eBooks de Historia Universal, página 2 de 6

"The Clay Silver When a soda can was worth more than gold" tells the fascinating micro-history of aluminum. Today, we use it for disposable foil and cans, but in the 19th century, it was the most precious metal on earth. Napoleon III famously served his most honored guests on aluminum plates, while the lesser nobility had to eat off mere gold.Historian Arthur C. Wells explores why this metal, despite being the most abundant in the earths crust, was so difficult to extract that it remained a luxury for decades. The book chronicles the simultaneous discovery of the electrolytic process by Charles Hall and Paul Heroult that crashed the price of aluminum overnight, turning a royal treasure into a building material."The Clay Silver" is a story of how technology alters value. It illustrates the arbitrary nature of "preciousness" and how scientific innovation can democratize luxury, changing the material fabric of the modern world.

"The Purple Mistake The failed malaria cure that colored the victorian world" tells the serendipitous story of William Perkin. In 1856, the 18-year-old chemistry student was trying to synthesize quinine to cure malaria in the British colonies. Instead, he produced a black, sticky sludge from coal tar. Before throwing it away, he noticed it stained his rag a brilliant, fast shade of purple.Science writer Oliver Trent chronicles how this accident birthed the synthetic dye industry. Before Perkin, purple was the color of kings, derived from rare snails. After Perkin, "Mauveine" became a global craze, accessible to the masses. The book traces how the chemical factories built for dye were later repurposed for explosives and pharmaceuticals (like Bayer and BASF)."The Purple Mistake" is a micro-history of unintended consequences. It illustrates how a teenage lab accident ended natures monopoly on color and launched the modern chemical age, changing fashion and medicine forever.

"The Invisible Lens How the invention of glass allowed us to see the universe" argues that glass is the unsung hero of human progress. While stone and bronze built empires, glass built knowledge. Without this unique material, we would have no test tubes for chemistry, no lenses for microscopes to see bacteria, and no telescopes to see the stars.Author Clara Lens investigates the transition from glass as a luxury jewelry item to a tool of science in Venice and Northern Europe. The book also explores the invention of the mirror, which sparked the Renaissance by allowing humans to see themselves clearly for the first time, altering our concept of "self" and individualism."The Invisible Lens" looks through the material to see its impact. It is a micro-history showing that the transparency of glass is exactly what made the invisible world of cells and galaxies visible to the human eye.

"The Volcanos Ghost How an invisible cloud birthed Frankenstein and famine" explores the global aftermath of the Mount Tambora eruption in 1815, which led to the "Year Without a Summer" in 1816. While the explosion happened in Indonesia, the ash cloud enveloped the world, causing snow in July in America and mass starvation in Europe. This book focuses on the cultural and social ripple effects of this climate catastrophe.Historian Elias Black connects the dots between the gloomy weather and the birth of Gothic horror. He recounts how Mary Shelley, trapped indoors by the incessant rain in Geneva, wrote Frankenstein. The book also traces the migration of American farmers from New England to the Midwest, driven by frozen crops."The Volcanos Ghost" is a micro-history of how a geological event thousands of miles away can alter literature, demographics, and history. It is a reminder of humanitys vulnerability to the planets moods, showing how a darkened sky cast a shadow that we are still reading about today.

"The Paper Cage How a booklet transformed humans into property of the state" investigates the invention of the modern passport. Before World War I, a traveler could cross almost any border in Europe without papers. The passport was considered a temporary wartime measure to catch spies, but governments realized it was the ultimate tool for controlling their population and never abolished it.Political historian Jacob Vance explains how the concept of "citizenship" shifted from a right to a permission slip. The book details the plight of the "stateless" in the 20th centurypeople who technically ceased to exist because they lacked the right stamp. It explores the technology of identification, from wax seals to biometric chips."The Paper Cage" challenges the idea that freedom of movement is natural. It shows that we live in a world where our very humanity is tethered to a small booklet, and how the state claimed ownership over our physical location.

"The Phantom Island The cartographic error that sent sailors to their doom" explores the fascinating history of "non-existent" places that appeared on maps for centuries. The most famous example, the depiction of California as an island separated from North America, persisted on maps for over 100 years despite evidence to the contrary. This book investigates how authority, repetition, and wishful thinking created a geography of lies.Historian Samuel Reed charts the voyages of explorers who sailed into non-existent straits and looked for cities of gold that were pure fabrication. The book details the "Sandy Island" of the Pacific and the "Mountains of Kong" in Africafeatures that existed only in the minds of mapmakers but dictated the foreign policy of empires."The Phantom Island" is a story about the stubbornness of error. It shows how difficult it is to remove a "fact" once it has been printed and accepted by the establishment. It is a reminder that even our most objective tools, like maps, are subject to human vanity and imagination.

