continues to challenge ethicists today. As definitions are proposed and rejected, the text exposes the fragility of dogmatic belief when subjected to rational scrutiny. It is a masterclass in the search for a universal definition amidst conflicting traditions.

Two Athenian generals, Nicias and Laches, are asked to advise on the education of young men, leading to a broader investigation into the nature of courage. Through cross-examination, Socrates reveals that these military leaders cannot consistently define the very virtue that defines their profession. The dialogue explores the relationship between endurance, knowledge, and fear, ultimately ending in a state of aporia or puzzlement. It serves as a reminder that practical experience does not always translate into theoretical understanding.

Socrates returns from the war and engages a beautiful and popular youth in a discussion about the meaning of "temperance." They test several definitionsshame, quietness, doing ones own businessbut find each one lacking under scrutiny. The dialogue emphasizes the link between the health of the soul and the health of the body, suggesting that true cure requires wisdom. It ends without a conclusion, inviting the reader to continue the search for the definition of virtue.

Kant establishes a pure moral philosophy, arguing that the only thing good without qualification is a "good will." He develops the concept of the Categorical Imperative, a rule requiring that ones actions must be suitable to become a universal law for everyone. The text strips away empirical motives like happiness or desire, focusing strictly on the rational necessity of duty. It is a rigorous defense of objective morality based on the structure of reason itself.

In this magnum opus, Socrates and his interlocutors undertake the construction of a theoretical city in speech to determine the definition of justice. The dialogue spans ten books, covering the triadic structure of the soul, the danger of imitative poetry, and the famous allegory of the cave. It argues that the just man is happier than the unjust, proposing a society ruled by philosopher-kings who have seen the light of the Good. This text remains the foundational document for all subsequent discussions on utopia, education, and governance.

Socrates acts as a philosophical midwife to the young mathematician Theaetetus, helping him labor to deliver a definition of knowledge. They test the theories that knowledge is perception, true judgment, or true judgment with an account, ultimately finding all of them wanting. The dialogue is a brilliant exercise in epistemology, filled with memorable metaphors like the wax tablet of memory and the aviary of birds. It demonstrates the rigor of the Socratic method, valuing the clearing away of false beliefs as much as the discovery of positive truths.

Socrates stands before a jury of 501 Athenians, defending his life and his mission to question the wisdom of the powerful. He refuses to use emotional manipulation, instead using logic to prove that he has been a benefactor to the city by waking it from its stupor. The text portrays a man who fears wickedness more than death, famously claiming that a good man cannot be harmed by a bad one. It is a stirring testament to intellectual integrity and moral courage.

Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future (German: Jenseits von Gut und Bose: Vorspiel einer Philosophie der Zukunft) is a book by philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche that expands the ideas of his previous work, Thus Spoke Zarathustra, with a more critical and polemical approach. It was first published in 1886.In Beyond Good and Evil, Nietzsche accuses past philosophers of lacking critical sense and blindly accepting dogmatic premises in their consideration of morality. Specifically, he accuses them of founding grand metaphysical systems upon the faith that the good man is the opposite of the evil man, rather than just a different expression of the same basic impulses that find more direct expression in the evil man.The work moves into the realm "beyond good and evil" in the sense of leaving behind the traditional morality which Nietzsche subjects to a destructive critique in favour of what he regards as an affirmative approach that fearlessly confronts the perspectivalnature of knowledge and the perilous condition of the modern individual.

Trata-se de um conjunto de reflexões, iniciadas por José Theophilo Ribeiro e continuadas pelo seu filho, coautor, Edson Leite Ribeiro, elaboradas com a função de autoformação e de estimular a meditaç

O livro apresenta-se como um guia essencial para compreender e implementar o Ministério de Catequista na Igreja do Brasil. Com base no Documento 112 da CNBB, a obra propõe um caminho seguro e inspira

De Heráclito de Éfeso a Hegel, de Sócrates e Platão a Marx e Engels, a dialética mostrou ser um método abrangente de abordar as questões filosóficas e científicas, na medida em que nelas possam estar

O livro traz a Doutrina Cristã sob a ótica do autor.Nascido na cidade de Senhor do Bonfim/BA no ano de 1930 tendo lá residido por 20 anos, o autor, de hábitos simples e entusiasta da importância da l

A disputa em torno do problema da demarcação insistiu durante muito tempo em buscar na metodologia da pesquisa científica a sua resposta. Este livro sugere que o que distingue a atividade científica

Este livro reúne as seis aulas do curso Política e cultura no Brasil: História e perspectivas, ministrado por Olavo de Carvalho, em Colonial Heights, Virgínia, entre abril e maio de 2016. As aulas foram transcritas, revisadas e anotadas, acrescidas de tres textos ineditos entre eles, a apostila "Problemas de metodo nas ciencias humanas", antes disponivel apenas no site do autor. A obra conta ainda com um prefacio introdutorio de Silvio Grimaldo, e um posfacio de Ronald Robson, a destacar a filiaço intelectual de Olavo a tradiço do ensaismo hispano-iberico. Para Olavo, a filosofia politica e, antes de tudo, a busca por um ponto de vista privilegiado um angulo de compreenso capaz de desvelar o sentido mais profundo da aço humana em sua dimenso politica. Compreender as disputas pelo poder consiste em identificar corretamente o sujeito historico, seus meios de aço e seu horizonte de consciencia, distinguindo o fruto do acaso de sua vontade deliberada. A ciencia politica, cabe aplicar tais criterios na analise concreta dos processos historicos, esclarecendo o presente a partir das forças que o moldam. Neste volume, Olavo prope uma teoria do poder e da investigaço em ciencia politica, delineando a realidade brasileira a luz dos criterios e metodos apresentados. Seu intuito no e oferecer um sistema fechado, mas abrir um campo de reflexo um convite ao exercicio intelectual e a continuidade de um esforço coletivo. Confia, assim, a outros pensadores, historiadores e filosofos a tarefa vasta, exigente e essencial de desenvolver uma autentica ciencia da politica brasileira, erguida sobre os fundamentos desta obra.

Private letters that became a guide to living well.Written as personal correspondence, Senecas letters explore fear, time, wealth, friendship, and the pursuit of virtue. Clear and direct, they offer practical Stoic philosophy meant for daily reflection rather than abstract theory.Each letter feels intimate and urgent, confronting the pressures of life with calm discipline and moral clarity.An essential classic for readers seeking wisdom, resilience, and self-mastery.Open anywhere and find insight that still speaks today.Why This Edition? Complete unabridged philosophical text Clean modern formatting Clickable Table of Contents Optimized Kindle navigation Carefully proofread for clarity Ideal for rereading and reference