"The Carrington Shock The day the sun destroyed the telegraph and lit the sky" recounts the massive geomagnetic storm of 1859. Astronomer Richard Carrington observed a white light flare on the sun, and hours later, the Earth was bombarded with charged particles. Auroras were seen as far south as the Caribbean, and telegraph systems across Europe and North America failed, sparking fires and shocking operators.Science historian Sarah Nova explains the physics of coronal mass ejections and investigates what would happen if a similar event struck today. In 1859, it was a curiosity; today, it would fry satellites, the internet, and power grids, potentially sending civilization back to the dark ages for years."The Carrington Shock" is a thrilling blend of history and warning. It highlights the extreme fragility of our high-tech world and reminds us that we live in the atmosphere of a volatile star. It is a story of the most powerful storm in recorded history, one that made the night as bright as day.

"The White Gold The forgotten war for the islands of bird poop" uncovers the bizarre 19th-century mania for guano (seabird excrement). Before synthetic fertilizers, dried bird droppings from the Chincha Islands of Peru were the most potent agricultural fuel on earth. Nations threatened war, enslaved workers, and redrew maps just to control these mountains of nitrate-rich waste.Author Elias Stone details the "Guano Islands Act" of 1856, which allowed the US to claim any uninhabited island with bird droppingsa law still in effect today. The book describes the brutal conditions of the guano miners and how this resource boom saved Europe from famine while destroying ecosystems."The White Gold" is a tragicomic history of resource extraction. It shows how the desperate need to feed a growing population drove empires to fight over excrement, laying the groundwork for modern American imperialism in the Pacific.

Essa pesquisa de mestrado, que foi pensada a partir da publicação integral dos diários do nazista conhecido como Alfred Rosenberg, sob a organização de renomados historiadores do Museu Memorial do Ho

Pai contra mãe: As origens perdidas de Luiz Gama é uma biografia fundante de Luiz Gama. Por meio de uma interpretação minuciosa da autobiografia do jurista, retraça-se cada objeto, cada movimento, ca

The gold standard of literary ghost fiction.This influential collection defines the modern ghost story, blending scholarship, folklore, and creeping dread. Each tale builds tension with precision and restraint.A must-read for fans of classic horror and gothic atmosphere.Discover the stories that shaped supernatural fiction.Why This Edition? Complete original collection Clean modern formatting Clickable Table of Contents Optimized Kindle experience Carefully proofread

Mentor, personagem da Odisséia de Homero, era um sábio e fiel amigo de Ulisses, rei de Ítaca. Quando Ulisses partiu para a Guerra de Tróia, confiou seu filho Telêmaco a ele. No entanto, muitos anos a

LEITURA ESSENCIAL PARA CONHECER AS RAINHAS ESQUECIDAS DO EGITOCleópatra: amante, sedutora e a maior rainha do Egito. Uma figura mais mito do que história, imortalizada na poesia, no drama, na música, na arte e no cinema. Ela cativou Julio Cesar e Marco Antonio, os dois maiores lideres romanos de sua epoca, e morreu em um claro de gloria, com uma vibora pressionada contra o peito ou pelo menos e o que diz a lenda.Mas a historia real de Cleopatra VII e ainda mais fascinante. Ela foi a ultima das sete Cleopatras que governaram o Egito antes de sua absorço pelo Imperio Romano. Essas sete Cleopatras foram as poderosas lideres da dinastia ptolemaica, a familia macedonia que governou o Egito apos Alexandre, o Grande. Seguindo os costumes dos deuses, as Cleopatras casavam-se com seus irmos de sangue e dominavam o mundo normalmente patriarcal da politica e da guerra. Essas mulheres extraordinarias mantinham um controle firme sobre o pais mais rico do mundo antigo.Neste livro, o historiador Lloyd Llwellyn-Jones, autor do best-seller Os persas, mostra como cada uma das sete Cleopatras detinha poder absoluto. Sua obsesso implacavel pelo dominio geraço apos geraço resultou em atos extraordinarios de traiço, violencia e assassinato na familia mais dinfuncional da historia.

UM RELATO BRILHANTE DE ANTONY BEEVOR SOBRE O COLAPSO DO TERCEIRO REICHO Exército Vermelho tinha sede por vingança quando finalmente alcançou as fronteiras do Terceiro Reich em janeiro de 1945. Instrutores politicos martelavam a mensagem sobre a brutalidade da Wehrmacht e das SS. O resultado foi o exemplo mais aterrorizante de destruiço e violencia ja visto, com tanques esmagando colunas de refugiados sob suas esteiras, estupros em massa, saques e aniquilaço.Centenas de milhares de mulheres e ciranças morreram congeladas ou foram massacradas porque os chefes do Partido Nazista, recusando-se a aceitar a derrota, haviam proibido a evacuaço de civis. Mais de sete milhes fugiram para o oeste, tentando escapar do terror do Exercito Vermelho.Apoiado em arquivos ineditos, Antony Beevor nos oferece neste livro no apenas um documento historico fundamental, mas tambem um grande relato tragico e comovente, no qual todas as paixes humanas se desencadeiam em seu auge em que o orgulho se mistura a loucura, a astucia convive com a estupidez, o heroismo coexiste com o medo, a abnegaço com a crueldade.

9 de Julho é uma obra que resgata a memória da Revolução Constitucionalista de 1932, com foco na participação decisiva de Mato Grosso do Sul. O autor, filho de um combatente constitucionalista, recon

Neste precioso registro, Gerson Jorio nos convida a uma viagem no tempo. Através de relatos pessoais, lembranças vívidas e casos pitorescos, percorremos as ruas, os costumes e os personagens que forjaram a Pindamonhangaba do seculo XX. Mais do que contar historia, o autor resgata a alma da cidade em uma narrativa repleta de identidade e saudade.

Os métodos tradicionais de estudo do passado sempre deram maior importância aos pontos de vista nacionalistas, religiosos e morais, que subordinaram o fato histórico ao interesse do sistema. Foi assi

Traditional methods of studying the past have always given greater importance to nationalist, religious and moral interests, which subordinated the historical fact to the System point of view. Thats how we have been educated. The time has come to simplify and show respect for our ancestors, striving to know what really happened in the past, and not just what they want to inform us about. After so many years of studying History, I came to the conclusion that the best study system is through an impartial, objective Chronology that just put each event in its exact place in time, revealing History without manipulation. This Chronology contains not only purely political facts, such as the foundation of cities, the birth of kingdoms and empires, scientific and geographical discoveries, natural disasters and epidemics; it also includes information on the most different fields of human activity: chemistry, astronomy, geography, mathematics, and so on. In parallel, the chronology is complemented by data that do not belong to a specific date, but to an entire epoch, they are each society generalities, curiosities, customs, the religion of each civilization, inventions or discoveries that cannot be placed in an exact date, etc. The result of all this set is one of the most complete chronologies within its reach, periodically updated with the latest archaeological and scientific discoveries, and that transforms the reader into an eyewitness of the past, understanding the relation of geographically distant facts to each other, but closely connected in time and influencing unexpected consequences. This is something that traditional history has generally ignored when it was not usable. A work of this magnitude could not be published in a single book, so I have divided it into several collections, and the Spanish originals are being translated into French, English, Italian and Portuguese. The chronology goes from prehistory to the present day year by year, as far as possible. For those who prefer a deeper and more detailed study, I have prepared a second chronology, day by day, which for now covers from 1789 to 1946, divided into five collections.

Segundo o épico grego A Ilíada, o Príncipe Paris de Tróia raptou sua amada Helena de Esparta, a mulher mais bela do mundo, e o Rei Melenao, seu marido, convocou as outras cidades dos Aqueus, que empreenderam uma guerra contra os troianos. Este conflito ocasionou o encontro de muitos dos grandes herois da antiguidade, tais como Aquiles, Heitor ou Ajax. A Iliada de Homero e considerada um dos poemas mais antigos escritos no mundo ocidental, datando do seculo VIII aC., varios seculos apos a famosa guerra. No ha duvida de que muitos dos atributos dados aos personagens, assim como as intervençes misticas narradas na obra so totalmente irreais, mas outros como o proprio conflito, assim como alguns dos personagens e lugares mencionados, poderiam ser verdadeiros. Alguns estudiosos sugerem a possibilidade de que os eventos relatados no correspondam a um unico conflito, mas que poderiam compilar e mitologizar varios fatos historicos de diferentes periodos. Este trabalho visa descobrir a verdadeira historia de Troia e a verdade escondida por tras dos versos dos poemas de Homero. Veremos que, como muitas vezes acontece, a realidade e mais surpreendente do que a fantasia que emana da imaginaço de poetas e escritores.